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Clinical Case Reports Jul 2021We have presented a case of barium appendicitis, which is a rare complication of barium enema studies. Barium sulfate is used widely for gastrointestinal radiographic...
We have presented a case of barium appendicitis, which is a rare complication of barium enema studies. Barium sulfate is used widely for gastrointestinal radiographic studies and is associated with few complications. Clinicians need to be fully aware of this complication.
PubMed: 34322273
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4583 -
Diagnostic Pathology Dec 2022Barium sulfate is utilized for imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually not deposited within the wall of the intestine. It is thought that mucosal injury may... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Barium sulfate is utilized for imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually not deposited within the wall of the intestine. It is thought that mucosal injury may allow barium sulfate to traverse the mucosa, and allow deposition to occur uncommonly. Most pathology textbooks describe the typical barium sulfate deposition pattern as small granular accumulation in macrophages, and do not describe the presence of larger rhomboid crystals. This review will summarize the clinical background, radiographic, gross, and microscopic features of barium sulfate deposition in the gastrointestinal tract. A review of the PubMed database was performed to identify all published cases of barium sulfate deposition in the gastrointestinal tract that have been confirmed by pathologic examination.
CONCLUSIONS
A review of the literature shows that the most common barium sulfate deposition pattern in the gastrointestinal tract is finely granular deposition (30 previously described cases), and less commonly large rhomboid crystals are seen (19 cases) with or without finely granular deposition. The fine granules are typically located in macrophages, while rhomboid crystals are usually extracellular. There are various methods to support that the foreign material is indeed barium sulfate, however, only a minority of studies perform ancillary testing. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) can be useful for definitive confirmation. This review emphasizes the importance of recognizing both patterns of barium sulfate deposition, and the histologic differential diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Barium Sulfate; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 36585714
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01283-8 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Aug 2023X-ray imaging is frequently used for gastrointestinal imaging. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the gastrointestinal tract is an emerging approach that has been...
SIGNIFICANCE
X-ray imaging is frequently used for gastrointestinal imaging. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the gastrointestinal tract is an emerging approach that has been demonstrated for preclinical imaging of small animals. A contrast agent active in both modalities could be useful for imaging applications.
AIM
We aimed to develop a dual-modality contrast agent comprising an admixture of barium sulfate with pigments that absorb light in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II), for preclinical imaging with both x-ray and PAI modalities.
APPROACH
Eleven different NIR-II dyes were evaluated after admixture with a 40% w/v barium sulfate mixture. The resulting NIR-II absorption in the soluble fraction and in the total mixture was characterized. Proof-of-principle imaging studies in mice were carried out.
RESULTS
Pigments that produced more uniform suspensions were assessed further for photoacoustic contrast signal at a wavelength of 1064 nm that corresponds to the output of the Nd:YAG laser used. Phantom imaging studies demonstrated that the pigment-barium sulfate mixture generated imaging contrast in both x-ray and PAI modalities. The optimal pigment selected for further study was a cyanine tetrafluoroborate salt. and whole-body mouse imaging demonstrated that photoacoustic and x-ray contrast signals co-localized in the intestines for both imaging modalities.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate that commercially-available NIR-II pigments can simply be admixed with barium sulfate to generate a dual-modality contrast agent appropriate for small animal gastrointestinal imaging.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Barium Sulfate; Contrast Media; X-Rays; Radiography; Spectrum Analysis; Photoacoustic Techniques
PubMed: 36776721
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.28.8.082803 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2020The modified barium swallow study (MBSS) is an X-ray examination of swallowing used to detect the presence and type impairment, aspiration risk, and to develop... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The modified barium swallow study (MBSS) is an X-ray examination of swallowing used to detect the presence and type impairment, aspiration risk, and to develop intervention plans. In this review, we will cover the use of ionizing radiation in MBSSs and review recent literature concerning radiation exposure and cancer risks to patients undergoing MBSSs. Lastly, we will discuss the clinical implications of these findings.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent literature confirms that the MBSS is a low-dose examination and that reducing pulse rate negatively impacts diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, cancer risks to adults undergoing MBSSs were also reported to be low.
SUMMARY
An adult undergoing MBSS using a standardized, valid protocol, like the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP), has low-radiation exposure and very low associated cancer risks. MBSSs should be used whenever relevant to adult patient care without undue concern regarding radiation exposure. Children also have low radiation exposure from MBSSs; however, cancer risks from that exposure remain unknown. Best practices in radiation safety must always be followed. Reducing pulse rates in the adult or pediatric population to reduce radiation exposure is not a valid strategy because of the resulting reduction in diagnostic accuracy.
Topics: Barium Sulfate; Deglutition Disorders; Fluoroscopy; Humans; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiation Exposure; Risk
PubMed: 33027137
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000665 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Nov 2020X-ray imaging is the most widely used diagnostic imaging method in modern medicine and several advanced forms of this technology have recently emerged. Iodinated... (Review)
Review
X-ray imaging is the most widely used diagnostic imaging method in modern medicine and several advanced forms of this technology have recently emerged. Iodinated molecules and barium sulfate suspensions are clinically approved X-ray contrast agents and are widely used. However, these existing contrast agents provide limited information, are suboptimal for new X-ray imaging techniques and are developing safety concerns. Thus, over the past 15 years, there has been a rapid growth in the development of nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several desirable features such as high contrast payloads, the potential for long circulation times, and tunable physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles have also been used in a range of biomedical applications such as disease treatment, targeted imaging, and cell tracking. In this review, we discuss the principles behind X-ray contrast generation and introduce new types of X-ray imaging modalities, as well as potential elements and chemical compositions that are suitable for novel contrast agent development. We focus on the progress in nanoparticle X-ray contrast agents developed to be renally clearable, long circulating, theranostic, targeted, or for cell tracking. We feature agents that are used in conjunction with the newly developed multi-energy computed tomography and mammographic imaging technologies. Finally, we offer perspectives on current limitations and emerging research topics as well as expectations for the future development of the field. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnostic Imaging; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; X-Rays
PubMed: 32441050
DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1642 -
Clinical Case Reports Nov 2020Aspiration of barium sulfate is possible during radiographic contrast procedures and is potentially life-threatening in severe cases. In patients with dysphagia or...
Aspiration of barium sulfate is possible during radiographic contrast procedures and is potentially life-threatening in severe cases. In patients with dysphagia or suspected tracheoesophageal fistula, barium compounds may be used, considering lateral projection fluoroscopy of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, but iso-osmotic agents should also be considered.
PubMed: 33235777
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3066 -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... Aug 2019
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged, 80 and over; Barium Sulfate; Bronchoscopy; Deglutition Disorders; Female; Humans; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Radiography; Suction
PubMed: 31355893
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.097