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Stem Cell Research & Therapy Dec 2020Arteriosclerosis is an age-related disease and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In animal experiments, mesenchymal stem cells and its culture-conditioned...
OBJECTIVE
Arteriosclerosis is an age-related disease and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In animal experiments, mesenchymal stem cells and its culture-conditioned medium have been shown to be promising tools for prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis. On the basis of these evidences, we aimed to assess whether administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSC) is safe and effective for treatment of arteriosclerosis.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients with arteriosclerosis who had received autologous Ad-MSC administration at our clinic. Patients' characteristics were recorded and data on lipid profile, intimal-media thickness (IMT), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) before and after Ad-MSC administration were collected and compared.
RESULTS
Treatment with Ad-MSC significantly improved HDL, LDL, and remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol levels. No adverse effect or toxicity was observed in relation to the treatment. Of the patients with abnormal HDL values before treatment, the vast majority showed improvement in the values. Overall, the measurements after treatment were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (p < 0.01). In addition, decreases in LDL cholesterol and RLP levels were observed after treatment in patients who had abnormal LDL cholesterol or RLP levels before treatment. The majority of patients with pre-treatment abnormal CAVI values had improved values after treatment. In patients with available IMT values, a significant decrease in the IMT values was found after therapy (p < 0.01). All patients with borderline arteriosclerosis disease had improved laboratory findings after treatment. In general, post-treatment values were significantly decreased as compared with pre-treatment values. Of the patients with normal ABI values before treatment at the same time as CAVI, the vast majority remained normal after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that Ad-MSC administration is safe and effective in patients developing arteriosclerosis, thereby providing an attractive tool for anti-aging application.
Topics: Aging; Ankle Brachial Index; Arteriosclerosis; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33308301
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02067-x -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Nov 2021[Figure: see text].
[Figure: see text].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Pulse Wave Analysis; United States; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 34601961
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18075 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology.... 1973
Review
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Esters; Glycosaminoglycans; Hemodynamics; Humans; Ischemia; Lipid Metabolism; Nutrition Disorders; Phospholipids; Rats
PubMed: 4270163
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s1-5.1.38 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... Sep 2004Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which may cause obstructions of the coronary, cerebral and peripheral arteries. It is typically multifactorial, most... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which may cause obstructions of the coronary, cerebral and peripheral arteries. It is typically multifactorial, most often dependent on risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, sedentarism, and obesity. It is the single main cause of death in most developed countries due to myocardial infarction, angina, sudden death, and heart failure. Several epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol intake, especially red wine, decrease cardiac mortality due to atherosclerosis. The alcohol effect is described by a J curve, suggesting that moderate drinkers may benefit while abstainers and heavy drinkers are at higher risk. Experimental studies indicate that most beneficial effects of drinking are attributable to flavonoids that are present in red wine, purple grape juice and several fruits and vegetables. The mechanisms include antiplatelet actions, increases in high-density lipoprotein, antioxidation, reduced endothelin-1 production, and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression which causes augmented nitric oxide production by endothelial cells. These findings lead to the concept that moderate red wine drinking, in the absence of contraindications, may be beneficial to patients who are at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Moreover, a diet based on fruits and vegetables containing flavonoids may be even more beneficial.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Flavonoids; Humans; Risk Factors; Stroke; Wine
PubMed: 15334193
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000900001 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Mar 1954
Topics: Adiposity; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Humans; Obesity
PubMed: 13141187
DOI: No ID Found -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2000
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infections
PubMed: 10984981
DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9111(00)71465-8 -
Clinica E Investigacion En... Jul 2019One of the main goals of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis is to contribute to a wider and greater knowledge of vascular disease, its prevention and treatment....
One of the main goals of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis is to contribute to a wider and greater knowledge of vascular disease, its prevention and treatment. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in our country and also lead to a high degree of disability and health expenditure. Arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, this is why its prevention requires a global approach that takes into account the different risk factors with which it is associated. Thus, this document summarizes the current level of knowledge and integrates recommendations and procedures to be followed for patients with established cardiovascular disease or high vascular risk. Specifically, this document reviews the main symptoms and signs to be evaluated during the clinical visit, the laboratory and imaging procedures to be routinely requested or those in special situations. It also includes the estimation of vascular risk, the diagnostic criteria of the different entities that are cardiovascular risk factors, and presents general and specific recommendations for the treatment of the different cardiovascular risk factors and their final objectives. Finally, the document includes aspects that are not often mentioned in the literature, such as the organisation of a vascular risk consultation.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Risk Factors; Risk Management; Societies, Medical; Spain
PubMed: 30981542
DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.03.004 -
British Heart Journal Jan 1993In this review we have tried to identify the characteristic features of SMCs in developing lesions of atherosclerosis and the extracellular factors that may be involved... (Review)
Review
In this review we have tried to identify the characteristic features of SMCs in developing lesions of atherosclerosis and the extracellular factors that may be involved in regulating these altered features. Though the list seems long and complex there is probably a great deal of interplay among the different regulatory mechanisms. The function and activities of SMCs in the artery are dependent on the milieu created by the surrounding cells and the components of the extracellular matrix. In the normal, uninjured media of the artery, SMC phenotype and function seem to be in large part determined by the extracellular matrix in which they are embedded and by diffusible factors, in particular from endothelial cells. Endothelial cell injury, infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes, and ultimately, thrombosis and platelet release, as seen in developing lesions of atherosclerosis, dramatically alter the balance of growth-regulatory and vasoactive factors present in the local environment. These extracellular factors (table and figure) can alter both SMC phenotype, and thus responsiveness, and SMC migration, proliferation, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. A better understanding of how specific factors mediate these responses, should make it possible to determine the ways in which the SMC response can be modulated. Though growth regulatory molecules seem to be key to this process, the challenge for the future is to understand their regulation in the environment of the artery wall and the interplay between growth-regulatory molecules, extracellular matrix, and vasoactive agents.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cell Division; Cell Movement; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
PubMed: 8427762
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.69.1_suppl.s30 -
Journal of Atherosclerosis and... 2003Atherosclerosis and its complications constitute the most common causes of death in Western societies and Japan. Although several theories or hypotheses about... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis and its complications constitute the most common causes of death in Western societies and Japan. Although several theories or hypotheses about atherogenesis have been proposed during the past decades, none can completely explain the whole process of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis because this disease is associated with multiple risk factors. In spite of this, the concept that atherosclerosis is a specific form of chronic inflammatory process resulting from interactions between plasma lipoproteins, cellular components ( monocyte/macrophages, T lymphocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells ) and the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall, is now well accepted. Histologically, atherosclerotic lesions from the early-stage ( fatty streak ) to more complicated lesions possess all the features of chronic inflammation. It has been demonstrated that atherogenic lipoproteins such as oxidized low density lipoprotein ( LDL ), remnant lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) and lipoprotein [ Lp ] ( a ) play a critical role in the pro-inflammatory reaction, whereas high density lipoprotein ( HDL ), anti-atherogenic lipoproteins, exert anti-inflammatory functions. In cholesterol-fed animals, the earliest events in the arterial wall during atherogenesis are the adhesion of monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells followed by the migration of these cells into the intima. It has been shown that these early events in atherosclerosis are triggered by the presence of high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in the plasma and are mediated by inflammatory factors such as adhesion molecules and cytokines in the arterial wall. The development of genetically modified laboratory animals ( transgenic and knock-out mice and transgenic rabbits ) has provided a powerful approach for dissecting individual candidate genes and studying their cause-and-effect relationships in lesion formation and progression. The purpose of this article is to review the recent progress regarding the inflammatory processes during the development of atherosclerosis based on both human and experimental studies. In particular, we will address the mechanisms of atherogenic lipoproteins in terms of inflammatory reactions associated with hypercholesterolemia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory reactions during atherogenesis may help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies to control, treat and prevent atherosclerosis in the future.
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cytokines; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Inflammation; Lipoproteins; Mice; Rabbits
PubMed: 12740479
DOI: 10.5551/jat.10.63 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021This study aimed to assess the predictive performance and establish optimal cut-off points of blood pressure for identifying arteriosclerosis in eastern Chinese adults....
This study aimed to assess the predictive performance and establish optimal cut-off points of blood pressure for identifying arteriosclerosis in eastern Chinese adults. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was utilized to evaluate arteriosclerosis. The predictive performance of blood pressure for arteriosclerosis was determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics; the optimal blood pressure cut-off points were determined by Youden's index. A logistic regression model was used to acquire the odds ratio (OR) of blood pressure for arteriosclerosis. The AUCs of blood pressure for identifying arteriosclerosis were 0.868 (95%CI: 0.860-0.875) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 0.835 (95%CI: 0.827-0.843) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), both < 0.01. The AUCs of women were higher than that of men (0.903 vs. 0.819 for SBP; 0.847 vs. 0.806 for DBP; Z test < 0.05). The AUCs in the 18-39.9-years group were higher than that in the 40-59.9-years and 60-84-years groups (0.894 vs. 0.842 and 0.818 for SBP; 0.889 vs. 0.818 and 0.759 for DBP; Z test 0.05). The total optimal cut-off points of blood pressure for predicting arteriosclerosis were 123.5/73.5 mmHg (SBP/DBP) overall; 123.5/73.5 and 126.5/79.5 mmHg for women and men, respectively; and 120.5/73.5, 123.5/76.5, and 126.5/75.5 mmHg for 18-39.9-years, 40-59.9-years, and 60-84-years groups, respectively. Blood pressure indexes had a high predictive performance for identifying arteriosclerosis with the optimal cut-off point of 123.5/73.5 mmHg (SBP/DBP) in eastern Chinese adults. Women or the younger population have a higher predictive performance and lower cut-off points to identify arteriosclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Ankle Brachial Index; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; China; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Pulse Wave Analysis
PubMed: 34501516
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178927