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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2023Bacillus spp. are widely marketed and used in agricultural systems as antagonists to various phytopathogens, but it can also benefit the plant as plant growth promoters....
Bacillus spp. are widely marketed and used in agricultural systems as antagonists to various phytopathogens, but it can also benefit the plant as plant growth promoters. Therefore, the longer presence of the bacterium in the rhizosphere would result in a prolonged growth-promoting benefit, but little is yet known about its persistence in the rhizosphere after seed coating. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tomato growth promotion mediated by Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 and the survival rate of these bacteria both in shoots and in the rhizosphere. The Bacillus strains used throughout this study were obtained from Quartzo® produced by Chr. Hansen. The application of a mixture of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (Quartzo®) at concentrations 1 × 10, 1 × 10, and 1 × 10 CFU mL, as well as the application of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis individually at concentration 1 × 10 CFU mL, increased fresh and dry masses of shoot and root system, volume of root system, and length of roots of tomato plants when compared to control. Both Bacillus strains produced IAA after 48 h of in vitro. Bacillus colonies obtained from plant sap were morphologically similar to colonies of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis strains and were detected in inoculated on plants and not detected in control ones. A similar pattern was obtained through DNA-based detection (qPCR). Therefore, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were able to produce auxin, promote tomato growth, and colonize and persist in the rhizosphere.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus licheniformis; Solanum lycopersicum; Bacillus; Agriculture; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere
PubMed: 36422850
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00874-3 -
Poultry Science Sep 2022Since antibiotic resistance is a global health issues, the use of antibiotics in animal feed for growth promotion has been restricted in many countries. Bacillus...
Since antibiotic resistance is a global health issues, the use of antibiotics in animal feed for growth promotion has been restricted in many countries. Bacillus licheniformis probiotic is a potential alternative to antibiotics for increasing poultry performance. Through metagenomic sequencing, this study investigated the effects of B. licheniformis-fermented products (BLFPs) and enramycin on the microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) distribution in the cecal digesta of broilers at the age of 35 d. In total, 144 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments as follows: basal diet (control [C] group), basal diet plus 10 mg/kg enramycin (E group), basal diet plus 1 g/kg BLFPs (L group), and basal diet plus 3 g/kg BLFPs (H group), with 6 replicate cages per treatment group and 6 birds per cage. The results indicated that the cecal alpha diversity (richness and evenness) of bacterial species was higher in the H group than in the C group. Principal coordinate analysis of microbiota and the ARG composition indicated clear differences among the cecal samples of the groups. In the cecal digesta, the abundance of active bacteria associated with probiotic properties, such as Lactobacillus crispatus and Akkermansia muciniphila, was higher in the H group than in the other groups. Enramycin treatment promoted the expression of peptide (bcrA), glycopeptide (vanRI), and lincosamide (lsaE) resistance genes but inhibited the expression of aminocoumarin (parY) and pleuromutilin (TaeA) resistance genes. BLFP (1 and 3 g/kg) treatment suppressed the expression of aminoglycoside (ANT(6)-Ib), streptogramin (vatB), and peptide (ugd) resistance genes but enhanced the expression of macrolide (efrA) and aminocoumarin (novA) resistance genes. The abundance of peptide resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. was lower in the H group than in the C group. The abundance of lincosamide resistance genes in Lactobacillus spp. was higher in the E group than in the other groups. These results demonstrated that differential changes in the structure of 3 g/kg BLFPs and enramycin-induced cecal microbial communities accompany changes in the abundance of bacterial hosts carrying specific ARGs in the cecal microbiota of broilers.
Topics: Aminocoumarins; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacteria; Cecum; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Lincosamides; Male; Microbiota; Peptides
PubMed: 35841645
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102010 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The use of as a probiotic has increased significantly in recent years. Published reports demonstrate that it provides multiple benefits for health. Although there are... (Review)
Review
The use of as a probiotic has increased significantly in recent years. Published reports demonstrate that it provides multiple benefits for health. Although there are already studies in humans and is marketed, it is mostly used in the veterinary industry still. However, its benefits could be extrapolated to humans in future. This review addresses the application of , its sporulation, mechanisms of action, and its role in the resolution, treatment, and prevention of different conditions and diseases. It focuses on scientific advances from 2016 to mid-2022 and emphasizes the most common diseases in the general population. Most of the 70% of published studies about the health benefits of have been published from 2016 until now. The intake of has been related to the effects of modulation of the intestinal microbiota, antimicrobial activity, growth promotion, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects, promotion of the regulation of the lipid profile, increase of neurotransmitters, and stress reduction, among others. These results provide novel possible applications of this and other probiotics in general. Although many benefits can be reported on a microorganism, the combination with others could provide a better effect. Further studies like this need to be done to understand the specific advantages of each probiotic and its strains and therefore achieve a better selection of them for a specific disease or disorder.
PubMed: 36225361
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993451 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effects of DSM5749 on the production performance and intestinal health in laying hens. A total of 32-week-old laying hens...
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of DSM5749 on the production performance and intestinal health in laying hens. A total of 32-week-old laying hens (Hyline Brown) were randomly assigned to two dietary groups (10 replicates of 27 laying hens), namely, basal diet and basal diet complemented with 200 g/t (3.2 × 10 CFU/kg). The trial lasted for 8 weeks, and samples were collected at the last week. Results revealed that DSM5749 significantly improved laying performance, including an increase in egg production rate and average daily egg yield, and a decrease in the feed-to-egg ratio during the entire 8-week experimental period ( < 0.05). DSM5749 increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and decreased the IL-1 level in the serum ( < 0.05). In addition, the integrity of intestinal morphology (villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth), tight junctions (, , and Occludin), and lipase vitality in the intestine were potentiated by DSM5749 in laying hens ( < 0.05). DSM5749 decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio ( < 0.05) in the cecum. Furthermore, DSM5749 modulated the microbiota in the cecum of the laying hens, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., ) at the genus level and decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogens (e.g., ). In conclusion, DSM5749 can improve laying performance, promote intestinal health, affect the composition of cecal microorganisms, and regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance, making a good probiotic candidate for application in the laying hens industry.
PubMed: 35571886
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868093 -
Microorganisms Sep 2021Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for...
Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Two of the species used as probiotics are and . Macrophages are central cells in the immune response, being fundamental in the elimination of microbial pathogens, for which they use various mechanisms, including the formation of extracellular traps (METs). There have been very few studies carried out on the participation of macrophages in response to the interaction of probiotics of the genus with the host. In this work, we used macrophages from the J774A mouse cell line.1, and we found that they are susceptible to infection by the two species. However, both species were eliminated as the infection progressed. Using confocal microscopy, we identified the formation of METs from the first hours of infection, which were characterized by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone (Hit3Cit). Quantitative data on extracellular DNA release were also obtained; release was observed starting in the first hour of infection. The induction of METs by caused a significant decrease in the colony-forming units (CFU) of . The induction of METS by bacteria of the genus is a mechanism that participates in controlling the probiotic and potentially pathogenic bacteria such as . The induction of METs to control pathogens may be a novel mechanism that could explain the beneficial effects of probiotics of the genus
PubMed: 34683348
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102027 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Jul 2022Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger...
Bacillus licheniformis PF9 improves barrier function and alleviates inflammatory responses against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infection in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
BACKGROUND
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses. Although Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to enhance intestinal health, it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of B. licheniformis in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) when stimulated with ETEC F4.
METHODS
In the present study, the effects of B. licheniformis PF9 on the release of pro-inflammation cytokines, cell integrity and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were evaluated in ETEC F4-induced IPEC-J2 cells.
RESULTS
B. licheniformis PF9 treatment was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 during ETEC F4 infection. Furthermore, the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated upstream related genes of NF-κB signaling pathway has been significantly inhibited. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB during ETEC F4 infection with B. licheniformis PF9 treatment. The immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that B. licheniformis PF9 increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN) in ETEC F4-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, the B. licheniformis PF9 could alleviate the injury of epithelial barrier function assessed by the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability assay. Interestingly, B. licheniformis PF9 protect IPEC-J2 cells against ETEC F4 infection by decreasing the gene expressions of virulence-related factors (including luxS, estA, estB, and elt) in ETEC F4.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our results suggest that B. licheniformis PF9 might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through blocking the NF-κB signaling pathways. Besides, B. licheniformis PF9 displayed a significant role in the enhancement of IPEC-J2 cell integrity.
PubMed: 35799262
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00746-8 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2022() is a safe probiotic that can promote animal growth and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess the effects of , one green feed additive, on growth...
() is a safe probiotic that can promote animal growth and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess the effects of , one green feed additive, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, immune function, fecal volatile fatty acids, and microflora structure in weaned piglets. Weaned piglets ( = 180) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg per kg and 1000 mg per kg, respectively. The dietary 500 mg/kg inclusion improved the average daily gain, reduced diarrhea incidence, and strengthened antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with presented increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) compared to the CON group. Meanwhile, the expression of anti-inflammation factors was increased, and the levels of pro-inflammation factors were reduced after administration. Moreover, the levels of volatile fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid, in the BL500 and BL1000 groups were increased compared with the CON group, and the concentration of valeric acid was higher in the BL500 group. Furthermore, piglets in the 500 mg/kg addition group significantly altered fecal microbiota by increasing and . In conclusion, dietary relieved diarrhea, enhanced antioxidant capacity, immunity function, and fecal microflora structure in weaned pigs.
PubMed: 35804509
DOI: 10.3390/ani12131609 -
Biotechnology Advances Nov 2022Microbial biosurfactants have attracted the attention of researchers and companies for the last decades, as they are considered promising candidates to replace chemical... (Review)
Review
Microbial biosurfactants have attracted the attention of researchers and companies for the last decades, as they are considered promising candidates to replace chemical surfactants in numerous applications. Although in the last years, considerable advances were performed regarding strain engineering and the use of low-cost substrates in order to reduce their production costs, one of the main bottlenecks is their production at industrial scale. Conventional aerobic biosurfactant production processes result in excessive foaming, due to the use of high agitation and aeration rates necessary to increase dissolved oxygen concentration to allow microbial growth and biosurfactant production. Different approaches have been studied to overcome this problem, although with limited success. A not widely explored alternative is the development of foam-free processes through the anaerobic growth of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. Surfactin, produced by Bacillus subtilis, is the most widely studied lipopeptide biosurfactant, and the most powerful biosurfactant known so far. Bacillus licheniformis strains produce lichenysin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant which structure is similar to surfactin. However, despite its extraordinary surface-active properties and potential applications, lichenysin has been scarcely studied. According to previous studies, B. licheniformis is better adapted to anaerobic growth than B. subtilis, and could be a good alternative for the anaerobic production of lipopeptide biosurfactants. In this review, the potential and limitations of surfactin and lichenysin production under anaerobic conditions will be analyzed, and the possibility of implementing foam-free processes for lichenysin production, in order to expand the market and applications of biosurfactants in different fields, will be discussed.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacillus; Bacillus licheniformis; Lipopeptides; Oxygen; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 35752271
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108013 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022
PubMed: 36185676
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1023011 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022-fermented products (BLFP) are probiotics with antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties that can improve growth performance. This study aimed to...
-fermented products (BLFP) are probiotics with antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties that can improve growth performance. This study aimed to compare the fecal microbiota of diarrheal cats with chronic diarrhea ( = 8) with that of healthy cats ( = 4) from the same household using next-generation sequencing, and evaluate the effectiveness of oral administration of BLFP in relieving clinical signs and altering the intestinal microbiota in diarrheal cats. Six out of eight diarrheal cats showed clinical improvement after BLFP administration for 7 days, and the stool condition of the other two was normal. A higher / ratio was noted in the feces of diarrheal cats without clinical improvement as compared with those in the healthy cats and in the diarrheal cats with clinical improvement after receiving BLFP. The phylum and class decreased significantly in diarrheal cats regardless of BLFP administration. spp., , and which belong to the cluster XIVa and have been reported as beneficial to intestinal health, increased significantly in feces after treatment. Furthermore, also significantly decreased in diarrheal cats after BLFP administration. Overall, BLFP could be a potential probiotic to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms and improve fecal microbiota in cats with chronic diarrhea.
PubMed: 36077904
DOI: 10.3390/ani12172187