-
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex," have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex," have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting primarily in the trachea, known as hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome (HTS), has been described in pigs. HTS is characterized by severe coughing and high mortality in finishing pigs.
CASE DESCRIPTION
This report presents the first case of HTS in an adult male pig from a Portuguese farm. The animal died without any previous clinical signs. Necropsy revealed significant thickening of the trachea. Fibrinous necrotic hemorrhagic tracheitis was identified through histopathological analysis, but no bacterial infectious agents were detected during microbiological examination.
CONCLUSION
This case underscores the need for comprehensive research, including systematic necropsies and histopathological assessments, to understand the actual prevalence of the disease, elucidate the etiology, and develop effective interventions for HTS in swine productions.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Male; Portugal; Swine Diseases; Tracheitis; Fatal Outcome; Hemorrhage; Syndrome
PubMed: 38682145
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.21 -
Cureus Mar 2024A deep neck abscess is a relatively rare bacterial infection in infants that can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications. Mostly, the patients present...
A deep neck abscess is a relatively rare bacterial infection in infants that can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications. Mostly, the patients present with fever and neck pain. Some may present with dysphonia, sore throat, torticollis, trismus, or neck swelling. Early diagnosis and management can prevent life-threatening complications, such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and tracheitis. In this report, we present a case of a six-month-old infant presenting with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses with prompt diagnosis leading to complete recovery of the patient.
PubMed: 38576697
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55543 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 25-day-old male common bottlenose dolphin () died suddenly while swimming at a dolphinarium. The gross examination revealed ulceration on the dorsal and pectoral fins...
A 25-day-old male common bottlenose dolphin () died suddenly while swimming at a dolphinarium. The gross examination revealed ulceration on the dorsal and pectoral fins and rostrum. Severe congestion, hemorrhage, and edema were observed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Fibrinosuppurative arthritis of the atlantooccipital joint and extension of fibrin into the spinal canal caused compression of the spinal cord. Histopathological examination revealed tracheitis, fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia and enteritis. In the central nervous system, meningeal vessel congestion in the brain, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages with neurodegeneration were observed in the spinal cord. Based on the histopathological findings, representative samples, including lung, liver, mesenteric lymph node, blood obtained from the jugular vein, and fluid sample of the ascites, were inoculated on tryptic soy agar and blood agar for routine bacterial isolation. Each isolated bacterial colony was streaked aseptically onto tryptic soy agar and blood agar for pure culture. After then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for further identification of pathogenic microorganisms. PCR identified , , , and . was considered the primary etiologic agent in this case since it was the only species identified in all representative samples. The cause of death in this animal was sepsis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of neonatal sepsis associated with infection in a dolphin, and suggests as an opportunistic pathogen associated with sepsis in dolphins.
PubMed: 37822952
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1242599 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023No existing comprehensive Mendelian randomization studies have focused on how obesity affects respiratory diseases.
BACKGROUND
No existing comprehensive Mendelian randomization studies have focused on how obesity affects respiratory diseases.
METHODS
BMI and waist circumference, mainly from the UK Biobank, and 35 respiratory diseases from the FinnGen Biobank were subjected to Mendelian randomization analyses. In this study, the inverse variance weighting method was used as the predominant analysis method and was complemented by MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Horizontal pleiotropy and potential outliers were detected by employing the MR-PRESSO method.
RESULTS
This study indicated that obesity rises the possibility of acute upper respiratory infections (BMI: OR=1.131, p<0.0001; WC: OR=1.097, p=0.00406), acute sinusitis (BMI: OR=1.161, p=0.000262; WC: OR=1.209, p=0.000263), acute pharyngitis (WC: OR=1.238, p=0.0258), acute laryngitis and tracheitis (BMI: OR=1.202, p=0.0288; WC: OR=1.381, p=0.00192), all influenza (BMI: OR=1.243, p=0.000235; WC: OR=1.206, p=0.0119), viral pneumonia (WC: OR=1.446, p=0.000870), all pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.174, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.272, p <0.0001), bacterial pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.183, p=0.000290; WC: OR=1.274, p<0.0001), acute bronchitis (BMI: OR=1.252, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.237, p=0.000268), acute unspecified lower respiratory infection (BMI: OR=1.303, p=0.000403), chronic tonsils and adenoids diseases (BMI: OR=1.236, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.178, p=0.000157), chronic laryngotracheitis and laryngitis (WC: OR=1.300, p=0.00785), COPD (BMI: OR=1.429, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.591, p <0.0001), asthma (BMI: OR=1.358, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.515, p <0.0001), necrotic and suppurative conditions of lower respiratory tract (WC: OR=1.405, p=0.0427), pleural effusion (BMI: OR=1.277, p=0.00225; WC: OR=1.561, p<0.0001), pleural plaque (BMI: OR=1.245, p=0.0312), other diseases of the respiratory system (BMI: OR=1.448, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.590, p <0.0001), and non-small cell lung cancer (BMI: OR=1.262, p=0.00576; WC: OR=1.398, p=0.00181). This study also indicated that obesity decreases the possibility of bronchiectasis (BMI: OR=0.705; p=0.00200).
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that obesity increases the risk of the majority of respiratory diseases (including 20 of all 35 respiratory diseases) and that obesity decreases the risk of bronchiectasis.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Laryngitis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Infections; Bronchiectasis
PubMed: 37711902
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1197730 -
Intensive Care Medicine Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Bronchitis; Tracheitis; Lung; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37256342
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07105-9 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A complete postmortem examination, including a computed tomography scan "virtopsy" (virtual necropsy), gross necropsy, cytology, histology, and molecular diagnostics...
A complete postmortem examination, including a computed tomography scan "virtopsy" (virtual necropsy), gross necropsy, cytology, histology, and molecular diagnostics were performed to investigate the cause of death of a deceased adult male Atlantic spotted dolphin () that stranded on Pensacola Beach, Florida, USA in February 2020. Significant findings included chronic inflammation of the meninges, brain, and spinal cord with intralesional protozoa (identified as 18S rRNA and ITS-1 sequences), suppurative fungal tracheitis and bronchopneumonia (identified as ITS-2 gene sequence) and ulcerative bacterial glossitis (associated with a novel species, Treponema stenella, identified 23S rRNA gene sequence). This is the first reported case of in a marine mammal. Little is understood about the epidemiology of , including the identity of its intermediate hosts. The findings of this case suggest that may be a capable aberrant host and experience morbidity and mortality from this parasite. It is suspected that the novel and infections were opportunistic or secondary to immunosuppression, either due to infection or other co-morbidities.
PubMed: 37077953
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1132161 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2022Necrotizing tracheitis is a rare condition, mainly seen in immunocompromised patients, that may lead to pseudomembrane formation, airway obstruction and in severe cases,...
Necrotizing tracheitis is a rare condition, mainly seen in immunocompromised patients, that may lead to pseudomembrane formation, airway obstruction and in severe cases, tracheal perforation. We present a case of a 32-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes who presented with productive cough, dysphagia, and respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy revealed extensive tracheal necrosis along a 4-5 cm segment of cartilaginous trachea and was complicated by tracheal perforation with false passage into the anterior mediastinum. Once the airway was re-established, a multidisciplinary team discussed options for definitive airway management, including tracheal reconstruction, pulmonary stent, or tracheostomy. Ultimately, a distal XLT tracheostomy was placed. Microbiology specimens of the tracheal tissue were positive for . The patient was started on long-term antibiotics and diabetes management. At three-month follow-up, the trachea was patent with near complete mucosalization of the previously necrotic segment. An area of proximal tracheal stenosis was successfully managed with a customized tracheal T-tube. In conclusion, this is a case of necrotizing tracheitis complicated by tracheal perforation. Successful treatment required a multidisciplinary team for airway management as well as medical treatment of immunocompromising risk factors and antimicrobial therapy. This enabled timely healing of the trachea and a durable airway.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Tracheitis; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases; Bacterial Infections; Tracheostomy; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36028929
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221123664 -
Cureus Mar 2022Acute pharyngitis is a common complaint in emergency department (ED), urgent care, and primary care settings. Most cases are due to bacterial or viral infections easily...
Acute pharyngitis is a common complaint in emergency department (ED), urgent care, and primary care settings. Most cases are due to bacterial or viral infections easily treated with antibiotics or supportive care. However, serious pathologies in the pharyngitis differential include Ludwig's angina, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and bacterial tracheitis. Rarely, oncologic conditions such as leukemia may initially present as pharyngitis in an acute care setting. We present a case of pharyngitis in a 32-year-old male ED patient with a final diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Knowledge of the appropriate ED evaluation of AML is key for accurate diagnosis and prompt referral to avoid unnecessary patient morbidity and mortality.
PubMed: 35464587
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23306 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2022There is limited data on pediatric ventilator-associated events (PedVAE) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting, since the CDC mandated state reporting of...
BACKGROUND
There is limited data on pediatric ventilator-associated events (PedVAE) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting, since the CDC mandated state reporting of these events in January 2019. This study sought to describe PedVAE rates and characteristics in the NICU population.
METHODS
Single-center case-control study of infants requiring mechanical ventilation in a 39-bed level IV NICU between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Baseline infant demographic, respiratory support and antibiotic use data was obtained and comparisons were performed between patients with potential PedVAEs and those without events.
RESULT
Two hundred and nine infants were mechanically ventilated. Two of the 126 patients ventilated for ≥4 days met CDC criteria for PedVAEs with a total of 3 events, and 32 (25%) received antibiotics with escalation of respiratory support, primarily for tracheitis.
CONCLUSION
NICU-specific data on PedVAE is limited. Only 2 infants in the study period met the current CDC criteria for PedVAE with a rate of 0.9 events per 1000 ventilator days. The current CDC PedVAE definition might be inadequate to identify actionable VAEs to inform prevention efforts in the NICU population, and alternate indices could better characterize these events.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Respiration, Artificial; United States; Ventilators, Mechanical
PubMed: 35392855
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03236-y