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Transactions of the American Clinical... 1995
Review
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Mamastrovirus; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 7483179
DOI: No ID Found -
Viruses Aug 2021Astroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses infecting a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in...
Astroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses infecting a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in a free-tailed bat species, , endemic to Reunion Island. A total of 380 guano samples were collected in a maternity colony during 38 different sampling sessions, from 21 June 2016 to 4 September 2018. Each sample was tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) gene using a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. In total, 27 guano samples (7.1%) tested positive, with high genetic diversity of the partial RdRp gene sequences among positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the detected viruses were genetically related to AstVs reported in rats, reptiles, dogs, and pigs, but did not cluster with AstVs commonly found in bats. Although more investigations need to be conducted to assess the prevalence of infected bats in the studied population, our findings show that Reunion free-tailed bats are exposed to AstVs, and suggest that cross-species transmission may occur with other hosts sharing the same habitat.
Topics: Animals; Astroviridae; Astroviridae Infections; Chiroptera; Dogs; Feces; Female; Genetic Variation; Phylogeny; Pregnancy; RNA, Viral; Rats; Reunion; Swine
PubMed: 34452389
DOI: 10.3390/v13081524 -
Viruses Jun 2021Bat species worldwide are receiving increased attention for the discovery of emerging viruses, cross-species transmission, and zoonoses, as well as for characterizing...
Bat species worldwide are receiving increased attention for the discovery of emerging viruses, cross-species transmission, and zoonoses, as well as for characterizing virus infections specific to bats. In a previous study, we investigated the presence of coronaviruses in faecal samples from bats at different locations in Denmark, and made phylogenies based on short, partial ORF1b sequences. In this study, selected samples containing bat coronaviruses from three different bat species were analysed, using a non-targeted approach of next-generation sequencing. From the resulting metagenomics data, we assembled full-genome sequences of seven distinct alphacoronaviruses, three astroviruses, and a polyomavirus, as well as partial genome sequences of rotavirus H and caliciviruses, from the different bat species. Comparisons to published sequences indicate that the bat alphacoronaviruses belong to three different subgenera-i.e., , , and -that the astroviruses may be new species in the genus , and that the polyomavirus could also be a new species, but unassigned to a genus. Furthermore, several viruses of invertebrates-including two (aphid) viruses and a Kadipiro virus-present in the faecal material were assembled. Interestingly, this is the first detection in Europe of a Kadipiro virus.
Topics: Alphacoronavirus; Animals; Astroviridae; Chiroptera; Denmark; Feces; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34199948
DOI: 10.3390/v13061073 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2003Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. Viruses are recognized as important causes of this disease, particularly in children. Since... (Review)
Review
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. Viruses are recognized as important causes of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has steadily increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Astrovirus, calicivirus and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses, such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses and pestiviruses, are increasingly being identified as causative agents of diarrhea. In recent years, the availability of diagnostic tests, mainly immunoassays or molecular biology techniques, has increased our understanding of this group of viruses. The future development of a safe and highly effective vaccine against rotavirus could prevent, at least, cases of severe diarrhea and reduce mortality from this disease.
Topics: Acute Disease; Caliciviridae; Coronavirus; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Mamastrovirus; Picobirnavirus; Rotavirus; Torovirus; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 12667234
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00560.x -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Novel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) is a member of the genus Avain Avastrovirus (AAstV) and the family Astroviridae. NGAstV-associated gout disease has caused huge economic...
Novel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) is a member of the genus Avain Avastrovirus (AAstV) and the family Astroviridae. NGAstV-associated gout disease has caused huge economic losses to the goose industry worldwide. Since early 2020, NGAstV infections characterized by articular and visceral gout emerged continuously in China. Herein, we isolated a GAstV strain from goslings with fatal gout disease and sequenced its complete genome nucleotide sequence. Then we conducted systematic genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis. The results demonstrated that two genotypic species of GAstV (GAstV-I and GAstV-II) were circulating in China, and GAstV-II sub-genotype IId had become the dominant one. Multiple alignments of amino acid sequences of GAstV capsid protein revealed that several characteristic mutations (E456D, A464N, and L540Q) in GAstV-II d strains, as well as additional residues in the newly identified isolate which varied over time. These findings enrich the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of GAstV and may facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies.
Topics: Animals; Geese; Avastrovirus; Genomics; Arthritis, Gouty; Gout; China
PubMed: 37386083
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37784-9 -
Viruses Feb 2017Although a relatively recently emerged virus, identified only in 2004 as a separate species of avian astrovirus, chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with poor... (Review)
Review
Although a relatively recently emerged virus, identified only in 2004 as a separate species of avian astrovirus, chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with poor growth of broiler flocks, enteritis and diarrhea and is a candidate pathogen in cases of runting stunting syndrome. More recently CAstV has been implicated in cases of two other diseases of broilers as the sole etiological agent, namely severe kidney disease of young broilers with visceral gout and the "White Chicks" hatchery disease. Examination of the strains of CAstV associated with the two latter diseases reveals they are closely related genetically. This review will discuss the pathogenesis of CAstV in relation to strain diversity and the effects of vertical versus horizontal transmission, virus load, co-infections and age of bird at infection, all factors that may impact upon disease severity.
Topics: Animals; Avastrovirus; Chickens; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Genetic Variation; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 28208602
DOI: 10.3390/v9020029 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2018Astroviruses are thought to be enteric pathogens. Since 2010, a certain group of astroviruses has increasingly been recognized, using up-to-date random amplification and... (Review)
Review
Astroviruses are thought to be enteric pathogens. Since 2010, a certain group of astroviruses has increasingly been recognized, using up-to-date random amplification and high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods, as potential neurovirulent (Ni) pathogens of severe central nervous system (CNS) infections, causing encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningoencephalomyelitis. To date, neurovirulent astrovirus cases or epidemics have been reported for humans and domesticated mammals, including mink, bovines, ovines, and swine. This comprehensive review summarizes the virology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, therapy, and future perspective related to neurovirulent astroviruses in humans and mammals, based on a total of 30 relevant articles available in PubMed (searched by use of the terms "astrovirus/encephalitis" and "astrovirus/meningitis" on 2 March 2018). A paradigm shift should be considered based on the increasing knowledge of the causality-effect association between neurotropic astroviruses and CNS infection, and attention should be drawn to the role of astroviruses in unknown CNS diseases.
Topics: Animals; Astroviridae; Astroviridae Infections; Encephalomyelitis; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 30158300
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00040-18 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2000Norwalk-like virus contamination of oysters and orange juice, and hepatitis A virus contamination of oysters have been responsible for large outbreaks of foodborne viral... (Review)
Review
Norwalk-like virus contamination of oysters and orange juice, and hepatitis A virus contamination of oysters have been responsible for large outbreaks of foodborne viral disease in Australia. Rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, parvovirus and other enteroviruses also contribute to the incidence of gastroenteritis in this country but the role of foods and waters in transmitting these viruses is unclear. Protocols for the investigation, surveillance and reporting of foodborne viral illness require further development to enable a more accurate description of the problem. Few laboratories have the capability to analyse foods for viruses and specific training in this technology is needed. Management of food safety in Australia largely relies on the implementation of HACCP principles, but these need to be adapted to address the specific risks from viruses.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Astroviridae Infections; Australia; Caliciviridae; Caliciviridae Infections; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Mamastrovirus; Norwalk virus; Rotavirus Infections; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 10946844
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00249-x -
Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology Sep 1990In summary, the pathogenesis of many gut virus infections remains uncertain. However, human and animal studies indicate that the majority of gut viruses infect villous... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
In summary, the pathogenesis of many gut virus infections remains uncertain. However, human and animal studies indicate that the majority of gut viruses infect villous enterocytes. Viruses appear to have different affinities for enterocytes at different sites on the villus. Infection of enterocytes leads to cell death, extrusion into the lumen, and villous atrophy when the rate of cell production in the crypts cannot keep pace with the rate of enterocyte loss. This results in a reduced surface area as well as impairment of digestive and absorptive functions. This may also result in a net secretory state. All these changes, along with others such as reduced enzymatic activity and reduced epithelial integrity, may contribute to the induction of an acute but transient malabsorptive diarrhoea which may persist until the digestive/absorptive functions of the enterocyte are restored. However, if colonic compensation is sufficient to handle the increased fluid load, diarrhoea may not be evident. The roles of villous ischaemia, altered countercurrent exchanger of altered immune responses still remain uncertain and require further investigation.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adult; Animals; Caliciviridae; Cattle; Child; Diarrhea; Dogs; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases; Mamastrovirus; Mice; Norwalk virus; Picornaviridae Infections; Rats; Rotavirus Infections; Swine; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 1962725
DOI: 10.1016/0950-3528(90)90051-h -
Viruses Aug 2023Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals...
Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals is not well studied. Hence, the present study was conducted to detect and characterize AstVs and AdVs in calves, piglets and puppies from Western Maharashtra, India. Out of the processed porcine (48), canine (80), and bovine (65) faecal samples, the porcine AstV (PAstV), bovine AstV (BAstV), canine AstV (CAstV), and porcine AdV (PAdV) were detected in 12.5%, 7.69%, 3.75% and 4.1% of samples, respectively. In the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region-based phylogenetic analysis, the detected BAstV strains grouped with MAstV-28, MAstV-33, and MAstV-35, CAstV strains belonged to MAstV-5; PAstV strains belonged to MAstV-24, MAstV-26, and MAstV-31. However, in hexon gene-based phylogeny, both the detected PAdV were of genotype 3, exhibiting 91.9-92.5% nucleotide identity with Ivoirian and Chinese strains. The study reports first-time BAstVs from calves and PAdV-3 from piglets in India. The study revealed diversity in the circulation of AstVs in tested animals and AdVs in pigs, and suggested that they alone might be associated with other diarrhoea or in combination with other enteric pathogens, thus highlighting the necessity of extensive epidemiological investigations to develop diagnostic tools and control measures.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Swine; Adenoviridae; Phylogeny; India; Adenoviridae Infections; Astroviridae; Canidae; Diarrhea
PubMed: 37632021
DOI: 10.3390/v15081679