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Expert Review of Vaccines Mar 2014The Sabin Vaccine Institute Product Development Partnership is developing a Pan-anthelmintic vaccine that simultaneously targets the major soil-transmitted nematode... (Review)
Review
The Sabin Vaccine Institute Product Development Partnership is developing a Pan-anthelmintic vaccine that simultaneously targets the major soil-transmitted nematode infections, in other words, ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection. The approach builds off the current bivalent Human Hookworm Vaccine now in clinical development and would ultimately add both a larval Ascaris lumbricoides antigen and an adult-stage Trichuris trichiura antigen from the parasite stichosome. Each selected antigen would partially reproduce the protective immunity afforded by UV-attenuated Ascaris eggs and Trichuris stichosome extracts, respectively. Final antigen selection will apply a ranking system that includes the evaluation of expression yields and solubility, feasibility of process development and the absence of circulating antigen-specific IgE among populations living in helminth-endemic regions. Here we describe a five year roadmap for the antigen discovery, feasibility and antigen selection, which will ultimately lead to the scale-up expression, process development, manufacture, good laboratory practices toxicology and preclinical evaluation, ultimately leading to Phase 1 clinical testing.
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Anthelmintics; Antigens, Helminth; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Protozoan Vaccines; Soil; Trichuriasis; Trichuris
PubMed: 24392641
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.872035 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jul 1979A case of pulmonary ascariasis is reported for the first time in Australia. Because of increasing immigration from countries which have a high incidence of ascariasis...
A case of pulmonary ascariasis is reported for the first time in Australia. Because of increasing immigration from countries which have a high incidence of ascariasis (especially those of South-East Asia), and increasing travel to Asian countries, the awareness of this infestation as a cause of respiratory disease may be of great importance.
Topics: Ascariasis; Australia; Child; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Refugees
PubMed: 40103
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1979.tb112746.x -
Microbes and Infection 2021Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum are two closely related parasites that infect humans and pigs. The zoonotic potential of A. suum has been a matter of debate for...
Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum are two closely related parasites that infect humans and pigs. The zoonotic potential of A. suum has been a matter of debate for decades. Here we sought to investigate the potential human infection by A. suum and its immunological alterations. We orally infected five healthy human subjects with eggs embraced by A. suum. The infection was monitored for symptoms and possible respiratory changes, by an interdisciplinary health team. Parasitological, hematological analyses, serum immunoglobulin, cytokine profiles, and gene expression were evaluated during the infection. Our results show that A. suum is able to infect and complete the cycle in humans causing A. lumbricoides similar symptoms, including, cough, headache, diarrhea, respiratory discomfort and chest x-ray alterations coinciding with larvae migration in the lungs. We also observed activation of the immune system with production of IgM and IgG and a Th2/Th17 response with downregulation of genes related to Th1 and apoptosis. PCA (Principal componts analysis) show that infection with A. suum leads to a change in the immune landscape of the human host. Our data reinforce the zoonotic capacity of A. suum and bring a new perspective on the understanding of the immune response against this parasite.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris suum; Humans; Larva; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 34020024
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104836 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Oct 2022
Topics: Ascariasis; Biliary Tract Diseases; Canada; Child; Down Syndrome; Family; Humans
PubMed: 36191940
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220089 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Nov 2021The epidemiology of neglected tropical diseases (NTD) is persistently underprioritized, despite NTD being widespread among the poorest populations and in the least...
The epidemiology of neglected tropical diseases (NTD) is persistently underprioritized, despite NTD being widespread among the poorest populations and in the least developed countries on earth. This situation necessitates thorough and efficient public health intervention. Romania is at the brink of becoming a developed country. However, this South-Eastern European country appears to be a region that is susceptible to an underestimated burden of parasitic diseases despite recent public health reforms. Moreover, there is an evident lack of new epidemiologic data on NTD after Romania's accession to the European Union (EU) in 2007. Using the national ICD-10 dataset for hospitalized patients in Romania, we generated time series datasets for 2008-2018. The objective was to gain deep understanding of the epidemiological distribution of three selected and highly endemic parasitic diseases, namely, ascariasis, enterobiasis and cystic echinococcosis (CE), during this period and forecast their courses for the ensuing two years. Through descriptive and inferential analysis, we observed a decline in case numbers for all three NTD. Several distributional particularities at regional level emerged. Furthermore, we performed predictions using a novel automated time series (AutoTS) machine learning tool and could interestingly show a stable course for these parasitic NTD. Such predictions can help public health officials and medical organizations to implement targeted disease prevention and control. To our knowledge, this is the first study involving a retrospective analysis of ascariasis, enterobiasis and CE on a nationwide scale in Romania. It is also the first to use AutoTS technology for parasitic NTD.
Topics: Ascariasis; Echinococcosis; Enterobiasis; Forecasting; Humans; Machine Learning; Public Health; Retrospective Studies; Romania; Time Factors
PubMed: 34723982
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009831 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2000
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ecuador; Female; Humans; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 10629158
DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-0174-AL -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Mar 1995
Topics: Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 7752968
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2023Gall bladder ascariasis is a rare entity accounting for only 2.1% of biliary ascariasis features due to anatomical features of the cystic duct. It usually presents with...
Gall bladder ascariasis is a rare entity accounting for only 2.1% of biliary ascariasis features due to anatomical features of the cystic duct. It usually presents with vague abdominal features. Ultrasonography is the most sensitive and useful investigation for its diagnosis. We present a case of gall bladder ascariasis in an antenatal young female patient showing features of cholecystitis. She was diagnosed by ultrasonography and managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by oral anti-helminthic drugs. She made an uneventful recovery and is doing great in follow-up visits.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Ascariasis; Cholecystitis; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Abdomen
PubMed: 38404103
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-03-10212 -
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Journal of... 2020Ascaris lumbricoides or roundworm is one of the key soil-transmitted helminths affecting humans. A small number of infections continue to occur in Japan, suggesting...
Ascaris lumbricoides or roundworm is one of the key soil-transmitted helminths affecting humans. A small number of infections continue to occur in Japan, suggesting plant foodstuff contamination as the source of infection. To understand the current status of ascariasis incidence and to identify potential sources of infection, we extensively surveyed the available literature and collected data from testing facilities that examined clinical samples or foodstuffs. We observed that from 2002 onwards, there was a decrease in the number of ascariasis cases reported in scientific journals. Data from a clinical testing facility indicated that the number of detected cases declined remarkably from 2009. Foodstuff testing facilities reported that 11 of 10,223 plant foodstuff specimens were contaminated with anisakid nematodes but not with Ascaris. Imported kimchi was suspected as the most probable source of ascarid nematode infection, as one Ascaris egg-positive sample was detected among 60 kimchi samples in a testing facility. Therefore, the sources of Ascaris infection are still not fully known and need to be clarified to establish preventive countermeasures to safeguard Ascaris infections that continue to occur in Japan.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Food Parasitology; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Soil
PubMed: 33012763
DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.103 -
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases May 2023In the l950s, under the legacy of traditional agriculture, Ascaris lumbricoides, spread epidemically in the war-bitten society of Korea. Consensus on the parasite... (Review)
Review
In the l950s, under the legacy of traditional agriculture, Ascaris lumbricoides, spread epidemically in the war-bitten society of Korea. Consensus on the parasite control was drafted in the Parasite Disease Prevention Act, which passed a parliamentary agreement in 1966, and established safe disposal of feces and mass chemotherapy as control strategies. Biannual stool examinations and treating infected schoolchildren were basic scheme of the control activity through which revenue could be secured for organized business. In the 27 years following 1969, a maximum of 16 million stool examinations had been done every year. Cellophane thick smear enabled the task. The infection declined remarkably in the 1970s when industrialization and green revolution proceeded. A population study of A. lumbricoides in the late 1970s helped us better understand its epidemiology. The data also settled down the understandable protest of teachers against the repeated stool examinations. In the 9 years following 1987, the target population was gradually reduced when the egg positive rate was below 0.1%. An article in the Korean Law, stipulating obligatory stool examinations, was made optional. Although the long-term Korean effort of Ascaris control was a success, the effect of mass chemotherapy was not as succinct in terms of lowering reinfection. In the period of control, Korean agricultural technology changed, and the economy grew and supplied sanitary facilities by which the vicious cycle was disconnected. Reduction of morbidity was a benefit of mass chemotherapy, which is the only control method feasible in economically difficult countries. The most important hurdle of parasite control in the 1960s was poverty of general population and limited financial resources in Korea but the society formed a consensus on the priority of intestinal helminthiasis control during the ordeal period. The national consensus in the 1960s was the critical milestone for Ascaris control in Korea. Under the social agreement, application of timely technical and research advancements in parasitology achieved the success of ascariasis elimination. The successful experience of ascariasis elimination in Korea can be a benchmark for countries where neglected tropical diseases are endemically recycled.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Child; Ascariasis; Helminthiasis; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Ascaris; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 37258258
DOI: 10.3347/PHD.22152