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Dermatologic Clinics Jan 2023Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. Early identification can be made clinically, aided by dermoscopy, in addition to newer imaging... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. Early identification can be made clinically, aided by dermoscopy, in addition to newer imaging technologies such as reflectance confocal microscopy. BCC most commonly demonstrates an indolent course responsive to local destruction or surgical removal. Mohs micrographic surgery is the most effective treatment, especially for high-risk tumors. Low-risk tumors may be amendable to nonsurgical treatment including topical and destructive therapies. Radiation therapy can be used in patients not amendable to surgery. Advanced and metastatic BCC can be treated with Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and other systemic agents with varying responses.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Hedgehog Proteins; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Neoplasms, Basal Cell; Mohs Surgery
PubMed: 36410973
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.005 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Feb 2019Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy and the incidence is rising. BCCs have low mortality but can cause significant morbidity primarily through local... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy and the incidence is rising. BCCs have low mortality but can cause significant morbidity primarily through local destruction. The pathogenesis is linked to the interplay between environmental and patient-derived characteristics. There are multiple therapeutic modalities, and appropriate selection requires knowledge of complications, cosmetic outcomes, and recurrence rates. This article reviews the epidemiology, staging, treatment, and prevention of BCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30497670
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.09.004 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Jun 2020Basal cell carcinomas are the most frequent skin cancers in the fair-skinned adult population over 50 years of age. Their incidence is increasing throughout the world.... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinomas are the most frequent skin cancers in the fair-skinned adult population over 50 years of age. Their incidence is increasing throughout the world. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major carcinogenic factor. Some genodermatosis can predispose to formation of basal cell carcinomas at an earlier age. Basal cell carcinomas are heterogeneous, from superficial or nodular lesions of good prognosis to very extensive difficult-to-treat lesions that must be discussed in multidisciplinary committees. Recent guidelines have updated the management of basal cell carcinoma. The prognosis is linked to the risk of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma or its local destructive capacity. Characteristic molecular events in these tumours are: (i) activation of the hedgehog pathway, which has allowed the development of hedgehog inhibitors for difficult-to-treat lesions that are not accessible to surgery or radiotherapy; (ii) high mutational burden, which suggests that hedgehog inhibitor refractory tumours could be offered immunotherapy; some trials are ongoing. The standard treatment for most basal cell carcinomas is surgery, as it allows excision margin control and shows a low risk of recurrence. Superficial lesions can be treated by non-surgical methods with significant efficacy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Mutation; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32346750
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3495 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Feb 2019Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are common skin cancers that tend to appear on sun-exposed skin. Pathobiologically, activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are common skin cancers that tend to appear on sun-exposed skin. Pathobiologically, activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway characterizes the majority of cases. In general, BCCs are slow-growing and rarely metastasize. Nevertheless, they are locally invasive and can be destructive. While typical cases are diagnosed based on clinical findings, the clinicopathological manifestations are varied. Consequently, skin biopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the risk of recurrence. In the treatment of primary lesions, the initial goal is to complete tumor removal, whether by conventional surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, cryosurgery, electrodesiccation and curettage, topical application of imiquimod or fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, or radiation therapy. Of these treatments, surgical excision and Mohs surgery are the most commonly used because of their association with a low recurrence rate and the ability to confirm residual tumor pathologically. However, other treatment options may be preferred according to patient condition, tumor location, and risk of recurrence. In the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced lesions, smoothened inhibitors, which inhibit Hedgehog signaling pathway activation, were recently approved and impressive tumor shrinkage effects have been described. Although the exact prognosis of metastatic BCC has not been analyzed, it is probably poor due to the rarity of such condition. However, emerging molecular targeting agents hold therapeutic promise.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Prognosis; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Surgical Procedures, Operative
PubMed: 30741348
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0610-0 -
Cutis Jun 2022
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Neoplasms, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35960981
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0540 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2022Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer, with approximately 3.6 million cases diagnosed each year. About 2000 deaths annually in the United States are... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer, with approximately 3.6 million cases diagnosed each year. About 2000 deaths annually in the United States are attributed to basal and squamous cell skin cancers. There is a direct link between ultraviolet exposure and the development of BCC, as UV exposure damages DNA and induces mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Aberrations in the hedgehog pathway can also result in BCC, highlighted by the fact that most cases of sporadic BCCs have been found to have mutations in different genes involved in the hedgehog pathway. There are several genetic syndromes that are associated with BCCs, including basal cell nevus syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome, Rombo syndrome, and Oley syndrome. Other risk factors include age, male gender, occupational hazards, radiation, and immunosuppression. BCCs are not typically staged but are instead stratified by their risk of recurring or metastasizing. Locally advanced BCCs are those tumors that are not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Dermatologists; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35577405
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.023 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Nov 2005
Review
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Mutation; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 16306523
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra044151 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Feb 2023Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has several subclassifications, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma. In our clinical experience, we have found that pigmented basal cell...
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has several subclassifications, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma. In our clinical experience, we have found that pigmented basal cell carcinoma itself has multiple subtypes which can overlap with traditional basal cell carcinoma subclassifications. In this letter, we argue for the subclassification of pigmented basal cell carcinoma, as either superficial, nodular, or morpheaform. We believe further subclassification of pigmented BCCs may reveal important therapeutic and prognostic differences which could make an impact on the morbidity and mortality of this condition for those affected, many of whom are skin of color patients that are already disproportionately affected by health disparities related to skin cancer. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(2): 217-218. doi:10.36849/JDD.6883.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Skin
PubMed: 36745362
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.6883 -
The Journal of Family Practice Jun 2022THE COMPARISON A Nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with a pearly rolled border, central pigmentation, and telangiectasia on the forehead of an 80-year-old Hispanic...
THE COMPARISON A Nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with a pearly rolled border, central pigmentation, and telangiectasia on the forehead of an 80-year-old Hispanic woman (light skin tone). B Nodular BCC on the cheek of a 64-year-old Black man. The dark nonhealing ulcer had a subtle, pearly, rolled border and no visible telangiectasia.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Black People; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Cheek; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Telangiectasis
PubMed: 35776872
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0435 -
American Family Physician Nov 1993Fair-skinned persons who have had significant exposure to the sun are at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma. Clinically, basal cell carcinomas include numerous... (Review)
Review
Fair-skinned persons who have had significant exposure to the sun are at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma. Clinically, basal cell carcinomas include numerous nodular and flat types. The lesions of basal cell carcinoma are usually asymptomatic until enlargement, bleeding or invasion of underlying tissue occurs. Metastasis is rare. A biopsy should be obtained before destructive treatment is carried out. Surgical excision, curettage and electrodesiccation or cryosurgery are acceptable procedures for removal of most lesions. Periodic follow-up is necessary to screen for new or recurrent skin cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 8237741
DOI: No ID Found