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Texas Heart Institute Journal 2007Aspirin has long been established as a useful analgesic and antipyretic. Even in ancient times, salicylate-containing plants such as the willow were commonly used to... (Review)
Review
Aspirin has long been established as a useful analgesic and antipyretic. Even in ancient times, salicylate-containing plants such as the willow were commonly used to relieve pain and fever. In the 20th century, scientists discovered many details of aspirin's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, including its molecular mechanism of action. In addition, the latter half of the century brought reports that daily, low doses of aspirin could prevent myocardial infarction and stroke. This finding was first reported by Lawrence Craven, a suburban general practitioner in Glendale, California. Unfortunately, Craven's work went largely unnoticed, and decades passed before his observations were verified by clinical trial. We present Craven's story, which demonstrates the value of a single physician's commitment to lifelong learning. In addition, we summarize the work of the physicians and scientists who discovered the molecular mechanisms by which aspirin exerts its antiplatelet effects. Collectively, these discoveries exemplify the complementary roles of basic science and clinical observation in advancing medicine.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Awards and Prizes; California; Fibrinolytic Agents; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Stroke
PubMed: 17622365
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2018Organic solvents are widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry for chromatographic separations. In recent years, subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) has...
Organic solvents are widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry for chromatographic separations. In recent years, subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) has shown ability in replacing hazardous organic solvents used in traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, a pain killer-aspirin-and an antidiabetic drug-metformin HCl-were successfully separated on an XBridge C18 column using no organic solvents in the subcritical water chromatography mobile phase. Both traditional HPLC and subcritical water chromatography were used for comparison purposes. SBWC separation of metformin HCl and aspirin were achieved at 95 °C and 125 °C, respectively. The recovery for both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) obtained by SBWC is 99% in comparing with the stated content of each drug. The relative standard deviation is less than 1% for SBWC assays developed in this work. This level of accuracy and precision achieved by SBWC is the same as that resulted by the traditional HPLC analysis.
Topics: Aspirin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Metformin
PubMed: 30189589
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092258 -
Cancer Research Aug 2019Aspirin, when administered at low doses, has emerged as a powerful anticancer drug due to both chemopreventive activity against many forms of cancer and its ability to... (Review)
Review
Aspirin, when administered at low doses, has emerged as a powerful anticancer drug due to both chemopreventive activity against many forms of cancer and its ability to block metastases when administered postdiagnosis. Platelets, which are often elevated in circulation during the latter stages of cancer, are known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell growth, survival in circulation, and angiogenesis at sites of metastases. Low-dose aspirin has been demonstrated to block this procarcinogenic action of platelets. In this article, we present evidence that aspirin's unique ability to irreversibly inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase-1 is a key mechanism by which aspirin exerts anticancer activity.
Topics: Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31300475
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-0762 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Apr 2015The anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin have resulted in its widespread use as an analgesic, antipyretic, and cardioprotective agent. Beyond these applications,... (Review)
Review
The anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin have resulted in its widespread use as an analgesic, antipyretic, and cardioprotective agent. Beyond these applications, multiple observational studies and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a chemopreventative role for aspirin, particularly in the development of colorectal neoplasia. Given the critical importance of Wnt dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, the interplay between aspirin and canonical Wnt signaling has become a focus of investigation. These studies have illuminated our understanding of the anticancer mechanisms of aspirin, yielding the identification of potential biomarkers for which aspirin's chemopreventative efficacy can be safely optimized into routine clinical practice and providing leads into the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize key experimental and clinical studies of this interaction, as well as highlighting future strategies to advance their clinical translation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 25501125
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0877 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jan 1994
Topics: Aspirin; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Vascular Patency
PubMed: 8298414
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6921.71 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent digestive system malignancy. Aspirin is currently one of the most promising chemopreventive agents for CRC, and the...
The underlying regulatory mechanisms of colorectal carcinoma by combining Vitexin and Aspirin: based on systems biology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and study.
INTRODUCTION
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent digestive system malignancy. Aspirin is currently one of the most promising chemopreventive agents for CRC, and the combination of aspirin and natural compounds helps to enhance the anticancer activity of aspirin. Natural flavonoids like vitexin have an anticancer activity focusing on colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS
This study investigated the potential mechanism of action of the novel combination of vitexin and aspirin against colorectal cancer through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experiments.
RESULTS
The results of network pharmacology suggested that vitexin and aspirin regulate multiple signaling pathways through various target proteins such as NFKB1, PTGS2 (COX-2), MAPK1, MAPK3, and TP53. Cellular experiments revealed that the combined effect of vitexin and aspirin significantly inhibited HT-29 cell growth. Vitexin dose-dependently inhibited COX-2 expression in cells and enhanced the down-regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cells by aspirin.
DISCUSSION
This study provides a pharmacodynamic material and theoretical basis for applying agents against colorectal cancer to delay the development of drug resistance and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Aspirin; Molecular Docking Simulation; Cyclooxygenase 2; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 37564983
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147132 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1966
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Child; Humans
PubMed: 20722217
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5492.918-a -
British Medical Journal Apr 1966
Topics: Aspirin; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans
PubMed: 5909852
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5494.1048-b -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Oct 2023The Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas trial was a landmark study that demonstrated a reduction in preterm birth and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas trial was a landmark study that demonstrated a reduction in preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in nulliparous women who received low-dose aspirin. All women in the study had at least 1 moderate-risk factor for preeclampsia (nulliparity). Unlike current US Preventative Service Task Force guidelines, which recommend low-dose aspirin for ≥2 moderate-risk factors, women in this study were randomized to receive low-dose aspirin regardless of the presence or absence of an additional risk factor.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare how low-dose aspirin differentially benefits nulliparous women with and without additional preeclampsia risk factors for the prevention of preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a non-prespecified secondary analysis of the Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas trial that randomized nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies from 6 low-middle-income countries to receive low-dose aspirin or placebo. Our primary exposure was having an additional preeclampsia risk factor beyond nulliparity. Our primary outcome was preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation, and our secondary outcomes included preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation, preterm birth before 28 weeks of gestation, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and perinatal mortality.
RESULTS
Among 11,558 nulliparous women who met the inclusion criteria, 66.8% had no additional risk factors. Low-dose aspirin similarly reduced the risk of preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation in women with and without additional risk factors (relative risk: 0.75 vs 0.85; P=.35). Additionally for our secondary outcomes, low-dose aspirin similarly reduced the risk of preterm birth at <28 weeks of gestation, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and perinatal mortality in women with and without additional risk factors. The reduction of preterm birth at <34 weeks of gestation with low-dose aspirin was significantly greater in women without additional risk factors than those with an additional risk factor (relative risk: 0.69 vs 1.04; P=.04).
CONCLUSION
Low-dose aspirin's ability to prevent preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and perinatal mortality was similar in nulliparous women with and without additional risk factors. Professional societies should consider recommending low-dose aspirin to all nulliparous women.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Male; Premature Birth; Pre-Eclampsia; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Aspirin; Risk Factors; Perinatal Death
PubMed: 37574046
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101095 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Aug 1952
Topics: Aspirin; Salicylates
PubMed: 14935953
DOI: No ID Found