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The Biochemical Journal Apr 1987We report the development of a plasmid-mediated transformation system for Arthrobacter sp. NRRLB3381, using the Streptomyces cloning vector pIJ702. Our procedure gives a...
We report the development of a plasmid-mediated transformation system for Arthrobacter sp. NRRLB3381, using the Streptomyces cloning vector pIJ702. Our procedure gives a transformation frequency of 10(3)/micrograms of plasmid DNA. In addition we have explored the expression of the Arthrobacter ermA gene in Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coli, and shown that the ermA promoter is recognized in S. lividans not E. coli. The relationship between Arthrobacter, Streptomyces and E. coli promoters is discussed.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Bacterial; Streptomyces; Transcription, Genetic; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 2443127
DOI: 10.1042/bj2430431 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2012Bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are ubiquitous in soil environments and can be considered as true survivalists. Arthrobacter sp. strain Rue61a is an isolate from...
BACKGROUND
Bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are ubiquitous in soil environments and can be considered as true survivalists. Arthrobacter sp. strain Rue61a is an isolate from sewage sludge able to utilize quinaldine (2-methylquinoline) as sole carbon and energy source. The genome provides insight into the molecular basis of the versatility and robustness of this environmental Arthrobacter strain.
RESULTS
The genome of Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a consists of a single circular chromosome of 4,736,495 bp with an average G + C content of 62.32%, the circular 231,551-bp plasmid pARUE232, and the linear 112,992-bp plasmid pARUE113 that was already published. Plasmid pARUE232 is proposed to contribute to the resistance of Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a to arsenate and Pb2+, whereas the linear plasmid confers the ability to convert quinaldine to anthranilate. Remarkably, degradation of anthranilate exclusively proceeds via a CoA-thioester pathway. Apart from quinaldine utilization, strain Rue61a has a limited set of aromatic degradation pathways, enabling the utilization of 4-hydroxy-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids, which are characteristic products of lignin depolymerization, via ortho cleavage of protocatechuate. However, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation likely proceeds via meta cleavage of homoprotocatechuate. The genome of strain Rue61a contains numerous genes associated with osmoprotection, and a high number of genes coding for transporters. It encodes a broad spectrum of enzymes for the uptake and utilization of various sugars and organic nitrogen compounds. A. aurescens TC-1 is the closest sequenced relative of strain Rue61a.
CONCLUSIONS
The genome of Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a reflects the saprophytic lifestyle and nutritional versatility of the organism and a strong adaptive potential to environmental stress. The circular plasmid pARUE232 and the linear plasmid pARUE113 contribute to heavy metal resistance and to the ability to degrade quinaldine, respectively.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Base Sequence; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromosomes, Bacterial; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Circular; Genome, Bacterial; Lead; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenylacetates; Plasmids; Quinaldines; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 23039946
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-534 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2005The first inducible Arthrobacter overexpression system, based on the promoter/operator and the repressor of the 6-D-hydroxynicotine oxidase gene of Arthrobacter...
The first inducible Arthrobacter overexpression system, based on the promoter/operator and the repressor of the 6-D-hydroxynicotine oxidase gene of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, is described here. Nicotine-dependent overproduction and affinity purification of recombinant proteins are presented. The system will allow the production of complex enzymes and genetic complementation studies in Arthrobacter species.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Base Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Reporter; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Plasmids; Restriction Mapping
PubMed: 16332890
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8920-8924.2005 -
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 1965da Silva, G. A. Nigel (Iowa State University, Ames), and John G. Holt. Numerical taxonomy of certain coryneform bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 90:921-927. 1965-An electronic...
da Silva, G. A. Nigel (Iowa State University, Ames), and John G. Holt. Numerical taxonomy of certain coryneform bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 90:921-927. 1965-An electronic computer was used to sort 32 strains of coryneforms into groups with the tree-sort program. The similarity values obtained in this procedure were then used to construct a dendrogram depicting the phenetic resemblance among the taxa. The results indicated that all the phytopathogens studied were sufficiently distinct from the type species, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, to be excluded from the genus Corynebacterium. The grouping of some of the phytopathogens with Microbacterium lacticum is discussed. C. fascians appeared so distinct from the other strains studied that it should probably be excluded from the Corynebacteriaceae. The phenetic resemblance of Brevibacterium linens and Arthrobacter globiformis was emphasized, and the new combination, Arthrobacter linens, was proposed. In addition, because of distinct dissimilarity from the type species, it would seem desirable to exclude Arthrobacter tumescens from the genus Arthrobacter. The justification for classifying Kurthia zopfii in a family separate from the Corynebacteriaceae would appear to be open to serious question. It was concluded that the present taxonomic positions of Listeria monocytogenes, Cellulomonas biazotea, and Cellulomonas fimi are satisfactory.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Brevibacterium; Computers; Corynebacterium; In Vitro Techniques; Listeria monocytogenes; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 4954898
DOI: 10.1128/jb.90.4.921-927.1965 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2018β-1,3-Glucanase is considered as a useful enzymatic tool for β-1,3-glucan degradation to produce (1→3)-linked β-glucan oligosaccharides with...
β-1,3-Glucanase is considered as a useful enzymatic tool for β-1,3-glucan degradation to produce (1→3)-linked β-glucan oligosaccharides with pharmacological activity properties. To validly isolate β-1,3-glucanase-producing microorganisms, the soil of considered an environment rich in β-1,3-glucan-degrading microorganisms, was subjected to high throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that the genera (1.90%) and (0.78%) belonging to the order Actinomycetales (8.64%) in the phylum Actinobacteria (18.64%) were observed in soil for cultivation (FTL₁). Actinomycetes were considered as the candidates for isolation of glucan-degrading microorganisms. Out of 58 isolates, only 11 exhibited β-1,3-glucan-degrading activity. The isolate SYBCQL belonging to the genus with β-1,3-glucan-degrading activity was found and reported for the first time and the isolate SYBC17 displayed the highest yield (1.02 U/mg) among the isolates. To check the β-1,3-glucanase contribution to β-1,3-glucan-degrading activity, two genes, 17-W and 17-Q, encoding β-1,3-glucanase in SYBC17 and one gene QLK1 in SYBCQL were cloned and expressed for verification at the molecular level. Our findings collectively showed that the isolates able to secrete β-1,3-glucanase could be obtained with the assistance of high-throughput sequencing and genes expression analysis. These methods provided technical support for isolating β-1,3-glucanase-producing microorganisms.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Arthrobacter; Glycoside Hydrolases; Molecular Biology; Soil Microbiology; Streptomyces; Wolfiporia
PubMed: 29954113
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071555 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 202016α-Hydroxyprednisolone, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be potentially obtained from hydrocortisone bioconversion by combining a 1,2-dehydrogenation reaction...
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be potentially obtained from hydrocortisone bioconversion by combining a 1,2-dehydrogenation reaction performed by 31652 with a 16α-hydroxylation reaction by 13400. In this study we tested, for the first time, potential approaches to couple the two reactions using similar pH and temperature conditions for hydrocortisone bioconversion by the two strains. The capability to 1,2-dehydrogenate the 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone, the product of transformation of hydrocortisone, and vice versa the capability of to 16α-hydroxylate the prednisolone were assessed. Bioconversions were studied in shake flasks and strain morphology changes were observed by SEM. Whole cell experiments were set up to perform the two reactions in a sequential mode in alternate order or contemporarily at diverse temperature conditions. catalyzed either the dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone into prednisolone efficiently or of 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone in 24 h (up to 93.9%). Surprisingly partially converted prednisolone back to hydrocortisone. A 68.8% maximum of 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained in 120-h bioconversion by coupling whole cells of the two strains at pH 6.0 and 26 °C. High bioconversion of hydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained for the first time by coupling and .
Topics: Arthrobacter; Biotechnology; Biotransformation; Hydrocortisone; Prednisolone
PubMed: 33114231
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214912 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Dec 2020Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1 can completely degrade 500 mg/L of DEHP within 3 days. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Cu could reach 1.56 mM, however, 5.0 mg/L...
Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1 can completely degrade 500 mg/L of DEHP within 3 days. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Cu could reach 1.56 mM, however, 5.0 mg/L Cu apparently inhibited DEHP degradation and bacterial growth. Consequently, JQ-1 was exposed to the DEHP-copper environment to verify the toxicity mechanism based on the physiological responses of cellular multiple interfaces (cellular surface, membrane and intracellular characteristics). The results showed the combination of 500 mg/L DEHP and 5.0 mg/L Cu significantly decreased cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and the absolute value of zeta potential, which implied the bioavailability of DEHP was decreased. The cellular surface changes were mainly due to the interaction between Cu and some functional groups (CH, CH, aromatic rings, and amide). The weakened proton-motive force (PMF) across the plasma membrane may interfere the formation and utilization of energy, which is not conducive to the repair process of cellular damages. In this study, Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) was applied to the research of combined toxicity of DEHP and heavy metal ions for the first time. DEHP-copper intensified K efflux and Ca influx across the plasma membrane, which disturbed ion homeostasis of K and Ca and might induce apoptosis and further inhibit DEHP degradation. The decline of intracellular esterase activity indicated that the metabolic capacity is apparently restrained. This study enhances our understanding of cellular different interface processes responding to combined pollutants.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcium; Copper; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Drug Synergism; Potassium; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 32836159
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111163 -
Journal of Bacteriology Dec 1978A variety of N-acetylneuraminic acid (AcNeu) derivatives and analogs were examined as inducers of the extracellular neuraminidase of Arthrobacter sialophilus....
A variety of N-acetylneuraminic acid (AcNeu) derivatives and analogs were examined as inducers of the extracellular neuraminidase of Arthrobacter sialophilus. Neuraminidase inductions were primarily studied with tryptone-yeast extract-grown cells after washing and resuspension in a defined replacement medium. The addition of readily metabolizable carbon sources to the latter, such as 0.1% casein hydrolysate, glutamate, or glucose, enhanced enzyme synthesis. Enzyme appearance occurred after a lag in the uptake of inducers, suggesting the participation of a co-inducible transport system. Neuraminidase formation during exponential growth in the presence of AcNeu ceased after depletion of this end product from the medium. It was found, besides AcNeu, that its methyl ester, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid and 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid methyl ester are each active inducers, whereas beta-anomers of AcNeu-ketosides are not. These results, in comparison to known enzyme specificity, have revealed significant differences and parallels between the inductive and catalytic processes for neuraminidase. In particular, it would appear that the free carboxylate and oxygenation at C-2 of AcNeu, essential for enzyme catalysis with traditional AcNeu substrates, are not necessary for induction and, furthermore, that transition state analogs can specifically induce this enzyme. The failure to observe catabolite repression in this system is discussed in relation to the intermediary metabolism of the genus Arthrobacter.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Repression; Glucose; Glutamates; Kinetics; Neuraminidase; Sialic Acids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Succinates
PubMed: 721778
DOI: 10.1128/jb.136.3.874-879.1978 -
PLoS Genetics Oct 2017The dissacharide trehalose is an important intracellular osmoprotectant and the OtsA/B pathway is the principal pathway for trehalose biosynthesis in a wide range of...
The dissacharide trehalose is an important intracellular osmoprotectant and the OtsA/B pathway is the principal pathway for trehalose biosynthesis in a wide range of bacterial species. Scaffolding proteins and other cytoskeletal elements play an essential role in morphogenetic processes in bacteria. Here we describe how OtsA, in addition to its role in trehalose biosynthesis, functions as an osmotic stress sensor to regulate cell morphology in Arthrobacter strain A3. In response to osmotic stress, this and other Arthrobacter species undergo a transition from bacillary to myceloid growth. An otsA null mutant exhibits constitutive myceloid growth. Osmotic stress leads to a depletion of trehalose-6-phosphate, the product of the OtsA enzyme, and experimental depletion of this metabolite also leads to constitutive myceloid growth independent of OtsA function. In vitro analyses indicate that OtsA can self-assemble into protein networks, promoted by trehalose-6-phosphate, a property that is not shared by the equivalent enzyme from E. coli, despite the latter's enzymatic activity when expressed in Arthrobacter. This, and the localization of the protein in non-stressed cells at the mid-cell and poles, indicates that OtsA from Arthrobacter likely functions as a cytoskeletal element regulating cell morphology. Recruiting a biosynthetic enzyme for this morphogenetic function represents an intriguing adaptation in bacteria that can survive in extreme environments.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Cytokinesis; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glucosyltransferases; Osmotic Pressure; Sugar Phosphates; Trehalose
PubMed: 29084224
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007062 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 1978Seventeen bacteriophages, active against 19 Arthrobacter soil isolates, were isolated from concentrated samples of river water and sewage. Attempts to isolate...
Seventeen bacteriophages, active against 19 Arthrobacter soil isolates, were isolated from concentrated samples of river water and sewage. Attempts to isolate Arthrobacter bacteriophages from filtrates of broth cultures of the soil isolates or from ultraviolet light-irradiated cultures were unsuccessful. Bacteriophages were not detected in either concentrated or unconcentrated soil extracts. Electron microscopic studies of 11 phages showed morphologies characteristic of Bradley's groups B (exhibited by 9 phages) and C (exhibited by 2 phages). Moles percent guanine plus cytosine, calculated from the deoxyribonucleic acid density of three phages, ranged from 60.2 to 65.3. The phages were characterized by their plague and virion morphology, host range, and serological specificity.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Bacteriophage Typing; Bacteriophages; Brevibacterium; Epitopes; Fresh Water; Sewage; Soil Microbiology; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 74980
DOI: 10.1128/aem.35.1.185-191.1978