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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Intensive poultry farming faces challenges like gut inflammation in the absence of antibiotics, resulting in reduced productivity, heightened susceptibility to enteric...
The impact of TS2 isolated from yaks on growth performance, gut microbial community, antioxidant activity, and cytokines related to immunity and inflammation in broilers.
Intensive poultry farming faces challenges like gut inflammation in the absence of antibiotics, resulting in reduced productivity, heightened susceptibility to enteric diseases, and other complications. Alternative strategies are needed to manage inflammation and maintain sustainable poultry production. Yaks living in high-altitude hypoxic environments have specialized gut microbes. However, yak probiotics remain largely uncharacterized. We previously isolated a strain of (named TS2) from yaks and demonstrated its potential as a probiotic . Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the growth-promoting, antioxidant, immune, and anti-inflammatory effects of isolated from yaks in broilers. We demonstrated the safety of TS2 isolated from yaks in broilers. Furthermore, we found that TS2 increased the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Supplementation with TS2 also improved the mucosal morphology, the ratio of villi to crypt cells, and enzyme activity. High-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of was higher in the TS2 treated broilers. Importantly, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased in the low-dose TS2 group, while the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated compared with the control group. We demonstrated that TS2 supplementation can increase the overall growth performance and ameliorate the blood parameters related to inflammation and immunity in broilers.
PubMed: 38737458
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1383262 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be severe leading to death. Natural compounds from...
BACKGROUND
Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be severe leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition.
AIM
This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from and as antibacterial agents.
METHODS
was collected from Western Libyan Coast and was collected from Farwa Island. The antimicrobial activity and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of algal flavonoid-containing extracts was performed against some positive and negative Gram bacteria.
RESULTS
Crude extract containing flavonoids from was more effective than extract against with antimicrobial essay (25-28 + 1 and 14.5-37.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (50 and 50-250 µg/ml), MBC (75 and 75-250 µg/ml). In the antimicrobial assay (19-24.5 + 0.5-1.5: 24 + 1), MIC (50-250 + 100 µg/ml), and MBC (250 and 125 µg/ml). On the other hand, flavonoids containing extract from were more effective than against Enterohemorrhagic O157 EHEC O157 (25-28 + 1: 14-18.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250:100-500 µg/ml), and MBC (150-250 and 250-500 µg/ml). qualitatively combat by flavonoid from (13.5-14 + 0.5-1: 10.5-13.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250: 250 µg/ml), and MBC (100-250: 250 µg/ml). Flavonoids from (4 strains: 2 strains) were effective against Crude flavonoids from both algae were not effective against
CONCLUSION
Data from this study could conclude that flavonoid extracts from could be used against foodborne bacterial agents.
Topics: Flavonoids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Caulerpa; Ulva; Plant Extracts; Foodborne Diseases; Animals
PubMed: 38682138
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.3 -
Life Sciences in Space Research May 2024The prevention and reduction of microbial species entering and leaving Earth's biosphere is a critical aspect of planetary protection research. While various...
The prevention and reduction of microbial species entering and leaving Earth's biosphere is a critical aspect of planetary protection research. While various decontamination methods exist and are currently utilized for planetary protection purposes, the use of far-UVC light (200-230 nm) as a means for microbial reduction remains underexplored. Unlike conventional germicidal ultraviolet at 254 nm, which can pose a health risk to humans even with small exposure doses, far-UVC light poses minimal health hazard making it a suitable candidate for implementation in occupied areas of spacecraft assembly facilities. This study investigates the efficacy of far-UVC 222-nm light to inactivate bacteria using microbial species which are relevant to planetary protection either in vegetative cell or spore form. All the tested vegetative cells demonstrated susceptibility to 222-nm exposure, although susceptibility varied among the tested species. Notably, Deinococcus radiodurans, a species highly tolerant to extreme environmental conditions, exhibited the most resistance to far-UVC exposure with a dose of 112 mJ/cm required for a 1-log reduction in survival. While spore susceptibility was similar across the species tested, Bacillus pumilus spores were the most resistant of the tested spores when analyzed with a bi-exponential cell killing model (D of 6.8 mJ/cm). Overall, these results demonstrate the efficacy of far-UVC light for reducing microbial bioburden to help ensure the success and safety of future space exploration missions.
Topics: Spacecraft; Ultraviolet Rays; Spores, Bacterial; Extremophiles; Deinococcus; Disinfection
PubMed: 38670653
DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.006 -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing Jul 2023A significant distinction between cigar production and tobacco lies in the necessary aging process, where intricate microbial growth, metabolic activities, enzymatic...
A significant distinction between cigar production and tobacco lies in the necessary aging process, where intricate microbial growth, metabolic activities, enzymatic catalysis, and chemical reactions interact. Despite its crucial role in determining the final quality of cigars, our comprehension of the underlying chemical and biological mechanisms within this process remains insufficient. Biomass and alkaloids are the primary constituents that influence the flavor of cigars. Consequently, investigating the entire aging process could begin by exploring the involvement of microbes and enzymes in their biodegradation. In this study, handmade cigars were aged under different conditions. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to identify the microbes and enzymes responsible for the degradation of biomass and alkaloids derived from tobacco leaves. The results revealed that various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, duration time, and turning frequency, yielded varying contents of total sugar and alkaloids in the cigars. Significant correlations were observed between microbial communities and starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and alkaloids. Key species involved in the breakdown of biomass constituents, such as starch (Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas sp. 286, and Aspergillus cristatus), reducing sugars and total sugars (Aspergillus cristatus and Nitrolancea hollandica), were identified. Furthermore, Corynespora cassiicola and Pseudomonas fulva were found to potentially contribute to the degradation of alkaloid compounds, specifically nornicotine and neonicotinoid. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the microbial roles in the aging of cigars. Moreover, the selection of specific microbial strains or starter cultures can be employed to control and manipulate the aging process, thereby further refining the flavor development in cigar products.
PubMed: 38647787
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00667-y -
Food Microbiology Aug 2024Pulsed light (PL) inactivates microorganisms by UV-rich, high-irradiance and short time pulses (250 μs) of white light with wavelengths from 200 nm to 1100 nm. PL is...
Pulsed light (PL) inactivates microorganisms by UV-rich, high-irradiance and short time pulses (250 μs) of white light with wavelengths from 200 nm to 1100 nm. PL is applied for disinfection of food packaging material and food-contact equipment. Spores of seven Bacillus ssp. strains and one Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain and conidia of filamentous fungi (One strain of Aspergillus brasiliensis, A. carbonarius and Penicillium rubens) were submitted to PL (fluence from 0.23 J/cm to 4.0 J/cm) and UVC (at λ = 254 nm; fluence from 0.01 J/cm to 3.0 J/cm). One PL flash at 3 J/cm allowed at least 3 log-reduction of all tested microorganisms. The emetic B. cereus strain F4810/72 was the most resistant of the tested spore-forming bacteria. The PL fluence to 3 log-reduction (F) of its spores suspended in water was 2.9 J/cm and F was 0.21 J/cm, higher than F and F of spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 2.0 J/cm and 0.15 J/cm, respectively), yet reported as a highly UV-resistant spore-forming bacterium. PL and UVC sensitivity of bacterial spores was correlated. Aspergillus spp. conidia suspended in water were poorly sensitive to PL. In contrast, PL inactivated Aspergillus spp. conidia spread on a dry surface more efficiently than UVC. The F of A. brasiliensis DSM1988 was 0.39 J/cm and F was 0.83 J/cm. The resistance of spore-forming bacteria to PL could be reasonably predicted from the knowledge of their UVC resistance. In contrast, the sensitivity of fungal conidia to PL must be specifically explored.
Topics: Spores, Bacterial; Spores, Fungal; Ultraviolet Rays; Light; Bacteria; Water
PubMed: 38637080
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104518 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2024A commercially significant species in the aquaculture sector globally, particularly in Egypt, is
BACKGROUND
A commercially significant species in the aquaculture sector globally, particularly in Egypt, is
AIM
The experiment's objective was to ascertain how Sanolife PRO-F impacted the growth, water quality, immunological response, and intestinal morphometry of .
METHODS
In the current investigation, which lasted 12 weeks, Sanolife PRO-F was administered to shrimp post-larvae at diet doses of 0 (control), 1 (group one), 2 (group two), and 3 (group three) g/kg diet, respectively. Each experimental group had three repetitions.
RESULTS
In the current study, shrimp fed on probiotic-treated diets showed a considerable improvement in growth performance measures and survival rate, and the nonspecific immune response was also enhanced. Shrimp fed probiotic diets had longer and more intestinal villi overall. Shrimp fed on the G2 and G3 diets showed no appreciable differences in growth or intestinal morphology. With the G2 and G3 diet, the water had lower concentrations of nitrite and ammonia.
CONCLUSION
The study's findings indicate that Sanolife PRO-F treatment at 2-3 g/kg feed promotes the growth of shrimp, immunological response, gut health and function, and water quality.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus pumilus; Water Quality; Immunity, Innate; Penaeidae; Probiotics
PubMed: 38633157
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.13 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Jun 2024Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from (L) Walp extracted leaves, and characterized. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak between 411 and 415 nm at the...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from (L) Walp extracted leaves, and characterized. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak between 411 and 415 nm at the Plasmon absorbance of the AgNPs. TEM showed that the size of AgNPs ranged from 5 to 13 nm. It was spherical with an average size of 11.08 nm. The size of AgNPs was 7 ± 6 nm and disperse in water. The AgNPs effectively reduced 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH. The AgNPs exhibited a strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria: (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumonia and Gram-positive: and . The average zones of inhibition of AgNPs were: 29 mm for , 23 mm for , 17 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia and 15 mm for (E. coli). Thus, AgNPs has exhibted good antibacterial activity compared to antibiotics drug and 4-NP reduction.
PubMed: 38590717
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00838 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024A bacteria capable of degrading aflatoxin M (AFM) was isolated from African elephant manure. It was identified as by 16s rDNA sequencing and named E-1-1-1. Compared...
A bacteria capable of degrading aflatoxin M (AFM) was isolated from African elephant manure. It was identified as by 16s rDNA sequencing and named E-1-1-1. Compared with physical and chemical methods, biological methods have attracted much attention due to their advantages, such as thorough detoxification, high specificity, and environmental friendliness. This work aimed to study the effects of a recombinant catalase (rCAT) from E-1-1-1 on the degradation of AFM in pattern solution. The degradation mechanism was further explored and applied to milk and beer. Kinetic Momentum and Virtual Machine Maximum values for rCAT toward AFM were 4.1 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL/min, respectively. The rCAT-mediated AFM degradation product was identified as CHO. Molecular docking simulations suggested that hydrogen and pi bonds played major roles in the steadiness of AFM-rCAT. In other work, compared with identical density of AFM, survival rates of Hep-G2 cells incubated with catalase-produced AFM degradation products increased by about 3 times. In addition, degradation rates in lager beer and milk were 31.3% and 47.2%, respectively. Therefore, CAT may be a prospective substitute to decrease AFM contamination in pattern solution, milk, and beer, thereby minimizing its influence on human health.
PubMed: 38540878
DOI: 10.3390/foods13060888 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2024F12-21 is a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a sulfur-enriched salt spring. F12-21 inhibits bacteria of human health interest and bacterial salt spring...
F12-21 is a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a sulfur-enriched salt spring. F12-21 inhibits bacteria of human health interest and bacterial salt spring co-inhabitants. We report the genome of F12-21, with a predicted genome of 3.77 Mbp containing 3,732 protein-coding genes, 80 tRNAs, and 24 rRNAs.
PubMed: 38501782
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00911-23 -
Access Microbiology 2024() is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacteria that has rarely been implicated in extraintestinal infections, mostly in immunocompromised hosts. The authors report a case of...
() is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacteria that has rarely been implicated in extraintestinal infections, mostly in immunocompromised hosts. The authors report a case of cellulitis with bacteremia in a person who injects drugs living with human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus (HIV-HCV) co-infection. Although similar cases have been reported for some species of the genus, namely () and ), this case reinforces the importance of considering other spp. as potential pathogens in skin and soft tissue infections and bloodstream infections related to intravenous drug use.
PubMed: 38482346
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000398