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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2019The wide abuse of barbiturates has aroused extensive public concern. Therefore, the determination of such drugs is becoming essential in therapeutic drug monitoring and...
The wide abuse of barbiturates has aroused extensive public concern. Therefore, the determination of such drugs is becoming essential in therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic science. Herein, a simple, efficient, and inexpensive sample preparation technique, namely, flat membrane-based liquid-phase microextraction (FM-LPME) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), was used to determine barbiturates in biological specimens. Factors that may influence the efficiency including organic extraction solvent, pH, and composition of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, and salt addition to the sample (donor phase) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the linear ranges of the proposed FM-LPME/LC-MS method (with correlation coefficient factors ≥ 0.99) were 7.5-750 ng mL for whole blood, 5.0-500 ng mL for urine, and 25-2500 ng g for liver. Repeatability between 5.0 and 13.7% was obtained and the limit of detection (LOD) values ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 ng mL, from 0.6 to 3.6 ng mL, and from 5.2 to 10.0 ng g for whole blood, urine, and liver samples, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of barbiturates in blood and liver from rats treated with these drugs, and excellent sample cleanup was achieved.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Chromatography, Liquid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Male; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Solvents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 30995793
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081494 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Apr 1977In a retrospective study, based on a biochemical survey of people aged 65 and over in a general practice, subjects taking a barbiturate preparation for indications other... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
In a retrospective study, based on a biochemical survey of people aged 65 and over in a general practice, subjects taking a barbiturate preparation for indications other than epilepsy had a significantly lower serum calcium concentration than did those taking nitrazepam or diazepam. Ordinary doses of barbiturate may adversely affect vitamin D metabolism in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Barbiturates; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Humans; Male; Nitrazepam; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D
PubMed: 323838
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.53.618.212 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2010This paper reviews the development of dental adhesives by collating information of related studies from original scientific papers, reviews, and patent literatures.... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews the development of dental adhesives by collating information of related studies from original scientific papers, reviews, and patent literatures. Through our development, novel radical polymerization initiators, adhesive monomers, and microcapsules were synthesized, and their effects on adhesion were investigated. It was found that 5-monosubstituted barbituric acid (5-MSBA)-containing ternary initiators in conjunction with adhesive monomers contributed to effective adhesion with good polymerization reactivity. Several kinds of novel adhesive monomers bearing carboxyl group, phosphonic acid group or sulfur-containing group were synthesized, and investigated their multi-purpose bonding functions. It was suggested that the flexible methylene chain in the structure of adhesive monomers played a pivotal role in their enhanced bonding durability. It was found that the combination of acidic monomers with sulfur-containing monomer markedly improved adhesion to enamel, dentin, porcelain, alumina, zirconia, non-precious metals and precious metals. A new poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-type adhesive resin comprising microencapsulated polymerization initiators was also found to exhibit both good formulation stability and excellent adhesive property.
Topics: Adhesives; Barbiturates; Carbon Dioxide; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Free Radicals; Humans; Organophosphonates; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Sulfur
PubMed: 20379020
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-057 -
British Journal of Pharmacology and... Apr 1963Cyclobarbitone, hexobarbitone, quinalbarbitone sodium, pentobarbitone sodium, phenobarbitone sodium, nealbarbitone and a placebo have been compared in a controlled...
Cyclobarbitone, hexobarbitone, quinalbarbitone sodium, pentobarbitone sodium, phenobarbitone sodium, nealbarbitone and a placebo have been compared in a controlled double-blind trial in twenty-four psychiatric patients with insomnia. Each of the barbiturates significantly prolonged sleep and hastened its onset. They also reduced the patients' motility, recorded by an electronic apparatus attached to the bed. There was no clear difference between these barbiturates in onset and duration of action during the 8 hr of recording; some effect upon sleep or motility was present throughout this period. Differences between compounds were of degree rather than of duration of action. Pentobarbitone, quinalbarbitone and phenobarbitone were most effective; cyclobarbitone and hexobarbitone were less effective; nealbarbitone had only a weak hypnotic action.
Topics: Barbiturates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hexobarbital; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; Secobarbital; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 13954693
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1963.tb01471.x -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2020A new series of thiobarbituric (thiopyrimidine trione) enamine derivatives and its analogues barbituric acid derivatives was synthesised, characterised, and screen for...
A new series of thiobarbituric (thiopyrimidine trione) enamine derivatives and its analogues barbituric acid derivatives was synthesised, characterised, and screen for evaluation of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and anti-glycation activity. This series of compounds were found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity in a reversible mixed-type manner with IC between 264.07 ± 1.87 and 448.63 ± 2.46 µM. Molecular docking studies indicated that compounds of , , , and are located close to the active site of α-glucosidase, which may cover the active pocket, thereby inhibiting the binding of the substrate to the enzyme. Thiopyrimidine trione derivatives also inhibited the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which cause long-term complications in diabetes. While, compounds , , and showed significant to moderate anti-glycation activity (IC = 31.5 ± 0.81 to 554.76 ± 9.1 µM).
Topics: Amines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Glycosylation; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiobarbiturates; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 32156165
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1737045 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2022Pentobarbital is used commonly to euthanize animals. Occasionally during a death investigation, it is necessary to determine whether a cat or dog was euthanized via...
Pentobarbital is used commonly to euthanize animals. Occasionally during a death investigation, it is necessary to determine whether a cat or dog was euthanized via pentobarbital overdose. Screening for the detection of barbiturates including pentobarbital can be performed using commercial immunochromatographic tests. We used a commercial immunochromatographic test for barbiturates in humans to screen for barbiturates in urine collected postmortem from 20 dogs and 20 cats to determine whether they had been euthanized with pentobarbital. Additionally, we analyzed the urine for pentobarbital using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as a confirmatory test. Screening and confirmation testing revealed 100% agreement between the tests and with the euthanasia status of each animal. Our results support the use of the immunochromatographic test for the screening of urine collected postmortem to assess for the presence of barbiturates, specifically pentobarbital, used for euthanasia.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Euthanasia, Animal; Humans; Pentobarbital
PubMed: 35012382
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211070539 -
Anesthesiology 1964
Topics: Amobarbital; Barbiturates; Drug Therapy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tetanus; Toxicology
PubMed: 14156590
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-196405000-00028 -
Acta Neurochirurgica Feb 2021The aim was to study the effects of barbiturate coma treatment (BCT) on intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compensatory reserve (RAP index) in children (< 17...
BACKGROUND
The aim was to study the effects of barbiturate coma treatment (BCT) on intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compensatory reserve (RAP index) in children (< 17 years of age) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and refractory intracranial hypertension (RICH).
METHODS
High-resolution monitoring data were used to study the effects of BCT on ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and RAP index. Four half hour long periods were studied: before bolus injection and at 5, 10, and 24 hours thereafter, respectively, and a fifth tapering period with S-thiopental between < 100 and < 30 μmol/L. S-thiopental concentrations and administered doses were registered.
RESULTS
Seventeen children treated with BCT 2007-2017 with high-resolution data were included; median age 15 (range 6-17) and median Glasgow coma score 7 (range 3-8). Median time from trauma to start of BCT was 44.5 h (range 2.5-197.5) and from start to stop 99.0 h (range 21.0-329.0). Median ICP was 22 (IQR 20-25) in the half hour period before onset of BCT and 16 (IQR 11-20) in the half hour period 5 h later (p = 0.011). The corresponding figures for CPP were 65 (IQR 62-71) and 63 (57-71) (p > 0.05). The RAP index was in the half hour period before onset of BCT 0.6 (IQR 0.1-0.7), in the half hour period 5 h later 0.3 (IQR 0.1-0.7) (p = 0.331), and in the whole BCT period 0.3 (IQR 0.2-0.4) (p = 0.004). Eighty-two percent (14/17) had favorable outcome (good recovery = 8 patients and moderate disability = 6 patients).
CONCLUSION
BCT significantly reduced ICP and RAP index with preserved CPP. BCT should be considered in case of RICH.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Arterial Pressure; Barbiturates; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Coma; Convulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Retrospective Studies; Thiopental
PubMed: 33341913
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04677-z -
British Medical Journal Nov 1972
Topics: Barbiturates; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 5083897
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5835.295-b -
British Medical Journal May 1970
Topics: Barbiturates; Drug and Narcotic Control
PubMed: 5420183
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5704.295