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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal Mar 2021Although studies have shown that obesity is associated with aeroallergen sensitization (atopy), controversy still exists. We aimed to investigate the association between...
BACKGROUND
Although studies have shown that obesity is associated with aeroallergen sensitization (atopy), controversy still exists. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic status, obesity, and atopy stratified by sex and menopausal status.
METHODS
A total of 1,700 adults from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were classified into metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) by body mass index and insulin resistance. Atopy was defined as a positive response to at least one aeroallergen. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of immunoglobulin E (IgE) elevation or atopy in relation to the degree of metabolic abnormality and obesity.
RESULTS
In premenopausal women, total IgE was positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. MUNO participants had a higher risk of having elevated total IgE compared to MHNO participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.271; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.201 to 4.294), while MHO participants did not show a significant difference (OR, 1.435; 95% CI, 0.656 to 3.137) in premenopausal women. MUNO, but not MHO was also associated with atopy (OR, 2.157; 95% CI, 1.284 to 3.625). In men and postmenopausal women, there was no significant difference between metabolic status, obesity, and atopy among groups.
CONCLUSION
Increased insulin resistance is associated with total IgE and atopy in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women or men.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Insulin Resistance; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32431107
DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0150 -
Bulletin de L'Academie Nationale de... Oct 2005Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving many genes and environmental factors. Numerous genetic association studies of asthma, atopy and bronchial... (Review)
Review
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving many genes and environmental factors. Numerous genetic association studies of asthma, atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness have consistently implicated a small number of genes, most of which are involved in immune responses. Genome-wide screens of various populations in the past three years have identified six asthma and/or atopy susceptibility genes by means of positional cloning. However, the precise functions of these genes are unclear. Recent advances in molecular methods for genotyping thousands of polymorphisms in candidate regions (and, very soon, across the entire genome), together with new statistical methods applicable to complex biological systems, will rapidly identify new culprit genes as well as gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. A better knowledge of asthma susceptibility will lead to better diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this increasingly frequent disease.
Topics: Asthma; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human; Cytokines; Environmental Exposure; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunoglobulin E; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Phenotype
PubMed: 16669143
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Epidemiology Oct 2012Earlier menarche and irregular periods, among other markers of sex-hormone levels, have been associated with a higher risk of asthma and allergic diseases. This has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Earlier menarche and irregular periods, among other markers of sex-hormone levels, have been associated with a higher risk of asthma and allergic diseases. This has suggested an etiologic role of sex hormones in the development of these conditions. The authors investigated the association of age at menarche, irregular periods, duration of menstruation, and acne with reported medical history of asthma and/or atopy (hay fever and/or eczema/urticaria) in a historical cohort of students born before the rise in asthma prevalence in the United Kingdom and attending university in 1948-1968. Finding consistent associations in a cohort that has experienced different life-course exposures and has different confounding structure can help to identify causal associations. In the Glasgow Alumni Cohort, irregular periods were associated with atopic asthma (multinomial odds ratio (MOR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33, 5.83) and atopy alone (MOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.84) but not with nonatopic asthma (MOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.30), compared with students reporting no asthma and no atopy. The authors found no association with acne, a marker of high testosterone levels, that they hypothesized could point to polycystic ovary syndrome underpinning these associations. In summary, the authors found evidence for a potentially etiologic role of irregular menstruations with some specific asthma phenotypes, namely, atopic asthma and atopy, but not with nonatopic asthma.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Age of Onset; Algorithms; Asthma; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Eczema; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Logistic Models; Male; Menarche; Menstruation Disturbances; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Risk Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom; Universities; Urticaria; Young Adult
PubMed: 23028012
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws161 -
Clinical and Translational Allergy Jun 2023Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are two frequently concomitant manifestations of the presence of atopy. A substantial number of studies have been published on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are two frequently concomitant manifestations of the presence of atopy. A substantial number of studies have been published on the association of birth order and sibship size (number of siblings) with atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and atopy. The present work is the first systematic synthesis of the existing literature on this topic.
METHODS
Fifteen databases were searched. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by independent pairs. Comparable numerical data were statistically synthesized using random-effects robust variance estimation.
RESULTS
In total, 114 studies were included out of 8819 papers obtained from database searches. Birth order ≥2 versus 1 was associated with lower risk of ever atopic dermatitis (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98), current food allergy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.90), and positive skin prick test (SPT) to common aeroallergens (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97). Sibship size ≥2 versus 1 was associated with decreased risk of current atopic dermatitis (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98), ever atopic dermatitis (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.97), and positive SPT to common aeroallergens (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.92). No putative associations were seen regarding atopy assessed through allergen-specific immunoglobulin E with common allergens.
CONCLUSION
The presence of siblings and being second-born or later may decrease the lifetime risk of atopic dermatitis and food allergy, albeit marginally. Similar association was seen with SPT sensitization. However, significant protection was not found for IgE sensitization.
PubMed: 37357553
DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12270 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Development of new therapies in melanoma has increased survival, and as a result more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying patients at...
IMPORTANCE
Development of new therapies in melanoma has increased survival, and as a result more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying patients at increased risk of BrM is therefore of significant public health importance.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether history of atopy is associated with improved survival or reduced incidence of BrM in cutaneous melanoma.
DESIGN
A retrospective cohort study conducted from June 2022 to March 2024.
SETTING
Population-based in states with Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) supported cancer registries.
PARTICIPANTS
Individuals (≥65 years) diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017 that are participants in traditional Medicare.
EXPOSURES
Individuals were compared that had history of atopy (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and/or allergic/atopic conjunctivitis) diagnosed prior to melanoma diagnosis, ascertained using ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in Medicare claims.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary endpoints were diagnosis with a BrM or death during the follow-up period. Associations between atopy and endpoints were assessed using cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and p-values.
RESULTS
A total of 29,956 cutaneous melanoma cases were identified (median age 76, 60% male and 97% non-Hispanic White). Overall, 7.1% developed BrM during follow up. Among the 35% that had history of atopy, the most common condition was atopic dermatitis (19%). After adjustment for demographic and prognostic factors, atopy was associated with a 16% decrease in death (HR=0.84 [95%CI:0.80-0.87], p<0.001). Among those with non-metastatic disease at time of diagnosis, atopy conferred a 15% decrease in cumulative incidence BrM (HR=0.85 [95%CI: 0.76-0.94], p=0.006), with a 25% decrease associated with atopic dermatitis (HR=0.75 [95%CI:0.65-0.86], p<0.001). Among those with metastatic disease at diagnosis (any metastatic site), only those who received immune checkpoint inhibitors had a survival benefit associated with atopy (HR=0.31, [95%CI:0.15-0.64], p=0.001 vs HR=1.41, [95%CI:0.87-2.27], p=0.165).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Atopy, particularly atopic dermatitis, was significantly associated with improved survival and decreased incidence of BrM. The improved survival associated with these conditions in the context of immunotherapy suggests that these conditions in the elderly may identify those with more robust immune function that may be more responsive to treatment.
PubMed: 38798534
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307061 -
Advances in Respiratory Medicine 2017Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder. Nitric oxide (NO) is non-invasively measured in exhaled breath (FeNO). The aim of the study was to investigate the...
INTRODUCTION
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder. Nitric oxide (NO) is non-invasively measured in exhaled breath (FeNO). The aim of the study was to investigate the anthropometric and physiologic factors that influence FeNO measurements. Also, to evaluate FeNO correlation with spirometry and inflammatory markers in asthma and rhinitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was a prospective analysis of asthma (BA) and rhinitis (AR) in patients enrolled from outpatient clinics between 2011 and 2015. Healthy controls (HC) were enrolled from the community. All subjects underwent baseline spirometry with reversibility, FeNO measurements, skin prick tests, and blood sampling for absolute eosinophil counts and serum total IgE levels.
RESULTS
Of 528 enrolled participants, 215 were BA, 248 were BA-AR and 65 were HC. The mean FeNO was higher in atopic versus nonatopic subjects (34.14 vs. 25.99; p < 0.001); asthmatics versus non-asthmatics (30.46 vs. 12.91; p < 0.001), and in participants with BA-AR, compared to those without BA-AR (32.56 vs. 30.46; p < 0.001). The odds ratio for FeNO in the study population showed a significant positive association with male gender, absolute eosinophil count (AEC), breathlessness, duration of symptoms, family history and atopy. In examining the diagnostic accuracy of FeNO for asthma, the AUC for FeNO value is 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.717-0.901), with cut-off levels to screen for asthma being 19.45 at 71.2% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity (p < 0.001). The Positive Predictive Value 96.84% (95% CI: 94.43-98.23) and Negative Predictive Value 30% (95% CI: 23.78-37.05) for asthma prediction with FeNO.
CONCLUSION
The study highlights the importance of estimation of anthropometric parameters and dyspnea assessment in the evaluation of FeNO levels. Also, the presence of atopy may influence the results in the interpretation of FeNO readings. Moreover, the study have demonstrated that spirometry and FeNO have no significant correlation, which further lays emphasis on them as being different physiological parameters of asthma.  .
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Spirometry; Young Adult
PubMed: 28871585
DOI: 10.5603/ARM.2017.0031 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Mar 2016Asthma in the inner-city population is usually atopic in nature, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying immune abnormalities...
Asthma in the inner-city population is usually atopic in nature, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying immune abnormalities that underlie asthma in urban adults have not been well defined. We investigated the influence of atopy and asthma on cytokine responses of inner-city adult women to define immune abnormalities associated with asthma and atopy. Blood samples were collected from 509 of 606 inner-city women enrolled in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study. We tested for associations between atopy and asthma status and cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated ex vivo with a panel of innate and adaptive immune stimulants. Atopic subjects had heightened Th2 cytokine responses (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) to cockroach and dust mite antigens, tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin (P < 0.05 for all). Differences in cytokine responses were greatest in response to stimulation with cockroach and dust mite. In a multivariate analysis, atopy was broadly related to increased Th2-like responses to all antigens and PHA, while asthma was only weakly related to mitogen-induced IL-4 and IL-5 responses. There were few asthma or allergy-related differences in responses to innate stimuli, including IFN-α and IFN-γ responses. In this inner-city adult female population, atopy is associated with enhanced Th2 responses to allergens and other stimuli, and there was little or no additional signal attributable to asthma. In particular, these data indicate that altered systemic interferon and innate immune responses are not associated with allergies and/or asthma in inner-city women.
PubMed: 27042305
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.96 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2014To review and conduct a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), atopy and allergic diseases. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To review and conduct a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), atopy and allergic diseases.
METHODS
Studies published in English assessing the prevalence of atopy and/or allergic diseases in patients with H. pylori infection and the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with atopy and/or allergic diseases were identified through a MEDLINE search (1950-2014). Random-effect model was used for the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Pooled results of case-control studies showed a significant inverse association of H. pylori infection with atopy/allergic disease or with exclusively atopy, but not with allergic disease, whereas pooled results of cross-sectional studies showed only a significant association between allergic disease and H. pylori infection.
CONCLUSION
There is some evidence of an inverse association between atopy/allergic diseases and H. pylori infection, although further studied are needed.
Topics: Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Odds Ratio; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25516679
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17635 -
Annals of Medicine Sep 2000The current unfavourable trends in asthma and atopy prevalences have raised great concern and have challenged investigators to accelerate search for new risk factors for... (Review)
Review
The current unfavourable trends in asthma and atopy prevalences have raised great concern and have challenged investigators to accelerate search for new risk factors for atopic diseases. The lack or scarcity of intense, systemic infections in early life has been postulated to increase susceptibility of becoming sensitized to otherwise harmless allergens in later life. This hygiene hypothesis is considered one of the most plausible explanations for the current trends in atopic diseases to date. There are data to suggest that measles, hepatitis A, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in early life may prevent the subsequent development of atopic diseases. The hypothesis is based on the concept that certain viral and bacterial infections, which induce a strongly polarized T helper (Th)-1 type response and a long-lasting memory immunity, are in early life able to reverse or prevent the biased Th1/Th2 balance in individuals prone to atopy and asthma. Evidence for the ability of mycobacterial infections to alter the Th1/Th2 balance has also been obtained from murine models. In humans, the critical time period during which immunomodulation with long-lasting effects is considered most successful is within the first two years of life. Possibly also nonpathogenic residents of the intestinal mucosa are involved in the proper maturation of the immune system. The use of antibiotics has been shown to be positively associated with the development of asthma and atopy. The mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unknown.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunologic Memory; Infections; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Time Factors
PubMed: 11028687
DOI: 10.3109/07853890008995946 -
Pediatric Dermatology Nov 2022Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a strong genetic basis. The objective of this study was to assess the association between parental atopy and AD development by 2 years.
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a strong genetic basis. The objective of this study was to assess the association between parental atopy and AD development by 2 years.
METHODS
A secondary data analysis of the BASELINE Birth Cohort study was performed (n = 2183). Parental atopy was self-reported at 2 months. Infants were examined for AD by trained health care professionals at 6, 12, and 24 months. Variables extracted from the database related to skin barrier function, early skincare, parental atopy, and AD. Statistical analysis adjusted for potential confounding variables.
RESULTS
Complete data on AD status were available for 1505 children at 6, 12, and 24 months. Prevalence of AD was 18.6% at 6 months, 15.2% at 12 months, and 16.5% at 24 months. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) following multivariable analysis were 1.57 (1.09-2.25) at 6 months and 1.66 (1.12-2.46) at 12 months for maternal AD; 1.90 (1.28-2.83) at 6 months and 1.85 (1.20-2.85) at 24 months for paternal AD; 1.76 (1.21-2.56) at 6 months and 1.75 (1.16-2.63) at 12 months for maternal asthma; and 1.70 (1.19-2.45) at 6 months, 1.86 (1.26-2.76) at 12 months, and 1.99 (1.34-2.97) at 24 months for paternal asthma. Parental rhinitis was only associated with AD with maternal rhinitis at 24 months (aOR (95% CI): 1.79 (1.15-2.80)).
CONCLUSION
Parental AD and asthma were associated with increased risk of objectively diagnosed AD in offspring in this contemporary cohort.
Topics: Infant; Child; Male; Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Cohort Studies; Rhinitis; Birth Cohort; Asthma; Fathers; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35879246
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15090