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Research in Microbiology May 2017
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Genetic Variation; Life Style; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 27965152
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.11.006 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns.... (Review)
Review
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Chlorella; Chromobacterium; Drinking Water; Flocculation; Humans; Paenibacillus; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 33322826
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312 -
Metabolic Engineering May 2024Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic and facultatively anaerobic microbe, which is emerging as one of the most promising thermophilic model organisms... (Review)
Review
Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic and facultatively anaerobic microbe, which is emerging as one of the most promising thermophilic model organisms for metabolic engineering. The use of thermophilic microorganisms for industrial bioprocesses provides the advantages of increased reaction rates and reduced cooling costs for bioreactors compared to their mesophilic counterparts. Moreover, it enables starch or lignocellulose degradation and fermentation to occur at the same temperature in a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) or Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP) approach. Its natural hemicellulolytic capabilities and its ability to convert CO to metabolic energy make P. thermoglucosidasius a potentially attractive host for bio-based processes. It can effectively degrade hemicellulose due to a number of hydrolytic enzymes, carbohydrate transporters, and regulatory elements coded from a genomic cluster named Hemicellulose Utilization (HUS) locus. The growing availability of effective genetic engineering tools in P. thermoglucosidasius further starts to open up its potential as a versatile thermophilic cell factory. A number of strain engineering examples showcasing the potential of P. thermoglucosidasius as a microbial chassis for the production of bulk and fine chemicals are presented along with current research bottlenecks. Ultimately, this review provides a holistic overview of the distinct metabolic characteristics of P. thermoglucosidasius and discusses research focused on expanding the native metabolic boundaries for the development of industrially relevant strains.
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Polysaccharides; Bacillaceae
PubMed: 38490636
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.03.001 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 1993Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive aerobic or facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod. It is a cause of food poisoning, which is frequently associated with the... (Review)
Review
Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive aerobic or facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod. It is a cause of food poisoning, which is frequently associated with the consumption of rice-based dishes. The organism produces an emetic or diarrheal syndrome induced by an emetic toxin and enterotoxin, respectively. Other toxins are produced during growth, including phospholipases, proteases, and hemolysins, one of which, cereolysin, is a thiol-activated hemolysin. These toxins may contribute to the pathogenicity of B. cereus in nongastrointestinal disease. B. cereus isolated from clinical material other than feces or vomitus was commonly dismissed as a contaminant, but increasingly it is being recognized as a species with pathogenic potential. It is now recognized as an infrequent cause of serious nongastrointestinal infection, particularly in drug addicts, the immunosuppressed, neonates, and postsurgical patients, especially when prosthetic implants such as ventricular shunts are inserted. Ocular infections are the commonest types of severe infection, including endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, and keratitis, usually with the characteristic formation of corneal ring abscesses. Even with prompt surgical and antimicrobial agent treatment, enucleation of the eye and blindness are common sequelae. Septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and surgical and traumatic wound infections are other manifestations of severe disease. B. cereus produces beta-lactamases, unlike Bacillus anthracis, and so is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics; it is usually susceptible to treatment with clindamycin, vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Simultaneous therapy via multiple routes may be required.
Topics: Bacillaceae Infections; Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacteremia; Enterotoxins; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Foodborne Diseases; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Phospholipases; Wound Infection
PubMed: 8269390
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.6.4.324 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Apr 2005Members of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Collectively, these organisms represent... (Review)
Review
Members of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Collectively, these organisms represent microbes of high economic, medical and biodefense importance. Given this significance, this group contains the highest number of closely related fully sequenced genomes, giving the unique opportunity for thorough comparative genomic analyses. Much of the disease and host specificity of members of this group can be attributed to their plasmids, which vary in size and number. Chromosomes exhibit a high level of synteny and protein similarity, with limited differences in gene content, questioning the speciation of the group members. Genomic data have spurred functional studies that combined microarrays and proteomics. Recent advances are reviewed in this article and highlight the advantages of genomic approaches to the study of this important group of bacteria.
Topics: Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Base Sequence; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids
PubMed: 15808746
DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.12.005 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022To determine the distribution patterns of pigmented bacteria of the Bacilaceae family in different physiographic zones and ecological niches, we recovered 787 isolates...
To determine the distribution patterns of pigmented bacteria of the Bacilaceae family in different physiographic zones and ecological niches, we recovered 787 isolates from 185 environmental samples (including the areas with radiation pollution). Among the strains obtained, 149 pigmented representatives were detected, which synthesized intracellular and extracellular pigments of yellow, red, pink, and dark colors. In compliance with physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic features, the isolates were identified as 7 species of the Bacilaceae family. We demonstrated that the ability to synthesize pigments significantly depended on the culture medium composition. According to the color of the colonies, the absorption spectra of pigment extracts, their physicochemical properties, and the implementation of several qualitative tests, the pigmented isolates were divided into ten groups. The relative number of pigmented strains in the physiographic zone was consistent with the total level of solar radiation for the year. Most pigmented members of the Bacillaceae family were recovered from deserts and semi-deserts, and fewest of them originated from mixed forests. We show that among the studied ecological niches, pigmented strains were most often isolated from the phyllosphere and aquatic environment and least often from soils. However, the isolates from soils and aquatic environments exhibited a greater diversity of pigmentation, and a lesser variety of colored strains was obtained from the phyllosphere and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. We established that the quantitative and qualitative composition of pigmented isolates from the areas with radiation contamination differed significantly from those coming from the natural radiation background.
Topics: Animals; Bacillaceae; Bacteria; Bacteria, Aerobic; Forests; Soil; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 35438476
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2018Microbial solubilization applies the natural ability of a microorganism to liberate phosphorus from unavailable structures. The main mechanism recognized to be...
Microbial solubilization applies the natural ability of a microorganism to liberate phosphorus from unavailable structures. The main mechanism recognized to be responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus is the production of different types of organic acids. Three kinds of species and three types of raw materials (poultry bones, fish bones, and ash) were tested for solubilization. The following parameters were compared for all discussed cases: pH, specific growth rate, solubilization factor, released phosphorus concentration, and total and individual concentration of organic acids. Utilization of ash brought about the highest specific and maximum specific growth rates. A decrease in pH was observed in most of the discussed cases with the exception of fish bones. At the same time, fish bones had the highest concentration of released P₂O₅ and the highest total concentration of produced organic acids (gluconic, lactic, acetic, succinic, and propionic) in all discussed cases. The tested species produced the mentioned acids with the exception of , where propionic acid was not present. The lactic and acetic acids were those produced in the highest amount. The kind of raw materials and type of species used in solubilization had a strong influence on the kind of organic acids that were detected in the broth culture and its total concentration, which had a direct influence on the amount of released phosphorus. The combination of with the fish bones at 5 g/L is proposed as the pair that gives the highest concentration of released phosphorus (483 ± 5 mg/L).
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus subtilis; Phosphorus; Solubility
PubMed: 30404208
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112897 -
BMC Research Notes Oct 2018Our immediate objective is to test the data-suggested possibility that in-agarose gel bacterial propagation causes gel fiber dislocation and alteration of cell...
OBJECTIVE
Our immediate objective is to test the data-suggested possibility that in-agarose gel bacterial propagation causes gel fiber dislocation and alteration of cell distribution. We also test the further effect of lowering water activity. We perform these tests with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Data are obtained via electron microscopy of thin sections, which provides the first images of both bacteria and gel fibers in gel-supported bacterial lawns. The long-term objective is analysis of the effects of in-gel propagation on the DNA packaging of phages.
RESULTS
We find that agarose gel-supported cells in lawns of Escherichia coli and Lysinibacillus (1) are primarily in clusters that increase in size with time and are surrounded by gel fibers, and (2) sometimes undergo gel-induced, post-duplication rotation and translation. Bacterial growth-induced dislocation of gel fibers is observed. One reason for clustering is that clustering promotes growth by increasing the growth-derived force applied to the gel fibers. Reactive force exerted by gel on cells explains cell movement. Finally, addition to growth medium of 0.94 M sucrose causes cluster-associated E. coli cells to become more densely packed and polymorphic. Shape is determined, in part, by neighboring cells, a novel observation to our knowledge.
Topics: Agar; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Escherichia coli; Gels; Microscopy, Electron
PubMed: 30286794
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3811-x -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2020Bacillus subtilis bacteria play an important role in veterinary medicine, medicine, and biotechnology, and the permanently growing demand for biotechnological products... (Review)
Review
Bacillus subtilis bacteria play an important role in veterinary medicine, medicine, and biotechnology, and the permanently growing demand for biotechnological products fuels the improvement of the properties of biotechnological strains. B. subtilis strains with improved characteristics maybe obtained by rational design and the directed evolution technologies, or be found among newly described strains. In the course of the long-term microbiome composition studies in the Russian segment of the International Space Station, the B. subtilis 20 strain was isolated, this strain shows the capacity for rapid growth and considerable biomass accumulation, as well as increased resistance to acidification of the environment in comparison to the "terrestrial" B. subtilis 168 strain. What is more, B. subtilis 20 is hyperresistant to the DNA and protein damaging factors that are linked to the overexpression of the genes controlling DNA repair, hydrogen sulfide production, and reactive oxygen species neutralization. The described properties of B. subtilis 20 are indicative of its considerable potential as a promising producer of biologically active compounds.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biotechnology
PubMed: 32163397
DOI: 10.31857/S0026898420010085 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2023Bacillus spp. are widely marketed and used in agricultural systems as antagonists to various phytopathogens, but it can also benefit the plant as plant growth promoters....
Bacillus spp. are widely marketed and used in agricultural systems as antagonists to various phytopathogens, but it can also benefit the plant as plant growth promoters. Therefore, the longer presence of the bacterium in the rhizosphere would result in a prolonged growth-promoting benefit, but little is yet known about its persistence in the rhizosphere after seed coating. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tomato growth promotion mediated by Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 and the survival rate of these bacteria both in shoots and in the rhizosphere. The Bacillus strains used throughout this study were obtained from Quartzo® produced by Chr. Hansen. The application of a mixture of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (Quartzo®) at concentrations 1 × 10, 1 × 10, and 1 × 10 CFU mL, as well as the application of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis individually at concentration 1 × 10 CFU mL, increased fresh and dry masses of shoot and root system, volume of root system, and length of roots of tomato plants when compared to control. Both Bacillus strains produced IAA after 48 h of in vitro. Bacillus colonies obtained from plant sap were morphologically similar to colonies of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis strains and were detected in inoculated on plants and not detected in control ones. A similar pattern was obtained through DNA-based detection (qPCR). Therefore, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were able to produce auxin, promote tomato growth, and colonize and persist in the rhizosphere.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus licheniformis; Solanum lycopersicum; Bacillus; Agriculture; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere
PubMed: 36422850
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00874-3