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MicrobiologyOpen Jun 2024Traditional bacteriocin screening methods often face limitations due to diffusion-related challenges in agar matrices, which can prevent the peptides from reaching their...
Traditional bacteriocin screening methods often face limitations due to diffusion-related challenges in agar matrices, which can prevent the peptides from reaching their target organism. Turbidimetric techniques offer a solution to these issues, eliminating diffusion-related problems and providing an initial quantification of bacteriocin efficacy in producer organisms. This study involved screening the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from eight uncharacterized asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) isolates and Escherichia coli 83972 for antimicrobial activity against clinical uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains using turbidimetric growth methods. ABU isolates exhibiting activity against five or more UPEC strains were further characterized (PUTS 37, PUTS 58, PUTS 59, S-07-4, and SK-106-1). The inhibition of the CFS by proteinase K suggested that the antimicrobial activity was proteinaceous in nature, potentially bacteriocins. The activity of E. coli PUTS 58 and SK-106-1 was enhanced in an artificial urine medium, with both inhibiting all eight UPECs. A putative microcin H47 operon was identified in E. coli SK-106-1, along with a previously identified microcin V and colicin E7 in E. coli PUTS 37 and PUTS 58, respectively. These findings indicate that ABU bacteriocin-producers could serve as viable prophylactics and therapeutics in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens.
Topics: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Bacteriuria; Humans; Escherichia coli Infections; Bacteriocins; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Biological Assay; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 38706434
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1411 -
Indian Journal of Nephrology 2024Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy can lead to symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI), with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. We...
BACKGROUND
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy can lead to symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI), with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the incidence, clinical and microbiological profile, and outcome of ASB in pregnant women attending our antenatal clinic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective study was conducted on 3769 pregnant women in a routine antenatal clinic at a tertiary care center. Participants were divided into two groups, ASB and non-bacteriuria. Data were collected in a standard proforma and analyzed using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 20.
RESULTS
The incidence of ASB was 3.29% (124/3769). Majority of the women were in the age group of 21-30 years (78.76%, = 89). (61.06%) was the most common organism isolated. Maternal anemia (30.08% and 2.93% in the ASB and non-bacteriuria groups, respectively), low birth weight (LBW; 42.5% and 27.98% in the ASB and non-bacteriuria groups, respectively), intrauterine death (4.4% and 1.4% in the ASB and non-bacteriuria groups, respectively), and preterm delivery (37.2% and 22.31% in the ASB and non-bacteriuria groups, respectively) were were associated with ASB ( = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
ASB was associated with maternal anemia, preterm delivery, intrauterine death, and LBW. Early detection and treatment of ASB may result in favorable maternal outcome.
PubMed: 38681000
DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_305_21 -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2024Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug...
BACKGROUND
Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug resistance issue, but the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria among HIV patients in Tigray, Ethiopia, are poorly understood. This study aims to identify the prevalence of UTI-causing bacteria, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors in HIV patients attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
METHOD
Clean-catch midstream urine samples (10-15 mL) were collected from HIV patients who are attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Samples were analyzed based on standard microbiological protocols using cysteine-lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Pure colonies of bacterial isolates were obtained by sub-culturing into Mac-Conkey, Manitol Salt agar and blood agar plates. The bacterial isolates were then identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and Gram staining methods. Gram-negative bacteria were identified using biochemical tests like triple sugar iron agar, Simon's citrate agar, lysine iron agar, urea, motility test, and indol test, whereas Gram-positive isolates were identified using catalase and coagulase tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
RESULTS
Among the 224 patients, 28 (12.5%) of them had been infected by UTIs-causing bacteria. E. coli was the dominant bacterium (16 (57%)) followed by K. pneumoniae (4 (14%)), and S. aureus (3 (11%)). Of the total bacterial isolates, 22 (78.6%) of them developed multi-drug resistance. All Gram-positive (100%) and 75% of Gram-negative bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to two or more drugs. Patients with a history of UTIs, and with CD count < 200 cells/ mm, were more likely to have significant bacteriuria. Compared to male patients, female patients were more affected by the UTIs-causing bacteria. More than 93% of the UTIs-causing bacterial isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin; whereas they are highly resistant to ampicillin (96%), cotrimoxazole (82%) and tetracycline (71%).
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the bacterial isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline. Female patients were more affected by the UTIs causing bacteria. The highest prevalence (12.5%) of UTIs in HIV patients needs special attention for better management and monitoring. Previous UTI history and immune suppression are predictors of UTIs, highlighting the need for intervention measures involving molecular studies to identify resistant bacteria genes and promote patient immune reconstitution.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Urinary Tract Infections; Female; Adult; HIV Infections; Male; Risk Factors; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Prevalence; Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38678188
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03297-2 -
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare... 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.117.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.117.].
PubMed: 38655019
DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.65 -
Indian Journal of Nephrology 2024There is a paucity of studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in developing countries. This study assessed the clinical...
INTRODUCTION
There is a paucity of studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in developing countries. This study assessed the clinical profile, risk factors, outcomes, and impact of treatment of ASB in KTRs with a normal genitourinary tract.
METHODS
Consecutive KTRs from 2009 to 2018 with no clinical or radiological evidence of obstructive uropathy were included. Urinary tract infection (UTI) after ASB was defined as occurrence of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis, with ASB being the first bacteriuric episode.
RESULTS
Seven hundred ten out of 794 patients with median follow up of 47 months were included. The mean age was 35.5 ± 12 years. Eighty-one patients (11.4%) developed ASB at a median of 25 days (IQR 10, 134.5). Fifty-three percent and 4.9% of ASB episodes were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive and carbapenem-resistant organisms, respectively. Eighteen patients (32.1%) with early ASB (<3 months) and 5 (20%) with late ASB developed UTI on follow-up. Fifty-five percent of early and 16% of late ASB episodes were treated, with no significant difference observed in the risk of development of UTI when compared to untreated ASB episodes.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of ASB as first bacteriuric episode in our cohort was 11.4%, with there being significant antimicrobial resistance. Female gender, pretransplant UTI, and delayed graft function were independently associated with development of ASB. Treatment of ASB episodes either early or late did not decrease the risk of development of UTI.
PubMed: 38645908
DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_407_22 -
Nefrologia Apr 2024Studies analyzing non-antibiotic alternatives in kidney transplant UTI's are lacking. d-Mannose, a simple sugar, inhibits bacterial attachment to the urothelium, as does...
Randomized clinical trial of non-antibiotic prophylaxis with d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs. Proanthocyanidins alone for urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in de novo kidney transplant recipients: The Manotras study.
BACKGROUND
Studies analyzing non-antibiotic alternatives in kidney transplant UTI's are lacking. d-Mannose, a simple sugar, inhibits bacterial attachment to the urothelium, as does Proanthocyanidins; both could act as a synergic strategy preventing UTI; nonetheless their efficacy and safety have not been evaluated in kidney transplant population yet.
METHODS
This is a pilot prospective, double-blind randomized trial. Sixty de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized (1:1) to receive a prophylactic strategy based on a 24-h prolonged release formulation of d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) alone. The supplements were taken for the first 3 months after kidney transplant and then followed up for 3 months as well. The main objective of the study was to search if the addition of Mannose to PAC alone reduced the incidence of UTI and/or asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first 6 months post-transplantation.
RESULTS
27% of patients experienced one UTI episode (cystitis or pyelonephritis) while asymptomatic bacteriuria was very common (57%). Incidences according UTI type or AB were: 7% vs. 4% for cystitis episode (p 0.3), 4% vs. 5% for pyelonephritis (p 0.5) and 17% vs. 14% for asymptomatic bacteriuria (p 0.4) for patients in the Mannose+PAC group vs. PAC group respectively. The most frequent bacteria isolated in both groups was Escherichia coli (28% of all episodes), UTI or AB due to E. coli was not different according to study group (30% vs. 23% for Mannose+PAC vs. PAC alone p 0.37).
CONCLUSIONS
Non-antibiotic therapy is an unmet need to prevent UTI after kidney transplantation; however, the use of d-Mannose plus PAC does not seem capable to prevent it.
PubMed: 38637262
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.02.011 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Mar 2024Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial complication in pregnancy. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial etiology of UTI...
INTRODUCTION
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial complication in pregnancy. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial etiology of UTI during pregnancy and determine the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs in treating UTIs.
METHODOLOGY
Urine specimens and clinical data were collected from pregnant women who attended primary health centers in Erbil, Iraq. All specimens were cultured on appropriate media and identified by standard microbiological methods. The pregnant women were grouped into symptomatic UTI group, asymptomatic bacteriuria group, and the control group. The agar dilution method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility.
RESULTS
Among the 5,042 pregnant women included in this study, significant bacteriuria was found in 625 (12.40%) of the cases, and 198 (31.68%) had symptomatic UTI, of which 43.59% were diagnosed during the third trimester. Out of the 643 bacteria isolated, 33.28% were symptomatic UTI, of which 43.59% developed during the third trimester. There was a significant difference in the bacterial etiology between symptomatic UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (p = 0.002), as well as between cystitis and pyelonephritis (p = 0.017). The most common bacterial species isolated was Escherichia coli, which was susceptible to fosfomycin (100%), meropenem (99.45%), and nitrofurantoin (97.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnant women are more likely to develop UTI in the third trimester. Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen. The study suggests the use of fosfomycin, meropenem, and nitrofurantoin for the treatment of UTI. No Gram-positive isolates were resistant to daptomycin.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Bacteriuria; Nitrofurantoin; Fosfomycin; Pregnant Women; Meropenem; Urinary Tract Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38635608
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18239 -
Health Science Reports Apr 2024Antibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Antibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing countries. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze these patterns in bacteria isolated from the urine samples of patients at Mughda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
METHODS
A retrospective study (January 2019 to December 2020) at Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, examined clinical and laboratory data from patients with positive urine cultures (≥10 CFU/mL). The study classified patients into four age groups: children (1-<18 years), young adults (18-<33 years), middle-aged adults (33-50 years), and old adults (>50 years). The standard Kirby-Bauer method was used to assess antibiotic sensitivity to 28 common antibiotics.
RESULTS
Among 243 positive urine cultures in both community- and hospital-acquired UTIs, was the most common uropathogen (65.84%), followed by spp. (12.34%), spp. (8.23%), and other types of bacteria.
CONCLUSION
Old adults are particularly vulnerable to UTIs, with being the predominant causative agent in the study region. The observed antimicrobial resistance patterns underscore the necessity of judicious antibiotic selection to effectively treat UTIs across different age groups.
PubMed: 38617042
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2039 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Mar 2024Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in renal transplant are important antimicrobial stewardship targets but are difficult to identify within electronic...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in renal transplant are important antimicrobial stewardship targets but are difficult to identify within electronic medical records. We validated an "electronic phenotype" of antibacterials prescribed for these indications. This may be more useful than billing data in assessing antibiotic indication in this outpatient setting.
PubMed: 38533270
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae119