-
Vision Research Apr 2020A popular method used to construct the post structure in traditional Korean buildings is simply placing a stone base on the ground in the natural form and a wooden post...
A popular method used to construct the post structure in traditional Korean buildings is simply placing a stone base on the ground in the natural form and a wooden post on top of the stone base. Interestingly, an illusory visual completion often occurs at the joint where the stone base and the post join. Thus, even though the wooden post stands on the top surface of the stone base, observers tend to perceive the post as embedded in the stone base. In Experiment 1, photographs of real stone bases and wooden posts were presented, and the results showed that the more uneven the stone base was, the more the post was judged as embedded in the stone base. In Experiment 2, 3D graphic models with a similar size and color were presented, and the results again showed that the unevenness of the stone base influenced the perceptual embedment of the post. The results are discussed in relation to several potential hypotheses, including figural goodness, edge similarity, and physical knowledge.
PubMed: 32335308
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.04.001 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2015The skull base is one of the most complex anatomical regions and forms the floor of the cranial cavity. Skull base surgery involves open, microscopic, and endoscopic... (Review)
Review
The skull base is one of the most complex anatomical regions and forms the floor of the cranial cavity. Skull base surgery involves open, microscopic, and endoscopic approaches to the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossa. A multispecialty team approach is essential in treating patients with skull base lesions. Traditionally, rhinologists are involved in providing access to anterior skull base lesions while otologists are involved in the treatment of lesions of the posterior skull base. This is the case in most skull base centers today. In this article, we share a new perspective of an integrated skull base unit where a team of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons treat anterior, middle, and posterior skull base pathologies. The rationale for this approach is that most technical skills required in skull base surgery are interchangeable and apply whether an endoscopic or microscopic approach is used. We show how the different skills apply to the different approaches and share our experience with an integrated skull base unit.
PubMed: 26258128
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00032 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jul 2021The CRISPR system is able to accomplish precise base editing in genomic DNA, but relies on the cellular homology-directed recombination repair pathway and is therefore... (Review)
Review
The CRISPR system is able to accomplish precise base editing in genomic DNA, but relies on the cellular homology-directed recombination repair pathway and is therefore extremely inefficient. Base editing is a new genome editing technique developed based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Two base editors (cytosine base editor and adenine base editor) were developed by fusing catalytically disabled nucleases with different necleobase deaminases. These two base editors are able to perform C>T (G>A) or A>G (T>C) transition without generating DNA double-stranded breaks. The base editing technique has been widely used in gene therapy, animal models construction, precision animal breeding and gene function analysis, providing a powerful tool for basic and applied research. This review summarized the development process, technical advantages, current applications, challenges and perspectives for base editing technique, aiming to help the readers better understand and use the base editing technique.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Cytosine; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; Gene Editing
PubMed: 34327897
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200480 -
Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences Dec 2016Transorbital endoscopic surgery is one of the most recent fields of skull base surgery. This paper presents the emerging applications of transorbital endoscopic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Transorbital endoscopic surgery is one of the most recent fields of skull base surgery. This paper presents the emerging applications of transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base and their current results on the treatment of selected extradural and intradural lesions, based on a review of meta-analysis and recent clinical series.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid search for articles published from 2000 to 2015 was performed using the search terms "endoscopic skull base surgery", "transorbital endoscopic approach", and "transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery". No anatomical or preclinical studies were included in the present review. Among the clinical case series available, only those describing transorbital approaches to the skull base have been considered, excluding from the analysis the studies addressing the orbit and orbital pathologies.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Although performed in extremely selected cases, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that this technique may be effective for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, for the drainage of epidural abscess or hematoma, and for the removal of several skull base tumors such as spheno-orbital meningioma. For the treatment of intradural pathologies there is only anecdotal evidence suggesting effectiveness and safety. Factors that may contribute to the enhanced efficacy compared to traditional external approaches were the acceptable complication rates, the reduced hospitalization time and limited morbidity for the patients, avoiding the need for large external craniotomies and brain retraction.
CONCLUSIONS
Minimally-invasive endoscopic skull base surgery has substantially evolved in the last decades through the collaboration of different teams around the world. The transorbital endoscopic approaches directed to the anterior and middle cranial base may represent safe and feasible techniques with great potential for new applications in the nearby future.
Topics: Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Neuroendoscopy; Neurosurgical Procedures; Skull Base; Skull Base Neoplasms
PubMed: 27280546
DOI: No ID Found -
The Ulster Medical Journal Sep 2017
Review
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acid-Base Imbalance; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Partial Pressure
PubMed: 29581626
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Jun 2019
Review
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Endoscopy; Female; Hearing Loss; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mastoid; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Neuroma, Acoustic; Neurosurgical Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Skull Base; Skull Base Neoplasms; Temporal Bone; Young Adult
PubMed: 31130732
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-39-2019 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2018In this review, we have summarized the research effort into the development of unnatural base pairs beyond standard Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs for synthetic biology.... (Review)
Review
In this review, we have summarized the research effort into the development of unnatural base pairs beyond standard Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs for synthetic biology. Prior to introducing our research results, we present investigations by four outstanding groups in the field. Their research results demonstrate the importance of shape complementarity and stacking ability as well as hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) patterns for unnatural base pairs. On the basis of this research background, we developed unnatural base pairs consisting of imidazo[5',4':4.5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 1,8-naphthyridines, i.e., Im : Na pairs. Since Im bases are recognized as ring-expanded purines and Na bases are recognized as ring-expanded pyrimidines, Im : Na pairs are expected to satisfy the criteria of shape complementarity and enhanced stacking ability. In addition, these pairs have four non-canonical H-bonds. Because of these preferable properties, ImN : NaO, one of the Im : Na pairs, is recognized as a complementary base pair in not only single nucleotide insertion, but also the PCR.
Topics: Base Pairing; Hydrogen Bonding; Naphthyridines; Physical Phenomena; Purines; Pyrimidines; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 29386463
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00685 -
The Journal of International Advanced... Aug 2020Parachordoma is a rare soft tissue mixed tumor, associated with soft tissue myoepithelioma. It is typically growing slowly and considered less aggressive than other...
Parachordoma is a rare soft tissue mixed tumor, associated with soft tissue myoepithelioma. It is typically growing slowly and considered less aggressive than other similar soft tissue tumors. However, it does recur sporadically, and on rare occasions, it has demonstrated the ability to metastasize. Although imaging is important, definitive diagnosis is achieved by histology, and it is typically treated by a wide local excision. We present the first reported case of a skull base parachordoma in a 15-year-old boy, managed with a wide local excision and with no signs of recurrence or metastases after 24 months of follow-up.
Topics: Adolescent; Chordoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Myoepithelioma; Skull Base; Skull Base Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 32147599
DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.7203 -
Current Opinion in Structural Biology Feb 2014There are a growing number of studies reporting the observation of purine-pyrimidine base-pairs that are seldom observed in unmodified nucleic acids because they entail... (Review)
Review
There are a growing number of studies reporting the observation of purine-pyrimidine base-pairs that are seldom observed in unmodified nucleic acids because they entail the loss of energetically favorable interactions or require energetically costly base ionization or tautomerization. These high energy purine-pyrimidine base-pairs include G•C(+) and A•T Hoogsteen base-pairs, which entail ∼180° rotation of the purine base in a Watson-Crick base-pair, protonation of cytosine N3, and constriction of the C1'-C1' distance by ∼2.5Å. Other high energy pure-pyrimidine base-pairs include G•T, G•U, and A•C mispairs that adopt Watson-Crick like geometry through either base ionization or tautomerization. Although difficult to detect and characterize using biophysical methods, high energy purine-pyrimidine base-pairs appear to be more common than once thought. They further expand the structural and functional diversity of canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid base-pairs.
Topics: Animals; Base Pairing; DNA; Humans; Isomerism; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Purines; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 24721455
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.12.003 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2024Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery has gained acceptance worldwide. Comparative analysis has demonstrated that endoscopic skull base surgery may have advantages for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery has gained acceptance worldwide. Comparative analysis has demonstrated that endoscopic skull base surgery may have advantages for many pathologies of the anterior skull base, e. g., sinonasal malignant tumors; pathologies of the central skull base, e. g., pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas; well-selected cases of planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae meningiomas; or for clival lesions, e. g., chordomas, chondrosarcomas, or selected meningiomas. Over the past three decades, interdisciplinary surgical teams, consisting of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, have provided detailed anatomical knowledge, suggested new approaches or modifications of established surgical techniques, and offered continued surgical education.
METHOD
A review of pertinent literature was conducted with an emphasis on interdisciplinary endoscopic surgery of skull base lesions.
RESULTS
Based on the authors̓ surgical experience in two different interdisciplinary endoscopic skull base centers, the authors classify approaches for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery, describe indications, and key anatomic landmarks for common pathologies, and highlight surgical techniques to avoid complications.
CONCLUSION
Interdisciplinary endonasal endoscopic surgery combines surgical expertise, improves resection rates for many pathologies, and minimizes morbidity by reducing the incidence of surgical complications.
Topics: Skull Base Neoplasms; Humans; Endoscopy; Patient Care Team; Skull Base; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Interdisciplinary Communication
PubMed: 38697142
DOI: 10.1055/a-2196-8984