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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021can cause branch wilting of , causing great economic losses and ecological damage. was sequenced in sterile deionized water (CK), rice tissue (T1) and (T2) fluid by...
can cause branch wilting of , causing great economic losses and ecological damage. was sequenced in sterile deionized water (CK), rice tissue (T1) and (T2) fluid by RNA-Seq, and the function of 1 and was verified by gene knockout. There were 424, 471 and 396 differentially expressed genes between the T2 and CK, T2 and T1, and CK and T1 groups, respectively. Thirty DEGs had verified the change in expression by fluorescent quantitative PCR. Twenty-nine DEGs were the same as the expression level in RNA-Seq. In addition, ΔApCtf1β 1 and ΔApCtf1β 2 showed weaker virulence by gene knockout, and the complementary strains Ctf1β 1 and Ctf1β 2 showed the same virulence as the wild-type strains. Relative growth inhibition of ΔApCtf1β 1 and ΔApCtf1β was significantly decreased by 21.4% and 19.2%, respectively, by adding HO compared to the estimates from the wild-type strain and decreased by 25% and 19.4%, respectively, by adding Congo red. The disease index of infected by two mutants was significantly lower than that of wild type. This suggested that genes are required for the stress response and virulence of .
PubMed: 34946984
DOI: 10.3390/jof7121001 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022The shoot blight of × caused by made bamboo die in a large area, resulting in serious ecological and economic losses. Dual RNA-seq was used to sequence and analyze...
The shoot blight of × caused by made bamboo die in a large area, resulting in serious ecological and economic losses. Dual RNA-seq was used to sequence and analyze the transcriptome data of and × in the four periods after the pathogen infected the host and to screen the candidate effectors of the pathogen related to the infection. After the identification of the effectors by the tobacco transient expression system, the functions of these effectors were verified by gene knockout. Fifty-three differentially expressed candidate effectors were obtained by differential gene expression analysis and effector prediction. Among them, the effectors and can cause programmed cell death in tobacco. The disease index of × inoculated with mutant Δ and mutant Δ strains were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strains (80%), the complementary strain (77.5%), and the complementary strain (75%). The tolerance of the mutant Δ and mutant Δ strains to HO and NaCl stress was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain and the complementary and complementary strains, but there was no difference in their tolerance to Congo red. Therefore, this study shows that the effectors and play an important role in virulence and response to HO and NaCl stress.
Topics: Ascomycota; Bambusa; Congo Red; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Diseases; Sodium Chloride; Nicotiana
PubMed: 36139102
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091264 -
Genomics Jan 2020Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis is a globally distributed pathogenic fungus with a wide host range; its hosts include not only plants, but also humans and...
Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis is a globally distributed pathogenic fungus with a wide host range; its hosts include not only plants, but also humans and animals. This study aimed to develop genomic resources for A. phaeospermum to provide solid data and a theoretical basis for further studies of its pathogenesis, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and RNA genomics. The genome was obtained from the mycelia of the strain AP-Z13 using a combination of analyses with the high-throughput Illumina HiSeq 4000 system and PacBio RSII LongRead sequencing platform. Functional annotation was performed by BLASTing protein sequences against those in different publicly available databases to obtain their corresponding annotations. The genome is 48.45 Mb in size, with an N90 scaffold size of 1,931,147 bp, and encodes 19,836 putative predicted genes. This is the first report of the genome-scale assembly and annotation for A. phaeospermum, the first species in the genus Arthrinium to be subjected to whole genome sequencing.
Topics: Ascomycota; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; Gene Ontology; Genome, Fungal; Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; RNA, Untranslated; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Secondary Metabolism; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31175977
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.007 -
PeerJ 2021is a fast-growing bamboo that is widely introduced in southern China and has great economic and ecological benefits. In recent years, a blight of × caused by has...
BACKGROUND
is a fast-growing bamboo that is widely introduced in southern China and has great economic and ecological benefits. In recent years, a blight of × caused by has led to much branch damage and even death of entire bamboo forests.
METHODS
To screen for resistance genes in × , transcriptome sequencing technology was used to compare the gene expression profiles of different varieties of × with variable resistance and the same varieties under different treatments. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) database; the Gene Ontology (GO) database; and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were used to annotate and analyse the differentially expressed genes.
RESULTS
A total of 26,157 and 11,648 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the different varieties after inoculation with and the same varieties after inoculation or sterile water, respectively. There were 23 co-upregulated DGEs and 143 co-downregulated DEGs in #3 and #8, #6 and #8, #6 and #3. There were 50 co-upregulated DGEs and 24 co-downregulated DEGs in the same varieties after inoculation or sterile water. The results showed that many genes involved in cell wall composition synthesis, redox reactions and signal transduction were significantly different after pathogen infection. Twenty-one candidate genes for blight resistance, such as , , , and , were found. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the sequencing results, verifying their authenticity. These results provide a foundation for the further exploration of resistance genes and their functions.
PubMed: 34721984
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12301 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2011Fungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling...
Fungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. One aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water-damaged building materials. Another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fungal species and different types of materials. More than 5,300 surface samples were taken by means of V8 contact plates from materials with visible fungal growth. Fungal identifications and information on building material components were analyzed using multivariate statistic methods to determine associations between fungi and material components. The results confirmed that Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor are the most common fungal species in water-damaged buildings. The results also showed Chaetomium spp., Acremonium spp., and Ulocladium spp. to be very common on damp building materials. Analyses show that associated mycobiotas exist on different building materials. Associations were found between (i) Acremonium spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys spp., Ulocladium spp., and gypsum and wallpaper, (ii) Arthrinium phaeospermum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium herbarum, Trichoderma spp., yeasts, and different types of wood and plywood, and (iii) Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Chaetomium spp., Mucor racemosus, Mucor spinosus, and concrete and other floor-related materials. These results can be used to develop new and resistant building materials and relevant allergen extracts and to help focus research on relevant mycotoxins, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), and microparticles released into the indoor environment.
Topics: Biodiversity; Colony Count, Microbial; Environmental Microbiology; Fungi; Housing
PubMed: 21531835
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02513-10 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022is the main pathogen that causes blight. It secretes the cutinase transcription factor , which has been shown to play an important role in virulence. However,...
is the main pathogen that causes blight. It secretes the cutinase transcription factor , which has been shown to play an important role in virulence. However, knowledge about the interaction target genes of in remains limited. A cDNA library for the yeast two-hybrid system was constructed from shoots after 168 h treatment with . The library was identified as 1.20 × 10 cfu, with an average insert >1,000 bp in size and a 100% positive rate, providing a database for the subsequent molecular study of the interaction between and . The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays were used to screen for and identify two interacting target proteins, and , providing a reliable theoretical basis to study the molecular mechanism underlying resistance in response to , which would, in turn, establish a platform to develop new strategies for the sustainable and effective control of the blight diseases of forest trees.
PubMed: 36186076
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991077 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022shoot blight caused by is a fungal disease that has affected a large area in China in recent years. However, it is not clear which genes are responsible for the...
shoot blight caused by is a fungal disease that has affected a large area in China in recent years. However, it is not clear which genes are responsible for the disease resistance of × . Based on the analysis of transcriptome and proteome data, two genes, and , which may be involved in disease resistance, were screened. Two gene expression-interfering varieties, COF RNAi and CAD RNAi were successfully obtained using RNAi technology. Quantitative real-time fluorescence (qRT-PCR) results showed that gene, gene and seven related genes expression was down-regulated in the transformed varieties. After inoculating pathogen spore suspension, the incidence and disease index of cof-RNAi and cad-RNAi transformed plants increased significantly. At the same time, it was found that the content of total lignin and flavonoids in the two transformed varieties were significantly lower than that of the wild-type. The subcellular localization results showed that both CCoAOMT2 and CAD5 were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The above results confirm that the and genes are involved in the resistance of to shoot blight through regulating the synthesis of lignin and flavonoids.
Topics: Bambusa; Disease Resistance; Flavonoids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Lignin; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35743217
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126760 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019In this study, TMT (tandem mass tag)-labeled quantitative protein technology combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) was used...
In this study, TMT (tandem mass tag)-labeled quantitative protein technology combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) was used to isolate and identify the proteins of the hybrid bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis) and the bamboo inoculated with the pathogenic fungi Arthrinium phaeospermum. A total of 3320 unique peptide fragments were identified after inoculation with either A. phaeospermum or sterile water, and 1791 proteins were quantified. A total of 102 differentially expressed proteins were obtained, of which 66 differential proteins were upregulated and 36 downregulated in the treatment group. Annotation and enrichment analysis of these peptides and proteins using the GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases with bioinformatics software showed that the differentially expressed protein functional annotation items were mainly concentrated on biological processes and cell components. The LC-PRM/MS (liquid chromatography-parallel reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry) quantitative analysis technique was used to quantitatively analyze 11 differential candidate proteins obtained by TMT combined with LC-MS/MS. The up-down trend of 10 differential proteins in the PRM results was consistent with that of the TMT quantitative analysis. The coincidence rate of the two results was 91%, which confirmed the reliability of the proteomic results. Therefore, the differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways discovered here may be the further concern for the bamboo-pathogen interaction studies.
Topics: Bambusa; China; Chromatography, Liquid; Computational Biology; Crosses, Genetic; Gene Ontology; Hydrolysis; Peptides; Plant Diseases; Proteome; Proteomics; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Up-Regulation; Water; Xylariales
PubMed: 31822726
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55229-0 -
PeerJ 2019Water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. A better understanding of...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. A better understanding of rice drought adaptation and tolerance mechanisms could help to reduce this problem. There is evidence of a possible role of root-associated fungi in drought adaptation. Here, we analyzed the endospheric fungal microbiota composition in rice and its relation to plant genotype and drought.
METHODS
Fifteen rice genotypes ( ssp. indica) were grown in the field, under well-watered conditions or exposed to a drought period during flowering. The effect of genotype and treatment on the root fungal microbiota composition was analyzed by 18S ribosomal DNA high throughput sequencing. Grain yield was determined after plant maturation.
RESULTS
There was a host genotype effect on the fungal community composition. Drought altered the composition of the root-associated fungal community and increased fungal biodiversity. The majority of OTUs identified belonged to the Pezizomycotina subphylum and 37 of these significantly correlated with a higher plant yield under drought, one of them being assigned to .
CONCLUSION
This study shows that both plant genotype and drought affect the root-associated fungal community in rice and that some fungi correlate with improved drought tolerance. This work opens new opportunities for basic research on the understanding of how the host affects microbiota recruitment as well as the possible use of specific fungi to improve drought tolerance in rice.
PubMed: 31565550
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7463 -
Biomolecules Mar 2023The study of interaction proteins of the pathogen effector protein is an important means to analyze the disease-resistance mechanism of shoot blight. To obtain the...
The study of interaction proteins of the pathogen effector protein is an important means to analyze the disease-resistance mechanism of shoot blight. To obtain the proteins interacting with the effector ApCE22 of , 27 proteins interacting with the effector ApCE22 were initially identified via a yeast two-hybrid assay, of which four interaction proteins were obtained after one-to-one validation. The B2 protein and the chaperone protein DnaJ chloroplast protein were then verified to interact with the ApCE22 effector protein by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and GST pull-down methods. Advanced structure prediction showed that the B2 protein contained the DCD functional domain related to plant development and cell death, and the DnaJ protein contained the DnaJ domain related to stress resistance. The results showed that both the B2 protein and DnaJ protein in were the target interaction proteins of the ApCE22 effector of and related to the stress resistance of the host . The successful identification of the pathogen effector interaction target protein in plays an important role in the mechanism of pathogen-host interaction, thus providing a theoretical basis for the control of shoot blight.
Topics: Bambusa; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; Ascomycota; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 37189340
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040590