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Oral Microbiology and Immunology Oct 1995Bacteroides heparinolyticus in subgingival plaque was identified using a digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic DNA probe and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bacteroides heparinolyticus in subgingival plaque was identified using a digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic DNA probe and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on 16S rRNA species-specific primers (5'-ATG GTG ATT CCG CAT GGT TTC TCC-3' (base position, 188-212) and 5'-CAA ACT TTC ACA GCT GAC TTA AGC-3' (592-615)). Subgingival specimens obtained by paper points from 3 deep periodontal pockets in each of 113 adults were examined. The DNA probe reacted with all pure isolates tested of B. heparinolyticus and did not react with other oral species tested; the probe showed positive reactions in 74.3% of the patient samples examined. The PCR primers produced the 428 bp species specific amplification product in all B. heparinolyticus test strains and did not reveal detectable amplicons with strains of other subgingival species. The PCR method detected 50 B. heparinolyticus cells dispersed in subgingival plaque. PCR only revealed B. heparinolyticus in 6.2% of the patient samples studied. The higher level of positive specimens with the DNA probe was probably due to false-positive reactions from cross-hybridization with unknown subgingival species. This study suggests that the PCR method amplifying specific 16S rRNA sequences represents an easy and valuable means to detect B. heparinolyticus in subgingival plaque. The low prevalence of subgingival B. heparinolyticus does not incriminate the organism in the etiology of adult periodontitis.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroides; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; rRNA Operon
PubMed: 8596670
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1995.tb00155.x -
Veterinary Microbiology Mar 1989One hundred and sixty-seven strains of Bacteroides were isolated from 71 subcutaneous fight-wound abscesses of cats, 21 cases of feline pyothorax, normal gingival...
One hundred and sixty-seven strains of Bacteroides were isolated from 71 subcutaneous fight-wound abscesses of cats, 21 cases of feline pyothorax, normal gingival margins from 10 cats and 6 cases of feline gingivitis. Bacteroides species constituted (as a proportion of all anaerobic isolates examined) 44.5% from subcutaneous abscesses, 33.7% from pyothoraxes, 37.5% from normal gingiva and 27.7% from diseased gingiva. Bacteroides tectum comprised 43.7% or 73 of 167 strains, followed by the black- or brown-pigmented asaccharolytic feline species of B. gingivalis, B. salivosus and Group B, comprising 32.3% or 54 of 167 strains. B. heparinolyticus (some 10% or 17 of 167 strains) was the next most common species described. The remainder consisted of two strains of B. fragilis and 21 unspeciated strains. Bacteroides tectum was frequently isolated from subcutaneous abscesses (43.7%) and pyothoraxes (46.6%), and it constituted some 33% of anaerobic isolated from normal gingiva. Bacteroides heparinolyticus was more commonly encountered in purulent lesions (abscesses and pyothoraxes) than in the oral cavity.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Cat Diseases; Cats; DNA, Bacterial; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
PubMed: 2718354
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(89)90073-4 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1988Heparinase (heparin lyase, EC 4.2.2.7) was isolated from the cell extract of an oral bacterium, Bacteroides heparinolyticus. It was a basic protein with an isoelectric...
Heparinase (heparin lyase, EC 4.2.2.7) was isolated from the cell extract of an oral bacterium, Bacteroides heparinolyticus. It was a basic protein with an isoelectric point of 9.5. Its molecular weight was 63,000. The enzyme was the most active against heparin among the tested mucopolysaccharides. Catalytic properties may be similar to those of heparinase of Flavobacterium heparinum, since the enzymatic degradation products obtained by using the two enzymes were the same on the basis of paper chromatography.
Topics: Bacteroides; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heparin Lyase; Isoelectric Focusing; Polysaccharide-Lyases
PubMed: 3384902
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.5.1070-1071.1988 -
Microbiome Aug 2017Metritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus caused by bacterial infection, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium. Bacteria from the...
BACKGROUND
Metritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus caused by bacterial infection, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium. Bacteria from the environment, feces, or vagina are believed to be the only sources of uterine contamination. Blood seeps into the uterus after calving; therefore, we hypothesized that blood could also be a seeding source of uterine bacteria. Herein, we compared bacterial communities from blood, feces, and uterine samples from the same cows at 0 and 2 days postpartum using deep sequencing and qPCR. The vaginal microbiome 7 days before calving was also compared.
RESULTS
There was a unique structure of bacterial communities by sample type. Principal coordinate analysis revealed two distinct clusters for blood and feces, whereas vaginal and uterine bacterial communities were more scattered, indicating greater variability. Cluster analysis indicated that uterine bacterial communities were more similar to fecal bacterial communities than vaginal and blood bacterial communities. Nonetheless, there were core genera shared by all blood, feces, vaginal, and uterine samples. Major uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium were part of the core genera in blood, feces, and vagina. Other uterine pathogens such as Prevotella and Helcococcus were not part of the core genera in vaginal samples. In addition, uterine pathogens showed a strong and significant interaction with each other in the network of blood microbiota, but not in feces or vagina. These microbial interactions in blood may be an important component of disease etiology. The copy number of total bacteria in blood and uterus was correlated; the same did not occur in other sites. Bacteroides heparinolyticus was more abundant in the uterus on day 0, and both B. heparinolyticus and Fusobacterium necrophorum were more abundant in the uterus than in the blood and feces on day 2. This indicates that B. heparinolyticus has a tropism for the uterus, whereas both pathogens thrive in the uterine environment early postpartum.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood harbored a unique microbiome that contained the main uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium. The presence of these pathogens in blood shortly after calving shows the feasibility of hematogenous spread of uterine pathogens in cows.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Blood; Cattle; Feces; Female; Gene Regulatory Networks; Metagenomics; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Postpartum Period; Uterus; Vagina
PubMed: 28841911
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0328-9 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1991The genera Bacteroides, Wolinella, and Campylobacter contain several similar species that require taxonomic revision. Fatty acid profiles of whole bacterial cells have...
The genera Bacteroides, Wolinella, and Campylobacter contain several similar species that require taxonomic revision. Fatty acid profiles of whole bacterial cells have proven useful for taxonomy. In this study, cellular fatty acids from Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Wolinella, and Campylobacter spp. were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the data were subjected to principal component analyses. Bacteroides fragilis, the type species of the genus Bacteroides, was distinct from the other organisms. While Bacteroides gracilis, Wolinella succinogenes, Wolinella curva, Wolinella recta, and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis were close to each other, Prevotella (Bacteroides) buccae, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella oris, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella veroralis, Prevotella heparinolyticus, Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) endodontalis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus could be distinguished. B. fragilis was characterized by the presence of C3OH-i-1-, Ca-15, and Ci-15 and the absence of C12:0 and unsaturated fatty acids. For comparison, B. gracilis, B. ureolyticus, W. succinogenes, W. curva, W. recta, and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis contained C12:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C3-OH-14 acids but lacked branched hydroxy and branched nonhydroxy acids. B. gracilis and B. ureolyticus are not "true" bacteroides.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteroides; Campylobacter; Chromatography, Gas; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Multivariate Analysis
PubMed: 1993755
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.1.183-189.1991 -
Journal of Dental Research May 1987Serological studies on 27 strains of non-pigmented Bacteroides isolated from the human oral cavity revealed multiple serotypes within B. buccae. B. capillus (= B....
Serological studies on 27 strains of non-pigmented Bacteroides isolated from the human oral cavity revealed multiple serotypes within B. buccae. B. capillus (= B. buccae) and B. pentosaceus (= B. buccae) were found to be serogroups within B. buccae. B. denticola possessed cross-reactive antigens with B. buccae. Tested strains of B. oralis, B. veroralis, B. oris, and B. heparinolyticus were clearly differentiated from each other.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, Heterophile; Bacteroides; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Mouth; Serotyping
PubMed: 3112202
DOI: 10.1177/00220345870660052501 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jun 2011Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases of adult dogs, with up to 80% of animals affected. The aetiology of the disease is poorly studied, although...
Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases of adult dogs, with up to 80% of animals affected. The aetiology of the disease is poorly studied, although bacteria are known to play a major role. The purpose of this study was to identify the bacteria associated with canine gingivitis and periodontitis and to compare this with the normal oral flora. Swabs were obtained from the gingival margin of three dogs with gingivitis and three orally healthy controls, and subgingival plaque was collected from three dogs with periodontitis. Samples were subjected to routine bacterial culture. The prevalent species identified in the normal, gingivitis and periodontitis groups were uncultured bacterium (12.5% of isolates), Bacteroides heparinolyticus/Pasteurella dagmatis (10.0%) and Actinomyces canis (19.4%), respectively. Bacteria were also identified using culture-independent methods (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and the predominant species identified were Pseudomonas sp. (30.9% of clones analysed), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (16.1%) and Desulfomicrobium orale (12.0%) in the normal, gingivitis and periodontitis groups, respectively. Uncultured species accounted for 13.2%, 2.0% and 10.5%, and potentially novel species for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and periodontitis groups, respectively. This is the first study to use utilise culture-independent methods for the identification of bacteria associated with this disease. It is concluded that the canine oral flora in health and disease is highly diverse and also contains a high proportion of uncultured and, in particular, potentially novel species.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 21489726
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.001 -
Veterinary Microbiology Feb 1991Two hundred and seventy bacterial isolates were obtained from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface of 12 normal horses and 98 obligatory anaerobic bacteria were...
Oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections.
Two hundred and seventy bacterial isolates were obtained from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface of 12 normal horses and 98 obligatory anaerobic bacteria were characterised. Of these, 57 isolates belonging to 7 genera (Peptostreptococcus (1); Eubacterium (9); Clostridium (6); Veillonella (6); Megasphera (1); Bacteroides (28); Fusobacterium (6)) were identified, and 16 of these were identified to species level (P. anaerobius (1); E. fossor (9); C. villosum (1); B. fragilis (1); B. tectum (2); B. heparinolyticus (2)). Three hundred and twenty isolates were obtained from 23 samples from horses with lower respiratory tract (LRT) or paraoral (PO) bacterial infections. Of the 143 bacteria selected for detailed characterisation, obligate anaerobes accounted for 100 isolates, facultative anaerobes for 42 isolates and obligate aerobes for one isolate. Phenotypic characterisation separated 99 of the isolates into 14 genera. Among the obligately anaerobic species, Gram-positive cocci including P. anaerobius comprised 25% of isolates, E. fossor 11% and other Gram-positive rods (excluding Clostridium sp.) 18% of isolates. The Gram-negative rods comprised B. fragilis 5%, B. heparinolyticus 5%, asaccharolytic pigmented Bacteroides 3% and other Bacteroides 13%, while a so-far unnamed species of Fusobacterium (7%), and Gram-negative corroding rods (3%) were isolated. Among the facultatively anaerobic isolates, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus accounted for 31% of isolates, followed by Pasteurella spp. 19%, Escherichia coli 17%, Actinomyces spp. 9%, Streptococcus spp. 9%. Incidental facultative isolates were Enterococcus spp. 2%, Enterobacter cloaceae 2%, Actinobacillus spp. 2% and Gram-negative corroding rods 5%. On the basis of the similarities (as determined by DNA hybridization data and/or phenotypic characteristics) of some of the bacterial species (e.g. E. fossor and B. heparinolyticus) isolated from both the normal pharyngeal tonsillar surfaces and LRT and PO diseases of horses, it is considered that the most likely source of bacteria involved in these disease processes is flora from the oral cavity.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Horse Diseases; Horses; Mouth Diseases; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Palatine Tonsil; Pharynx; Phenotype; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 2031304
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90030-j -
Theriogenology Jul 2018Metritis is caused by polymicrobial infection; however, recent metagenomic work challenges the importance of known pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella...
Metritis is caused by polymicrobial infection; however, recent metagenomic work challenges the importance of known pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes while identifying potential new pathogens such as Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii and Helcococcus ovis. This study aims to quantify known and emerging uterine pathogens, and to evaluate their association with metritis and fever in dairy cows. Metritis was diagnosed at 6 ± 2 days postpartum, a uterine swab was collected and rectal temperature was measured. 39 cows were classified into three groups: Healthy (n = 14), Metritis without fever (MNoFever; n = 12), and Metritis with fever (MFever; n = 13). Absolute copy number was determined for total bacteria and for 8 potentially pathogenic bacteria using droplet digital PCR. Both MNoFever and MFever cows had higher copy number of total bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis than Healthy cows. MNoFever and MFever groups were similar. There was no difference among groups in copy number of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and Bacteroides heparinolyticus, and they all had low copy numbers. Our work confirms the importance of some bacteria identified by culture-based studies in the pathogenesis of metritis such as Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenica; however, it challenges the importance of others such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes at the time of metritis diagnosis. Additionally, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis were recognized as emerging pathogens involved in the etiology of metritis. Furthermore, fever was not associated with the total bacterial load or specific bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endometritis; Female; Fever; Uterus
PubMed: 29574306
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.016 -
Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research Dec 1990The hydrophobicities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and Bacteroides buccae, B. oris, B. oralis, B. veroralis, B. buccalis, B. heparinolyticus, B.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Hydrophobicities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and oral Bacteroides and Porphyromonas spp., Wolinella recta, and Eubacterium yurii with special reference to bacterial surface structures.
The hydrophobicities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and Bacteroides buccae, B. oris, B. oralis, B. veroralis, B. buccalis, B. heparinolyticus, B. intermedius, B. denticola, B. loescheii, B. melaninogenicus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. endodontalis, Wolinella recta, and Eubacterium yurii were studied by the hexadecane method. The majority of the strains were equally or less hydrophobic than the PMNLs. Only in the case of E. yurii and the only strain of B. buccalis were all strains more hydrophobic than the PMNLs. However, some strains of B. intermedius, B. oris, B. denticola, and P. gingivalis were also more hydrophobic than the PMNLs. With the exception of B. intermedius and species with a crystalline surface protein layer (S-layer), the strains of all other species with a thick capsule were more hydrophilic than the strains with little or no extracellular polymeric material. All strains of the S-layer species were either quite hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on the species, totally irrespective of the presence of the capsule. The results suggest that the S-layers of oral anaerobic bacteria may be important determinants of cell surface hydrophobicity.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides; Eubacterium; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mouth; Neutrophils; Surface Properties
PubMed: 2091243
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1990.tb01001.x