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Iranian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
RESULTS
The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). had highest prevalence among species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with species.
PubMed: 33613907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5027 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Feb 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 31895525
DOI: 10.37201/req/060.2019 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2021Arcobacter species are gram-negative rods that have been implicated in food- and waterborne illness. Although various cultural isolation methods have been proposed, the...
ABSTRACT
Arcobacter species are gram-negative rods that have been implicated in food- and waterborne illness. Although various cultural isolation methods have been proposed, the current procedures are unable to fully suppress the growth of background microbiota present in food samples, which inhibits Arcobacter isolation. The purpose of this study was to develop a selective enrichment broth and chromogenic plating medium to detect three Arcobacter species that have been recognized as emerging foodborne pathogens: Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii. The developed Nguyen-Restaino-Juárez (NRJ) Arcobacter detection system consists of a selective enrichment broth (NRJ-B) and a selective-differential plating medium (NRJ-M). The protocol of the detection method was determined by evaluating the growth of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii under various temperatures (30, 35, and 42°C) and incubation (aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic) conditions. Additionally, 47 Arcobacter strains and 39 non-Arcobacter strains were tested in inclusivity and exclusivity evaluations of NRJ-B and NRJ-M. Overall, the study determined that the optimal growth conditions of Arcobacter species using the NRJ Arcobacter detection system were aerobic incubation at 30°C. NRJ-B supported good growth of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii while effectively suppressing the growth of non-Arcobacter strains after 48 h. Furthermore, NRJ-M yielded 97.8% inclusivity and 100.0% exclusivity using the tested strains and resulted in salmon-pigmented Arcobacter colonies (1.0 to 1.5 mm in diameter) after 72 h. The novel protocol is the first to develop a chromogenic plating medium for the isolation of Arcobacter species. This simple and accurate test method would greatly contribute to understanding the distribution of pathogenic Arcobacter species in food samples.
Topics: Agar; Arcobacter; Culture Media
PubMed: 33411930
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-245 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2022Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge...
Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge on the risk associated with the presence of arcobacters in retail foods, this study aimed to determine their presence in a variety of products; to evaluate the genetic diversity and the occurrence of virulence and biofilm-associated genes in the isolated strains; and to assess their biofilm activity on polystyrene, borosilicate and stainless steel. Arcobacters were detected in the 22.3% of the analysed samples and the 83 recovered isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n = 53), A. cryaerophilus (n = 24), A. skirrowii (n = 2), A. thereius (n = 3) and A. vitoriensis (n = 1). They were isolated from virtually all tested food types, but mostly from squids and turkey meat (contamination levels of 60% and 40%, respectively). MLST differentiated 68 STs, most of which were novel (89.7%) and represented by a single strain (86.9%). Five novel STs were detected in various isolates derived from seafood, and the statistical analysis revealed their potential association with that type of food product (p < 0,001). All the isolates except one harboured virulence-associated genes and the highest incidence was noted for A. butzleri. Nineteen isolates (23.5%) were able to form biofilms on the different surfaces tested and, of note; glass enhanced the adhesion ability of the majority of them (84.2%). The results highlight the role that common food products can have in the transmission of Arcobacter spp., the pathogenic potential of the different species, and the survival and growth ability of several of them on different food contact surfaces. Therefore, the study provides interesting information regarding the risk arcobacters may pose to human health and the food industry.
Topics: Arcobacter; Biofilms; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 35567892
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109712 -
PloS One 2014Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species have been isolated from many vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Multiple studies have focused...
Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species have been isolated from many vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Multiple studies have focused on the prevalence of these Epsilonproteobacteria genera in avian and mammalian species. However, little focus has been given to the presence within reptiles, and their potential zoonotic and pathogenic roles. In this study, occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria were determined for a large variety of reptiles. From 2011 to 2013, 444 cloacal swabs and fecal samples originating from 417 predominantly captive-held reptiles were screened for Epsilonproteobacteria. Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter genus specific PCRs were performed directly on all samples. All samples were also cultured on selective media and screened for the presence of Epsilonproteobacteria. Using a tiered approach of AFLP, atpA, and 16S rRNA sequencing, 432 Epsilonproteobacteria isolates were characterized at the species level. Based on PCR, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter were detected in 69.3% of the reptiles; 82.5% of the chelonians, 63.8% of the lizards, and 58.0% of the snakes were positive for one or more of these genera. Epsilonproteobacteria were isolated from 22.1% of the reptiles and were isolated most frequently from chelonians (37.0%), followed by lizards (19.6%) and snakes (3.0%). The most commonly isolated taxa were Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, reptile-associated Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum, and a putative novel Campylobacter taxon. Furthermore, a clade of seven related putative novel Helicobacter taxa was isolated from lizards and chelonians. This study shows that reptiles carry various intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria taxa, including several putative novel taxa.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Genetic Variation; Helicobacter; Intestines; Phylogeny; Reptiles
PubMed: 24988130
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101599 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2015Diarrhoea is probably the single most common medical complaint in returning travellers. The most common pathogens are entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella,...
Diarrhoea is probably the single most common medical complaint in returning travellers. The most common pathogens are entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Viruses, toxigenic Arcobacter and Bacteroides fragilis, as well as parasites such as Cryptosporidium sp, are increasingly recognised but are not tested for in most diagnostic laboratories. Blood in stools is a sign of invasive disease and should trigger exclusion of invasive amoebic disease. The use of empiric antibiotics may shorten illness but is complicated by the diversity of bacterial causes and emerging resistance.
Topics: Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Travel
PubMed: 25650209
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-1-93 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015The bacterial proteins of the Dsb family-important components of the post-translational protein modification system-catalyze the formation of disulfide bridges, a... (Review)
Review
The bacterial proteins of the Dsb family-important components of the post-translational protein modification system-catalyze the formation of disulfide bridges, a process that is crucial for protein structure stabilization and activity. Dsb systems play an essential role in the assembly of many virulence factors. Recent rapid advances in global analysis of bacteria have thrown light on the enormous diversity among bacterial Dsb systems. While the Escherichia coli disulfide bond-forming system is quite well understood, the mechanisms of action of Dsb systems in other bacteria, including members of class Epsilonproteobacteria that contain pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria colonizing extremely diverse ecological niches, are poorly characterized. Here we present a review of current knowledge on Epsilonproteobacteria Dsb systems. We have focused on the Dsb systems of Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. because our knowledge about Dsb proteins of Wolinella and Arcobacter spp. is still scarce and comes mainly from bioinformatic studies. Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen that colonizes the gastric epithelium of humans with severe consequences. Campylobacter spp. is a leading cause of zoonotic enteric bacterial infections in most developed and developing nations. We focus on various aspects of the diversity of the Dsb systems and their influence on pathogenicity, particularly because Dsb proteins are considered as potential targets for a new class of anti-virulence drugs to treat human infections by Campylobacter or Helicobacter spp.
PubMed: 26106374
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00570 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022spp. is a globally emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. However, little is known about its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in China. To investigate the...
spp. is a globally emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. However, little is known about its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in China. To investigate the prevalence of spp. isolated from various sources, 396 samples were collected from human feces, chicken cecum, and food specimens including chicken meat, beef, pork, lettuce, and seafood. spp. was isolated by the membrane filtration method. For 92 strains, the agar dilution method and next-generation sequencing were used to investigate their antimicrobial resistance and to obtain whole genome data, respectively. The virulence factor database (VFDB) was queried to identify virulence genes. ResFinder and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) were used to predict resistance genes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method with core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found that 27.5% of the samples ( = 109) were positive for spp., comprising (53.0%), (39.6%), and (7.4%). Chicken meat had the highest prevalence (81.2%), followed by seafood (51.9%), pork (43.3%), beef (36.7%), lettuce (35.5%), chicken cecum (8%), and human fecal samples (0%, 0/159). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 51 and 40 strains were resistant to streptomycin (98.1, 70%), clindamycin (94.1, 90%), tetracycline (64.7, 52.5%), azithromycin (43.1%, 15%), nalidixic acid (33.4, 35%), and ciprofloxacin (31.3, 35%) but were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, telithromycin, and clindamycin (≤10%). was sensitive to all experimental antibiotics. The virulence factors A, , and were carried by all spp. strains at 100%, and the following percentages were (95.7%), (23.9%), 2.2%, and (1.1%). Only one strain (F061-2G) carried a macrolide resistance gene (). One and one harbored resistance island gene clusters, which were isolated from pork and chicken. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that , and were separated from each other. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of spp. from vegetables and seafood in China. The resistance island gene cluster found in pork and chicken meat and the presence of virulence factors could be a potential risk to human health.
PubMed: 36532418
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004224 -
PloS One 2023Water quality parameters influence the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The genera Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, and Mycobacterium are among the representative...
Quantitative detection and reduction of potentially pathogenic bacterial groups of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, and Mycobacterium in wastewater treatment facilities.
Water quality parameters influence the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The genera Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, and Mycobacterium are among the representative pathogenic bacteria identified in wastewater. However, information on the correlations between water quality and the abundance of these bacteria, as well as their reduction rate in existing wastewater treatment facilities (WTFs), is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to determine the abundance and reduction rates of these bacterial groups in WTFs. Sixty-eight samples (34 influent and 34 non-disinfected, treated, effluent samples) were collected from nine WTFs in Japan and Thailand. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis revealed the presence of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, and Mycobacterium in all influent wastewater and treated effluent samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the abundance of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), and Mycobacterium. The geometric mean abundances of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, KpSC, and Mycobacterium in the influent wastewater were 1.2 × 104-2.4 × 105, 1.0 × 105-4.5 × 106, 3.6 × 102-4.3 × 104, and 6.9 × 103-5.5 × 104 cells mL-1, respectively, and their average log reduction values were 0.77-2.57, 1.00-3.06, 1.35-3.11, and -0.67-1.57, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated significant positive or negative correlations between the abundances of the potentially pathogenic bacterial groups and Escherichia coli as well as water quality parameters, namely, chemical/biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and oxidation-reduction potential. This study provides valuable information on the development and appropriate management of WTFs to produce safe, hygienic water.
Topics: Wastewater; Arcobacter; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Klebsiella; Aeromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Escherichia coli; Water Purification; Mycobacterium
PubMed: 37768925
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291742