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Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2020We review herein infections by spp., spp., and spp. in sheep and goats. spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which spp.... (Review)
Review
We review herein infections by spp., spp., and spp. in sheep and goats. spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which spp. also cause skin lesions. spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
Topics: Animals; Aspergillosis; Conidiobolus; Cryptococcosis; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 32921278
DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Dec 2021Infections due to species are an acute threat to human health; members of the section are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local... (Review)
Review
Infections due to species are an acute threat to human health; members of the section are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section or section are the second or third most important. species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to . The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected. Hallmarks of these non- invasive mold infections are high potential for tissue invasion, dissemination, and possible morbidity due to mycotoxin production. We seek to review the microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of species complex, address clinical characteristics, and highlight the underlying mechanisms of amphotericin B resistance. Selected topics will contrast key elements of with . We provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians dealing with fungal infections and researchers working on pathogenesis, aiming to bridge the emerging translational knowledge and future therapeutic challenges on this opportunistic pathogen.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 34190571
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00311-20 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Nov 2006While invasive aspergillosis occurs typically in severely immunocompromised patients, cases of surgical site infection have been reported in immunocompetent individuals.... (Review)
Review
While invasive aspergillosis occurs typically in severely immunocompromised patients, cases of surgical site infection have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. The Medline, LILACS and EMBASE databases were searched for descriptions of cases of post-operative aspergillosis, and references from relevant articles and conference abstracts were reviewed. More than 500 cases of post-operative aspergillosis were found. Cardiac surgery (n = 188), ophthalmological surgery (n > 90) and dental surgery (n > 100) were associated with the majority of cases. Other cases involved wound infections (n = 22), bronchial infections (n = 30), mediastinitis (n = 11), pleural aspergillosis (n = 1), infections following orthopaedic surgery (n = 42), vascular prosthetic surgery (n = 22), breast surgery (n = 5), abdominal surgery (n = 10) and neurosurgery (n = 25). In most patients, the source was presumed to be airborne infection during the surgical procedure. Prevention of these infections requires special care of the ventilation system in the operating room. Successful treatment requires rapid diagnosis, surgical debridement and antifungal therapy, often with voriconazole. In order to improve the outcome, better diagnostic methods are needed, particularly for cases of endocarditis and aortitis.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross Infection; Eye Diseases; Humans; Operating Rooms; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Root Canal Therapy; Sinusitis; Ventilation; Wound Infection
PubMed: 17002605
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01512.x -
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) Mar 2010Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more frequent, is often hard to diagnose and with today's antimycotics better to treat than before. It is therefore of current...
Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more frequent, is often hard to diagnose and with today's antimycotics better to treat than before. It is therefore of current interest. This also concerns bronchial aspergillosis which is less common than pulmonary aspergillosis and the topic of this paper. A total of 39 patients with bronchial aspergillosis are presented: 1) 4 cases with endobronchial aspergilla, two which are visual bronchoscopically, 2) one case with chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), where a bronchus has necrotised, 3) an invasive aspergillosis in the region of a bronchial anastomosis, 4) 7 cases with an Aspergillus invasion from endobronchial tumour tissue and 5) 26 cases with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). 37 of the 39 cases are part of a single centre study with a total of 116 bronchopulmonary aspergilloses, which were collected over seven years. The focus of attention in this paper is on the bronchoscopic and radiological results.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bronchography; Bronchoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 20072959
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215306 -
Canadian Respiratory Journal Oct 2005Aspergillus is a ubiquitous dimorphic fungus that causes a variety of human diseases ranging in severity from trivial to life-threatening, depending on the host... (Review)
Review
Aspergillus is a ubiquitous dimorphic fungus that causes a variety of human diseases ranging in severity from trivial to life-threatening, depending on the host response. An intact host defence is important to prevent disease, but individuals with pre-existing structural lung disease, atopy, occupational exposure or impaired immunity are susceptible. Three distinctive patterns of aspergillus-related lung disease are recognized: saprophytic infestation of airways, cavities and necrotic tissue; allergic disease including extrinsic allergic alveolitis, asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchocentric granulomatosis and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia; and airway and tissue invasive disease -- pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis, acute bronchopneumonia, angioinvasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing aspergillosis and invasive pleural disease. A broad knowledge of these clinical presentations and a high index of suspicion are required to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of the potentially lethal manifestations of aspergillus-related pulmonary disease. In the present report, the clinical, radiographic and pathological aspects of the various aspergillus-related lung diseases are briefly reviewed.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal
PubMed: 16307029
DOI: 10.1155/2005/759070 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023
Topics: Humans; Aspergillosis
PubMed: 37790909
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1285771 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Aug 2021Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of global relevance resulting in permanent and irreversible structural airway damage. Bacterial infection in bronchiectasis is well...
Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of global relevance resulting in permanent and irreversible structural airway damage. Bacterial infection in bronchiectasis is well studied; however, recent molecular studies identify fungi as important pathogens, either independently or in association with bacteria. species are established fungal pathogens in cystic fibrosis and their role is now increasingly being recognized in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. While the healthy airway is constantly exposed to ubiquitously present conidia in the environment, anatomically damaged airways appear more prone to colonization and subsequent infection by this fungal group. possess diverse immunopathological mechanistic capabilities and when coupled with innate immune defects in a susceptible host, such as that observed in bronchiectasis, it may promote a range of clinical manifestations including sensitization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchitis, and/or invasive aspergillosis. How such clinical states influence "endophenotypes" in bronchiectasis is therefore of importance, as each associated disease state has overlapping features with bronchiectasis itself, and can evolve, depending on underlying host immunity from one type into another. Concurrent infection complicates the clinical course and exacerbations in bronchiectasis and therefore dedicated research to better understand the -host interaction in the bronchiectasis airway is now warranted.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Aspergillus; Bronchiectasis; Endophenotypes; Humans; Pulmonary Aspergillosis
PubMed: 34261180
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730947 -
Medical Mycology Apr 2018Standardization of Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols has progressed, and analytical validity of blood-based assays has been formally established. It... (Review)
Review
Standardization of Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols has progressed, and analytical validity of blood-based assays has been formally established. It remains necessary to consider how the tests can be used in practice to maximize clinical utility. To determine the optimal diagnostic strategies and influence on patient management, several factors require consideration, including the patient population, incidence of invasive aspergillosis (and other fungal disease), and the local antifungal prescribing policy. Technical issues such as specimen type, ease of sampling, frequency of testing, access to testing centers, and time to reporting will also influence the use of PCR in clinical practice. Interpretation of all diagnostic tests is dependent on the clinical context and molecular assays are no exception, but with the proposal to incorporate Aspergillus PCR into the second revision of the consensus guidelines for defining invasive fungal disease the acceptance and understanding of molecular tests should improve.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; DNA, Fungal; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 29087518
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx091 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International May 2023
Topics: Humans; Aspergillosis; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 37485858
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0396 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Aspergillosis; Bronchitis; Tracheitis; Aspergillus; Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
PubMed: 37258156
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1988-23