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Current Protocols in Protein Science Feb 2018This unit provides information on the replication cycle of insect baculovirus to provide an understanding of how this virus has been adapted for use as an expression... (Review)
Review
This unit provides information on the replication cycle of insect baculovirus to provide an understanding of how this virus has been adapted for use as an expression vector for recombinant proteins in insect cells. We provide an overview of the virus structure and its unique bi-phasic replication cycle, which has been exploited in developing the virus as an expression vector. We also review the development of the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), from the mid-1980s to the present day in which the BEVS is now an established tool for the production of a range of recombinant proteins and multi-protein complexes including virus-like particles. We describe advances made to the BEVS to allow the rapid and easy production of recombinant viruses and developments to improve protein yield. We finish by describing the application of recombinant BacMam as vectors for the delivery of genes into mammalian and human cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 29516481
DOI: 10.1002/cpps.47 -
Current Protocols in Protein Science Feb 2018Baculovirus expression systems are well established as an easy and reliable way to produce high quality recombinant proteins. Baculoviruses can also be used to transduce... (Review)
Review
Baculovirus expression systems are well established as an easy and reliable way to produce high quality recombinant proteins. Baculoviruses can also be used to transduce mammalian cells, termed 'BacMam', with considerable potential in biomedical applications. This chapter explains the process of making a recombinant baculovirus, encompassing production of a recombinant virus by homologous recombination in insect cells, followed by amplification and titration of the virus-all steps needed before commencing gene expression and protein production. We also cover the use of small-scale test expression to provide an initial indication of quality and protein yield. Whereas proteins expressed at high levels can be directly scaled up, more challenging proteins may require optimization of cell lines, growth conditions, or harvest times. Scale-up and purification approaches are discussed, focusing on working with large shake cultures and use of the Wave bioreactor. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Bioreactors; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 29516484
DOI: 10.1002/cpps.45 -
Virology Jan 2006Although the Baculoviridae are a large and diverse family of viruses, they are united by a number of shared features that form the basis for their unique life cycle.... (Review)
Review
Although the Baculoviridae are a large and diverse family of viruses, they are united by a number of shared features that form the basis for their unique life cycle. These include the mechanism of cell entry, genome replication and processing, and late and very late gene transcription. In this review, the molecular systems that are conserved within the Baculoviridae and that are responsible these processes are described.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; DNA, Viral; Genes, Viral; Nucleocapsid; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 16364739
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.019 -
The Journal of General Virology Sep 2018The family Baculoviridae comprises large viruses with circular dsDNA genomes ranging from 80 to 180 kbp. The virions consist of enveloped, rod-shaped nucleocapsids and...
The family Baculoviridae comprises large viruses with circular dsDNA genomes ranging from 80 to 180 kbp. The virions consist of enveloped, rod-shaped nucleocapsids and are embedded in distinctive occlusion bodies measuring 0.15-5 µm. The occlusion bodies consist of a matrix composed of a single viral protein expressed at high levels during infection. Members of this family infect exclusively larvae of the insect orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Baculoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/baculoviridae.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Genome, Viral; Insecta; Phylogeny; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 29947603
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001107 -
Neotropical Entomology Aug 2022A novel baculovirus observed to infect Automeris liberia (Cramer) (bullseye moth) is here described. Caterpillars of A. liberia with symptoms of viral infection were...
A novel baculovirus observed to infect Automeris liberia (Cramer) (bullseye moth) is here described. Caterpillars of A. liberia with symptoms of viral infection were collected from African oil palm plantations in Tailândia, PA, Brazil. Macerated caterpillars were then offered to caterpillars of Automeris cinctistriga (Felder & Rogenhoper), leading to viral symptoms and death before pupation. A transmission electron microscope was used for virus ultrastructural identification. The presence of viral occlusion bodies (OBs) containing multiple nucleocapsids was observed and such features are compatible with Alphabaculovirus (Baculoviridae). Molecular detection by PCR with primers for polyhedrin gene (polh) and for late expression factor-8 gene (lef-8), confirmed that this isolate belonged to Alphabaculovirus genus. To our knowledge, this is the first record of a baculovirus isolated from or associated to Automeris. The name Automeris liberia nucleopolyhedrovirus (AuliNPV) is proposed for the new virus.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Brazil; Lepidoptera; Liberia; Moths; Nucleopolyhedroviruses; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35020182
DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00940-9 -
Viruses Jul 2019The baculovirus nucleocapsid is formed through a rod-like capsid encapsulating a genomic DNA molecule of 80~180 kbp. The viral capsid is a large oligomer composed of... (Review)
Review
The baculovirus nucleocapsid is formed through a rod-like capsid encapsulating a genomic DNA molecule of 80~180 kbp. The viral capsid is a large oligomer composed of many copies of various protein subunits. The assembly of viral capsids is a complex oligomerization process. The timing of expression of nucleocapsid-related proteins, transport pathways, and their interactions can affect the assembly process of preformed capsids. In addition, the selection of viral DNA and the injection of the viral genome into empty capsids are the critical steps in nucleocapsid assembly. This paper reviews the replication and recombination of baculovirus DNA, expression and transport of capsid proteins, formation of preformed capsids, DNA encapsulation, and nucleocapsid formation. This review will provide a basis for further study of the nucleocapsid assembly mechanism of baculovirus.
Topics: Baculoviridae; DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; Nucleocapsid; Virus Assembly
PubMed: 31266177
DOI: 10.3390/v11070595 -
Viruses Jul 2023Baculovirology has been studied on the African continent for the development of insect virus-based biopesticides and, to a much lesser extent, vaccine production and... (Review)
Review
Baculovirology has been studied on the African continent for the development of insect virus-based biopesticides and, to a much lesser extent, vaccine production and delivery, since the 1960s. In this review, we focus only on baculoviruses as biopesticides for agricultural pests in Africa. At least 11 species of baculovirus have been discovered or studied on the African continent, some with several distinct isolates, with the objective in most cases being the development of a biopesticide. These include the nucleopolyhedroviruses of , , , , , and , as well as the granuloviruses of , , () , , and . Eleven different baculovirus-based biopesticides are recorded as being registered and commercially available on the African continent. Baculoviruses are recorded to have been isolated, researched, utilised in field trials, and/or commercially deployed as biopesticides in at least 13 different African countries. Baculovirus research is ongoing in Africa, and researchers are confident that further novel species and isolates will be discovered, to the benefit of environmentally responsible agricultural pest management, not only in Africa but also elsewhere.
Topics: Animals; Biological Control Agents; Baculoviridae; Moths; Nucleopolyhedroviruses; Africa; Spodoptera
PubMed: 37515205
DOI: 10.3390/v15071519 -
Trends in Microbiology May 2017Increasing evidence indicates that viruses do not simply propagate as independent virions among cells, organs, and hosts. Instead, viral spread is often mediated by... (Review)
Review
Increasing evidence indicates that viruses do not simply propagate as independent virions among cells, organs, and hosts. Instead, viral spread is often mediated by structures that simultaneously transport groups of viral genomes, such as polyploid virions, aggregates of virions, virion-containing proteinaceous structures, secreted lipid vesicles, and virus-induced cell-cell contacts. These structures increase the multiplicity of infection, independently of viral population density and transmission bottlenecks. Collective infectious units may contribute to the maintenance of viral genetic diversity, and could have implications for the evolution of social-like virus-virus interactions. These may include various forms of cooperation such as immunity evasion, genetic complementation, division of labor, and relaxation of fitness trade-offs, but also noncooperative interactions such as negative dominance and interference, potentially leading to conflict.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Biological Evolution; Genetic Variation; Virion; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 28262512
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.02.003 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a variety of human physiological processes and are attractive targets for treating various diseases. Yet, despite the...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a variety of human physiological processes and are attractive targets for treating various diseases. Yet, despite the importance as therapeutic targets, only 97 unique GPCR structures have been determined to date. A key challenge in their structural biology study is to obtain adequate protein samples because GPCRs usually have the low expression in native tissues. The in vitro recombinant expression provides the possibility to obtain large quantities of high-quality proteins suitable for three-dimensional structure determination by crystallography or single particle cryo-EM methods. For GPCR protein production, eukaryotic expression systems, such as baculovirus system and mammalian system, are the most widely used. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the methodological approaches on GPCRs expression and purification optimization using insect cells and mammalian cells, which is the prerequisite conditions for structural biology studies.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Crystallography; Eukaryota; Humans; Insecta; Mammals; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 35773588
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2368-8_15 -
Current Opinion in Genetics &... Feb 1995Apoptosis is an active process of cell death that serves diverse functions in multicellular organisms, and under physiological conditions, it is tightly controlled. Many... (Review)
Review
Apoptosis is an active process of cell death that serves diverse functions in multicellular organisms, and under physiological conditions, it is tightly controlled. Many virus genomes encode gene products that modulate apoptosis, either positively or negatively, and induction of apoptosis often contributes directly to the cytopathogenic effects of the viruses. Inhibition of apoptosis by viruses, on the other hand, may prevent premature death of infected cells, thereby facilitating viral replication, spread, or persistence.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Apoptosis; Baculoviridae; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans
PubMed: 7749317
DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(95)90061-6