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Brain, Behavior, and Immunity May 2022Gut microbiome disturbances have been widely implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), although the identity of causal microbial species and the underlying...
Gut microbiome disturbances have been widely implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), although the identity of causal microbial species and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that Bacteroides species enriched in the gut microbiome from MDD patients differentially impact the susceptibility to depressive behaviors. Transplantation of fecal microbiome from MDD patients into antibiotic-treated mice induced anxiety and despair-like behavior and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Colonization of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides uniformis, and, to a lesser extent, Bacteroides caccae, but not Bacteroides ovatus, recapitulated the negative effects of MDD microbiome on behavior and neurogenesis. The varying impacts of Bacteroides species were partially explained by differential alternations of tryptophan pathway metabolites and neurotransmitters along the gut-brain axis. Notably, an intensified depletion of cerebral serotonin concurred with the enhanced susceptibility to depression. Together, these findings identify select Bacteroidetes species that contribute to depression susceptibility in mice by metabolic regulation along the gut-brain axis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice
PubMed: 35143877
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.007 -
Clinical Laboratory Dec 2019Bacteroides caccae is a ubiquitous, anaerobic bacteria, but it is not a common cause of pathologic bloodstream infection. Diabetic patients are at increased risk of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bacteroides caccae is a ubiquitous, anaerobic bacteria, but it is not a common cause of pathologic bloodstream infection. Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing anaerobic bacteria infection. Here, we report a repeated fever case caused by Bacteroides caccae in a diabetic patient. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and manifestations of Bacteroides caccae.
METHODS
The pathogenic bacteria isolated from patient blood was identified as Bacteroides caccae. Identification of the Bacteroides caccae was done by 16s rDNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of light spectrometry. The infection was cured by one-week combined therapy of intravenous Piperacillin tazobactam and oral Ornidazole tablet.
RESULTS
After treatment had been completed, no episodes of fever occurred during the follow-up to date.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacteroides caccae is regarded as an intestinal, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. It can invade the mucosa of the intestine and cause various abdominal suppurative infections. Sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectrometry could have a role for Bacteroides caccae diagnosis. The curative effect of using first generation cephalosporines therapy was unsatisfactory. Using intravenous Piperacillin tazobactam and ornidazole tablet might obtain certain curative effect. Early diagnosis and appropriate anti-infection therapy were necessary to improve the outcome of patients with Bacteroides caccae bloodstream infection.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fever; Humans; Middle Aged; Ornidazole; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
PubMed: 31850719
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190534 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2023Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, members of the family , are among the first microbes to colonize the human infant gut. While it is known that these microbes can be...
Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, members of the family , are among the first microbes to colonize the human infant gut. While it is known that these microbes can be transmitted from mother to child, our understanding of the specific strains that are shared and potentially transmitted is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the shared strains of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola in mothers and their infants. We analyzed fecal samples from pregnant woman recruited at 18 weeks of gestation from the PreventADALL study, as well as offspring samples from early infancy, including skin swab samples taken within 10 min after birth, the first available fecal sample (meconium), and fecal samples at 3 months of age. We screened 464 meconium samples for , with subsequent selection of 144 mother-child pairs for longitudinal analysis, based on the presence of , longitudinal sample availability, and delivery mode. Our results showed that members were mainly detected in samples from vaginally delivered infants. We identified high prevalences of Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phocaeicola dorei, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mothers and vaginally born infants. However, at the strain level, we observed high prevalences of only two strains: a B. caccae strain and a P. vulgatus strain. Notably, the B. caccae strain was identified as a novel component of mother-child shared strains, and its high prevalence was also observed in publicly available metagenomes worldwide. Our findings suggest that mode of delivery may play a role in shaping the early colonization of the infant gut microbiota, in particular the colonization of members. Our study provides evidence that strains present on infants' skin within 10 min after birth, in meconium samples, and in fecal samples at 3 months of age in vaginally delivered infants are shared with their mothers. Using strain resolution analyses, we identified two strains, belonging to Bacteroides caccae and Phocaeicola vulgatus, as shared between mothers and their infants. Interestingly, the B. caccae strain showed a high prevalence worldwide, while the P. vulgatus strain was less common. Our findings also showed that vaginal delivery was associated with early colonization of members, whereas cesarean section delivery was associated with delayed colonization. Given the potential for these microbes to influence the colonic environment, our results suggest that understanding the bacterial-host relationship at the strain level may have implications for infant health and development later in life.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Bacteroidaceae; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Bacteroides; Feces; Mother-Child Relations
PubMed: 37338379
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00789-23 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022In clinical practice, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and has shown certain effects. However, the...
In clinical practice, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and has shown certain effects. However, the selection of FMT donors and the mechanism underlying the effect of FMT intervention in IBD require further exploration. In this study, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice were used to determine the differences in the protection of colitis symptoms, inflammation, and intestinal barrier, by FMT from two donors. Intriguingly, pre-administration of healthy bacterial fluid significantly relieved the symptoms of colitis compared to the ulcerative colitis (UC) bacteria. In addition, healthy donor (HD) bacteria significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and various pro-inflammatory factors, in colitis mice, and increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Metagenomic sequencing indicated higher species diversity and higher abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria in the HD intervention group, including , , , short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacterium , and secondary bile acids (SBAs)-producing bacterium . In the UC intervention group, the SCFA-producing bacterium , IBD-related bacterium , , and the conditional pathogen , were more abundant. Metabolomics analysis showed that the two types of FMT significantly modulated the metabolism of DSS-induced mice. Moreover, compared with the UC intervention group, indoleacetic acid and unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, DPA, and EPA) with anti-inflammatory effects were significantly enriched in the HD intervention group. In summary, these results indicate that FMT can alleviate the symptoms of colitis, and the effect of HD intervention is better than that of UC intervention. This study offers new insights into the mechanisms of FMT clinical intervention in IBD.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dextran Sulfate; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice
PubMed: 35237276
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836542 -
The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2021is an anaerobic bacterium with a reportedly high isolation rate; however, it rarely causes bloodstream infections. Patients with hypertension are at increased risk of...
is an anaerobic bacterium with a reportedly high isolation rate; however, it rarely causes bloodstream infections. Patients with hypertension are at increased risk of developing anaerobic bacterial infection. In this study, we report a case of bacteremia caused by in a patient with renal hypertension and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This study describes the clinical manifestations of bloodstream infection involving to provide guidance for laboratory technicians and clinicians. A 42-year-old Chinese man was admitted for gastrointestinal hemorrhage and subsequently diagnosed with anaerobic blood infection. The pathogenic bacteria isolated from anaerobic blood culture bottles were identified as by using an automatic bacterial identification instrument and mass spectrometry (MS). is an intestinal opportunistic pathogen that can invade the intestinal mucosa and cause anaerobic bloodstream infection. Two or more sets of blood cultures and MS identification can greatly improve the positive detection rate of blood cultures of anaerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the increased drug resistance of anaerobic bacteria necessitates drug sensitivity tests for anaerobic bacteria in many hospitals. Thus, the early prevention and control of primary diseases with appropriate diagnoses and timely anti-infection therapies are necessary to reduce bloodstream infection.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroides; Base Composition; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sepsis; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34704482
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211047277 -
Nature Communications Oct 2023Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the contribution of specific bacteria to the risk of severe malaria is unknown. Here, multiomics approaches demonstrate that specific species of Bacteroides are causally linked to the risk of severe malaria. Plasmodium yoelii hyperparasitemia-resistant mice gavaged with murine-isolated Bacteroides fragilis develop P. yoelii hyperparasitemia. Moreover, Bacteroides are significantly more abundant in Ugandan children with severe malarial anemia than with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection. Human isolates of Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides ovatus were able to cause susceptibility to severe malaria in mice. While monocolonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides alone is insufficient to cause susceptibility to hyperparasitemia, meta-analysis across multiple studies support a main role for Bacteroides in susceptibility to severe malaria. Approaches that target gut Bacteroides present an opportunity to prevent severe malaria and associated deaths.
Topics: Child; Humans; Animals; Mice; Microbial Consortia; Malaria; Bacteroides; Bacteroides fragilis; Anemia; Plasmodium yoelii
PubMed: 37833304
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42235-0 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2017This is the first prospective study of the effects of human gut microbiota and metabolites on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICT) response in metastatic melanoma patients....
Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients.
This is the first prospective study of the effects of human gut microbiota and metabolites on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICT) response in metastatic melanoma patients. Whereas many melanoma patients exhibit profound response to ICT, there are fewer options for patients failing ICT-particularly with BRAF-wild-type disease. In preclinical studies, specific gut microbiota promotes regression of melanoma in mice. We therefore conducted a study of the effects of pretreatment gut microbiota and metabolites on ICT Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response in 39 metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab (IN), or pembrolizumab (P). IN yielded 67% responses and 8% stable disease; P achieved 23% responses and 23% stable disease. ICT responders for all types of therapies were enriched for Bacteroides caccae. Among IN responders, the gut microbiome was enriched for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, and Holdemania filiformis. Among P responders, the microbiome was enriched for Dorea formicogenerans. Unbiased shotgun metabolomics revealed high levels of anacardic acid in ICT responders. Based on these pilot studies, both additional confirmatory clinical studies and preclinical testing of these bacterial species and metabolites are warranted to confirm their ICT enhancing activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Analysis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Metabolomics; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28923537
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004 -
Microorganisms Oct 2020Arabinogalactan (AG) has been studied as a potential prebiotic in view of stimulating bifidobacteria presence in the gut microbiota. However, bifidobacteria prefer...
Arabinogalactan (AG) has been studied as a potential prebiotic in view of stimulating bifidobacteria presence in the gut microbiota. However, bifidobacteria prefer fermentation of oligosaccharides to that of polysaccharides. The contribution of other gut bacteria may allow better growth of bifidobacteria on AG. β-galactanases and β-galactosidases are the main enzymes for the degradation of AG. Additional enzymes such as α-L-arabinofuranosidase and β-L-arabinopyranosidase are required to remove the arabinose side chains. All of these predicted functions are encoded by the genomes of both subsp. NCC 2705 and ATCC 43185. However, neither strain was able to grow significantly on AG, with 25% ( subsp. NCC 2705) and 39% ( ATCC 43185) of AG degraded after 48-h fermentation, respectively. In this study, the β-galactanase, β-galactosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, and β-L-arabinopyranosidase from both strains were investigated. The extracellular β-galactosidases of both subsp. NCC 2705 and ATCC 43185 were able to cleave the β-1,3; 1,4 and 1,6 linkages. However, the β-galactosidase activity of subsp. NCC 2705 was weaker for the β-1,4 linkage, compared with the β-1,3 and 1,6 linkages. The arabinose side chains of AG inhibited the cleavage of β-1,3 and 1,6 linkages by the endo-β-galactanase from both strains, and partially inhibited the cleavage of β-1,4 linkages by the endo-β-1,4 galactanase from ATCC 43185. The α-L-arabinofuranosidase and β-L-arabinopyranosidase from both strains were unable to cleave arabinose from AG under the conditions used. These results show limited breakdown of AG by these two strains in monoculture. When cocultured with ATCC 43185, subsp. NCC 2705 grew significantly better than in monoculture on AG after 6 h of fermentation ( < 0.05). The coculture showed 48% AG degradation after 48 h of fermentation, along with reduced pH. Furthermore, compared to monoculture of ATCC 43185, the concentration of succinate significantly increased from 0.01 ± 0.01 to 4.41 ± 0.61 mM, whereas propionate significantly decreased from 13.07 ± 0.37 to 9.75 ± 2.01 mM in the coculture ( < 0.05). These results suggest that the growth and metabolic activities of ATCC 43185 were restrained in the coculture, as the pH decreased due to the metabolism of subsp. NCC 2705.
PubMed: 33142707
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111703 -
MSystems Apr 2024The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and is significantly modulated by human diets. In addition to Western diets which are rich in proteins, high-protein...
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and is significantly modulated by human diets. In addition to Western diets which are rich in proteins, high-protein diets are used for specific populations or indications, mainly weight loss. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein supplementation on , a Gram-negative gut symbiont. The supplementation with whey proteins led to a significant increase in growth rate, final biomass, and short-chain fatty acids production. A comprehensive genomic analysis revealed that possesses a set of 156 proteases with putative intracellular and extracellular localization and allowed to identify amino acid transporters and metabolic pathways. We developed a fully curated genome-scale metabolic model of that incorporated its proteolytic activity and simulated its growth and production of fermentation-related metabolites in response to the different growth media. We validated the model by comparing the predicted phenotype to experimental data. The model accurately predicted 's growth and metabolite production ( = 0.92 for the training set and = 0.89 for the validation set). We found that accounting for both ATP consumption related to proteolysis, and whey protein accessibility is necessary for accurate predictions of metabolites production. These results provide insights into 's adaptation to a high-protein diet and its ability to utilize proteins as a source of nutrition. The proposed model provides a useful tool for understanding the feeding mechanism of in the gut microbiome.IMPORTANCEMicrobial proteolysis is understudied despite the availability of dietary proteins for the gut microbiota. Here, the proteolytic potential of the gut symbiont was analyzed for the first time using pan-genomics. This sketches a well-equipped bacteria for protein breakdown, capable of producing 156 different proteases with a broad spectrum of cleavage targets. This functional potential was confirmed by the enhancement of growth and metabolic activities at high protein levels. Proteolysis was included in a metabolic model which was fitted with the experiments and validated on external data. This model pinpoints the links between protein availability and short-chain fatty acids production, and the importance for to gain access to glutamate and asparagine to promote growth. This integrated approach can be generalized to other symbionts and upscaled to complex microbiota to get insights into the ecological impact of proteins on the gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Proteolysis; Bacteria; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Peptide Hydrolases; Bacteroides
PubMed: 38517169
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00153-24 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2001Commensal enteric bacteria are a required pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the identity of the pertinent bacterial species is unresolved. Using...
Commensal enteric bacteria are a required pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the identity of the pertinent bacterial species is unresolved. Using an IBD-associated pANCA monoclonal antibody, a 100-kDa protein was recently characterized from an IBD clinical isolate of Bacteroides caccae (p2Lc3). In this study, consensus oligonucleotides were designed from 100-kDa peptides and used to identify a single-copy gene from the p2Lc3 genome. Sequence analysis of the genomic clone revealed a 2,844-bp (948 amino acid) open reading frame encoding features typical of the TonB-linked outer membrane protein family. This gene, termed ompW, was detected by Southern analysis only in B. caccae and was absent in other species of Bacteroides and gram-negative coliforms. The closest homologues of OmpW included the outer membrane proteins SusC of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and RagA of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recombinant OmpW protein was immunoreactive with the monoclonal antibody, and serum anti-OmpW immunoglobulin A levels were elevated in a Crohn's disease patient subset. These findings suggest that OmpW may be a target of the IBD-associated immune response and reveal its structural relationship to a bacterial virulence factor of P. gingivalis and periodontal disease.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroides; Cloning, Molecular; Crohn Disease; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 11553542
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6044-6054.2001