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Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022is an emerging enteric pathogen increasingly identified in Europe and is likely under-reported in other global regions. We describe to our knowledge the first case...
BACKGROUND
is an emerging enteric pathogen increasingly identified in Europe and is likely under-reported in other global regions. We describe to our knowledge the first case report of in an AIDS patient, along with the first documented local (Singapore) case of infection. . A 38-year-old AIDS patient presented with diarrhoea of 2 weeks' duration. Stool cultures yielded . The patient was treated with 3 days of ciprofloxacin with clinical resolution of diarrhoea.
CONCLUSION
is likely to be present, although under-reported in AIDS patients, and it should be noted as a pathogen of increasing significance.
PubMed: 35847602
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6983094 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2011The aims of this study were, firstly, to compare five published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces in order to determine the most sensitive... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The aims of this study were, firstly, to compare five published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces in order to determine the most sensitive and specific method. Second, we analyzed the resulting isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in order to investigate the diversity of the isolates recovered. Third, we investigated the ability to recover Arcobacter spp. from frozen fecal samples. Seventy-seven fecal samples from cattle, sheep, and badgers were subjected to five isolation methods, based on published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. Thirty-nine Arcobacter butzleri isolates were analyzed using a multilocus sequence typing scheme. The survival of Arcobacter spp. in frozen samples was investigated by freezing the fecal samples at -80°C for 7 days and then applying the same five isolation methods. The most sensitive and specific method used an Arcobacter-specific broth in conjunction with modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) with added antibiotics. Freezing of fecal samples led to a reduction in the recovery of Arcobacter spp. by approximately 50%. The 39 allelic profiles obtained by MLST could be divided into 11 sequence types (STs). We have identified the most sensitive and specific method for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces and demonstrated that the freezing of fecal samples prior to isolation reduces arcobacter recovery. MLST analysis of the isolates revealed a high level of diversity.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteriological Techniques; Campylobacter; Cattle; Culture Media; Feces; Freezing; Genetic Variation; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Microbial Viability; Molecular Typing; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mustelidae; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sheep; United Kingdom
PubMed: 21193675
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01964-10 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Water is vital to agriculture. It is essential that the water used for the production of fresh produce commodities be safe. Microbial pathogens are able to survive for... (Review)
Review
Water is vital to agriculture. It is essential that the water used for the production of fresh produce commodities be safe. Microbial pathogens are able to survive for extended periods of time in water. It is critical to understand their biology and ecology in this ecosystem in order to develop better mitigation strategies for farmers who grow these food crops. In this review the prevalence, persistence and ecology of four major foodborne pathogens, Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), , and closely related , and , in water are discussed. These pathogens have been linked to fresh produce outbreaks, some with devastating consequences, where, in a few cases, the contamination event has been traced to water used for crop production or post-harvest activities. In addition, antimicrobial resistance, methods improvements, including the role of genomics in aiding in the understanding of these pathogens, are discussed. Finally, global initiatives to improve our knowledge base of these pathogens around the world are touched upon.
PubMed: 34832547
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111391 -
Journal of Food Protection Jul 2021Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter butzleri are foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of contaminated raw chicken meat. At the industry level, the...
ABSTRACT
Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter butzleri are foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of contaminated raw chicken meat. At the industry level, the combination of new and common antimicrobials could be used as a strategy to control the presence of pathogens in chicken carcasses. The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of a mixture of chlorine (Cl) and sodium gallate (SG) on a mixture of two Campylobacter species (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) and A. butzleri. Using a central composite experimental design, it was established that the optimum inhibitory SG-Cl concentration for Campylobacter spp. was 44 to 45 ppm. After 15 h of incubation, Campylobacter species growth was reduced by 37.5% and the effect of Cl was potentiated by SG at concentrations above 45 ppm. In the case of A. butzleri, optimum levels of 28 and 41 ppm were observed for SG and Cl, respectively; no synergism was reported, as this bacterium was more sensitive to lower Cl concentrations than Campylobacter. After a 20-min pretreatment with peracetic acid (50 ppm), the optimum condition to achieve a >1.0-Log CFU/mL reduction of Campylobacter spp. was exposure to 177 ppm of Cl and 44 ppm of SG for 56 min. As A. butzleri showed lower resistance to the bacteriostatic effect of the Cl-SG combination, it was assumed that optimum bactericidal conditions for Campylobacter spp. were effective to control the former; this was confirmed with subsequent validation of the model. The SG-Cl combination has bactericidal properties against Campylobacter and A. butzleri, and it may be a useful strategy to improve sanitary practices applied in the poultry industry.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Chickens; Chlorine; Food Microbiology; Meat; Sodium
PubMed: 33428726
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-181 -
Journal of Food Protection Aug 2012The International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) classified Arcobacter spp. as emerging pathogens in 2002. Arcobacter spp. have been...
The International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) classified Arcobacter spp. as emerging pathogens in 2002. Arcobacter spp. have been isolated from numerous food products at retail and from animal carcasses and feces at slaughter. A survey was conducted to determine both the prevalence and concentration of Arcobacter spp. on pre-chill beef carcasses. Surface swab samples were collected from 130 beef carcasses at the end of processing, prior to chilling. The concentration of Arcobacter spp. was determined by a most-probable-number per square centimeter (3 by 3) method with a limit of detection of 0.12 CFU/cm(2). Of the 100 carcasses examined from export abattoirs, 20 (20.0%) were contaminated with Arcobacter spp., and 5 of these had quantifiable levels of contamination ranging from 0.12 to 0.31 CFU/cm(2). Of the 30 carcasses examined at a pet food abattoir, 25 (83.3%) were contaminated with Arcobacter spp., and 10 of these had quantifiable levels of contamination ranging from 0.12 to 0.95 CFU/cm(2). Three species of Arcobacter, A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirowii, were identified by PCR. Each of the species was present in an approximately equal ratio from export abattoirs. This study demonstrates that slaughter practices at export abattoirs are sufficient to maintain both low prevalence and low levels of contamination of beef carcasses with Arcobacter spp.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Arcobacter; Australia; Cattle; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Prevalence; Species Specificity
PubMed: 22856573
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-093 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2015The isolation frequency of Arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. In all the samples it was...
The isolation frequency of Arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. In all the samples it was possible to isolate Arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to A. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to A. cryaerophilus . Both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being A. butzleri the most frequently isolated species.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Birds; Child; Chile; Coinfection; Diarrhea; Disease Reservoirs; Food Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mammals; Prevalence
PubMed: 26221100
DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838246120140095 -
Food Science and Biotechnology May 2023is a traditionally fermented cabbage, with a unique taste and beneficial properties, in northeast China. The taste and flavor of vary from region to region, owing to...
is a traditionally fermented cabbage, with a unique taste and beneficial properties, in northeast China. The taste and flavor of vary from region to region, owing to the differences in microorganisms. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to identify and quantify the microbial community composition of the broth and leaves of the naturally fermented collected from northeast China. The alpha and beta diversity of the samples from three areas in Heilongjiang province shown that the complexity of bacterial diversity of the three samples was C, A and B in turn. The widely existed in fermented , of these, , subsp. , subsp. , and were more abundant in the leaves than in fermentation broth. Other genera of lactic acid bacteria and , which have potential probiotic properties, were also present. However, some harmful bacteria such as and were also detected.
PubMed: 37041807
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01221-w -
MicrobiologyOpen Oct 2020Arcobacter spp. are commonly present on meat products. However, the source of contamination on chicken meat is under dispute. Since different studies reported...
Arcobacter spp. are commonly present on meat products. However, the source of contamination on chicken meat is under dispute. Since different studies reported contradictory results on the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. inside the intestinal tract of chicken, our study examined four intestinal compartments at four significant production steps during broiler slaughter and processing in the slaughterhouse. Altogether, 157 intestinal tracts from 19 flocks were examined qualitatively and semiquantitatively applying a selective enrichment. Further verification was performed by mPCR and rpoB sequencing. Arcobacter spp. were only detected sporadically in intestinal contents after bleeding (2/32) and in none after scalding (0/32). After defeathering, Arcobacter spp. were detected in 62% (18/29) of the intestinal contents with 28% (8/29) of the duodenal, 21% (6/29) of the jejunal, 3% (1/29) of the cecal, and 55% (16/29) of the colonic samples tested positive with loads up to 24,000 MPN/g in the colonic content. Further 88% (7/8) of colonic tissue samples were tested positive. After evisceration, the prevalences (58/64) and loads of Arcobacter spp. display comparable levels in the intestinal contents like after defeathering. In conclusion, our data point out that Arcobacter spp. are most likely detected in the colonic intestinal compartment of the chicken after defeathering and evisceration. Therefore, not only cross-contamination originating from the environment inside the slaughterhouse may cause carcass contamination with Arcobacter spp. on broiler chicken carcasses. The detection of Arcobacter spp. in duodenal and jejunal contents as well as in the colonic tissue indicates that there possibly exists an Arcobacter reservoir inside the chicken.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Chickens; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Intestines; Meat; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 32830916
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1106 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro effects of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline on planktonic cells of...
The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro effects of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline on planktonic cells of -like microorganisms and on their biofilm formation ability. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method. Further, biofilm formation ability in the presence of various concentrations of antibiotics was evaluated by a modified Christensen method. Most of the 60 strains exhibited high susceptibility to gentamicin (98.3%), ciprofloxacin (95.0%), and erythromycin (100.0%). High level of resistance was observed to clindamycin and tetracycline with MIC and MIC in range of 4-32 mg/L and 32-128 mg/L, respectively. Combined resistance to both clindamycin and tetracycline was found in 38.3% of tested strains. In general, higher biofilm formation was observed especially at lower concentrations of antibiotics (0.13-2 mg/L). However, a significant decrease in biofilm formation ability of LMG 25694 was exhibited with ampicillin and clindamycin at concentrations above 32 or 8 mg/L, respectively. Biofilm formation represents a potential danger of infection and also a risk to human health, in particular due to antimicrobial-resistant strains and the ability to form a biofilm structure at a concentration that is approximately the MIC determined for planktonic cells.
PubMed: 35052964
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010087 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of...
In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of remains rather speculative due to variable virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of individual strains. The aims of the present study were (i) to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant isolates, (ii) to use multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) to generate a guiding phylogeny of isolates collected in Kumasi, Ghana, (iii) to examine the distribution of ARGs in the test cohort, and (iv) to assess the strain's virulence and possible antibiotic treatment options for arcobacteriosis based on the genome sequences and the ARG distribution. A total of 48 A isolates obtained from poultry were included in the analysis. These isolates were genotyped by MLST and the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin were tested by disk diffusion. Whole genome sequence data of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 14 ARGs were identified in the two generated genome sequences. For all 48 isolates, the frequency of these 14 ARGs was investigated by PCR or amplicon sequencing. With 44 different sequence types found among 48 isolates, strains were phylogenetically heterogeneous. Four of 48 isolates showed an ARG constellation indicating a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The virulence genes in the two genomes showed that the species might be characterized by a somewhat lower virulence as species. The phenotypic susceptibility data combined with the distribution of the particular ARGs especially and the T81I point mutation of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) in a significant percentage of isolates indicated that macrolides and tetracycline can be recommended for calculated antibiotic treatment of arcobacteriosis in Ghana, but not ampicillin and quinolones.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Arcobacter; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Ghana; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tetracycline
PubMed: 36761899
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1094067