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Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia Mar 2000Balantidium coli is a Protozoa that is not usually pathogenic in man, although epidemics have been described in tropical areas. It mainly affects the colon and clinical... (Review)
Review
Balantidium coli is a Protozoa that is not usually pathogenic in man, although epidemics have been described in tropical areas. It mainly affects the colon and clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic forms to severe dysenteric syndromes. We present a case of endoscopically diagnosed colonic balantidiasis and review the most important characteristics of this parasite-induced disease.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Biopsy; Colon; Colonic Diseases; Colonoscopy; Humans; Male
PubMed: 10804691
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Tropica Nov 2021Balantioides coli is a protozoan that infects different hosts species, including humans, with zoonotic transmission. The parasite, which lives in the large intestine and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Balantioides coli is a protozoan that infects different hosts species, including humans, with zoonotic transmission. The parasite, which lives in the large intestine and in other organs, can lead to serious infections that may culminate in death. Information about human balantidiasis is generally still very scanty. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of human balantidiasis based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. The scientific articles were retrieved from various databases and were subjected to descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests, and summarized on a forest plot and the heterogeneity index (I). A total of 103 articles were eligible and included in this review. Out of these 103 articles, 75 were clinical case reports and 28 were epidemiological studies, indicating a frequency of 997 (3.98%) people potentially infected with B. coli. The publication dates of the analyzed articles ranged from 1910 to 2020, but the majority (68.9%) were published between 1998 and 2020. A considerable number of these articles were published in South America and Asia, mostly in Brazil and India, respectively. However, in Africa, Ethiopia, was observed the higher number of infected people (47.5%). A significant association (p < 0.05) was identified between proximity to pigs and positivity for B. coli, since more than 16% infected people were in proximity with pigs and/or their excreta. Infection by the protozoan was classified mainly as intestinal, and the predominant symptom was dysentery. Extraintestinal infections were found in 27 individuals, with colonization of the genitourinary tract frequently highlighted. Direct examination (17.2%), followed by an association of direct examination and sedimentation (45.7%), were the most commonly performed parasitological techniques, and the most frequently diagnosed form was trophozoites, corresponding to 22.5% of cases. The most common treatment for parasitized individuals (11.8%) was an association of tetracycline drugs with nitroimidazole derivatives. The articles retrieved, mainly epidemiological ones, used in meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity (I> 50%, p < 0.05), impairing the retrieval and comparison of results. Some articles were found to provide incomplete information, making it difficult to retrieve and analyze variables. However, this review enabled us to compile and restate factors that appear to be associated with cases of human balantidiasis.
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Brazil; Ethiopia; Humans; India; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 34339668
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106069 -
Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia I... 1992
Review
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 1435542
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Nov 1947
Topics: Balantidiasis
PubMed: 20271092
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.794 -
The American Journal of Digestive... Jun 1950
Topics: Balantidiasis
PubMed: 15425462
DOI: 10.1007/BF03005006 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jul 1958
Topics: Balantidiasis; Medical Records
PubMed: 13577125
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1958.tb58237.x -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Jun 2019A 14 years old female Asiatic elephant was presented to the hospital with a history of mucoid watery diarrhea, inappetence and lethargy. Clinical examination revealed...
A 14 years old female Asiatic elephant was presented to the hospital with a history of mucoid watery diarrhea, inappetence and lethargy. Clinical examination revealed normal body temperature (98.2 °F), tachycardia (42 bpm), eupnoea (14/min), congested mucous membrane and dehydration. Haemato-biochemical parameters are well within the range. Microscopic examination of faecal sample revealed presence of live, motile and pear shaped ciliated protozoa. Based on clinical and laboratory examination, the condition was diagnosed as balantidiasis. The animal was treated with Tab. Metronidazole (10 mg/Kg, PO, BID) for 5 days. Supportive treatment was done with antacids, hepatoprotectants and multivitamin supplements. An uneventful recovery was noticed after 5 days of treatment.
PubMed: 31263322
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1072-1 -
Revista de Gastroenterologia Del Peru :... 2019Balantidiasis is a zoonosis produced by Balantidium coli, which inhabits the large intestine of the pig and man. Infection is uncommon in humans and mainly affects the... (Review)
Review
Balantidiasis is a zoonosis produced by Balantidium coli, which inhabits the large intestine of the pig and man. Infection is uncommon in humans and mainly affects the colon. It occurs more frequently in developing countries, tropical and subtropical regions. Colonic balantidiasis can occur in most cases asymptomatically and reach in the most severe cases such as dysenteric diarrhea that can be complicated by low digestive bleeding and even perforation. We present the case of a 72-year-old man, from the Peruvian highlands, who was a farmer and breeder of swine and sheep, who came for 3 months of illness, initially characterized by liquid stools with bloodless mucus, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and in the last month of illness he presents dysenteric diarrhea. Colonoscopy was performed due to suspicion of infectious colitis, Balantidium coli trophozoites were found in the fresh sample and colonic tissue biopsy. Patient receives treatment with amebicide and antibacterial without clinical improvement, presenting as a complication multiple perforation in the sigmoid colon, treated with resection and terminal colostomy. Finally, the patient died despite receiving medical and surgical treatment.
Topics: Aged; Balantidiasis; Colonic Diseases; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male
PubMed: 31688855
DOI: No ID Found -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022Balantidiasis, due to its rare human incidence and nonspecific clinical presentations often neglected from the diagnosis considerations; however, a potent pathogen....
BACKGROUND
Balantidiasis, due to its rare human incidence and nonspecific clinical presentations often neglected from the diagnosis considerations; however, a potent pathogen. Herein, we report a case of neglected balantidiasis presumed as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. . A 27-year-old policeman presented in Sindhuli Hospital, with a chief complaint of epigastric pain, nausea, decreased appetite for several days, and loose stools (3-4 episodes per day). Previously, he was under antibiotic therapy (amoxycillin) for tonsillitis. The health post clinician made a presumptive diagnosis as the side effects of the antibiotics; however, the symptoms were not resolved. Complete blood cell count (CBC) was normal; renal function test (RFT) and liver function (LFT) were within the normal ranges. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and ECG (electrocardiogram) showed normal findings. However, on routine stool actively motile trophozoites of () were seen. He was treated successfully with metronidazole 750 mg tabs orally three times daily for 5 days.
CONCLUSION
Protozoal infections, like balantidiasis, might be excluded from the diagnostic consideration in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea cases. Therefore, meticulous review of nonspecific clinical presentation and validation of an etiology with support of diagnostic tests are mandatory.
PubMed: 35734242
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6013151 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 1973
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Child; Child, Preschool; Disasters; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Micronesia; Middle Aged; Sanitation; Sex Factors; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline
PubMed: 4684887
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1973.22.33