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Reviews on Environmental Health Jun 2020The National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund... (Review)
Review
The National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund Research Program (SRP)] funds transdisciplinary research projects spanning the biomedical and environmental sciences to address issues related to potentially hazardous substances. We used a case study approach to identify how SRP-funded basic biomedical research has had an impact on society. We examined how transdisciplinary research projects from the SRP have advanced knowledge and led to additional clinical, public health, policy, and economic benefits. SRP basic biomedical research findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and influenced a broad range of scientific disciplines. It has informed the development of policies and interventions to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants to improve public health. Research investments by the SRP have had a significant impact on science, health, and society. Documenting the benefits of these investments provides insight into how basic research is translated to real-world applications.
Topics: Environmental Health; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Interdisciplinary Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.); United States
PubMed: 32543458
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0104 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2020Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are hemorrhagic vascular diseases in which arteries and veins are directly connected with no capillary bed between the two. We herein... (Review)
Review
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are hemorrhagic vascular diseases in which arteries and veins are directly connected with no capillary bed between the two. We herein introduce the results of basic research of this disease and surgical techniques based on our data and experiences. The results obtained from our research show that cell death- and inflammation-related molecules changed or became activated compared with control specimens. These findings indicate that chronic inflammation occurs in and around the nidus of AVMs. Various molecules are involved in the mechanisms of cell death and angiogenesis during this process. Confirmation of blood flow in the nidus is very important to avoid hemorrhagic complications during surgical removal of the nidus. The risk of hemorrhage increases when the blood flow in the nidus is not reduced. We reported the advantages of serial indocyanine green videoangiography, which is used to assess the blood flow during AVM nidus removal. Since publication of the ARUBA trial and Scottish Audit, treatments with high morbidity have not been allowed. It is especially important for neurosurgeons to treat low Spetzler-Martin grade AVMs with low morbidity. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 222-228, August, 2020.
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
PubMed: 33148892
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.222 -
Advances in Health Sciences Education :... May 2022Research in health professions education has often been portrayed as an applied field, one that draws on more basic forms of research in pursuing what are primarily...
Research in health professions education has often been portrayed as an applied field, one that draws on more basic forms of research in pursuing what are primarily practical ends. While there is an undeniable practical side to much of the work published in our field, and in this Journal in particular, this can be problematic when the necessary basic research is not extant. In this editorial, two of this Journal's editors consider some of the challenges in bridging these basic research gaps in an erstwhile applied field, and the implications for the kinds of research we undertake and for the identity of the field as a whole.
Topics: Humans; Research
PubMed: 35467306
DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10117-7 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Nov 2013
Topics: Humans; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 24351579
DOI: 10.1179/1079026813Z.000000000229 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Sep 2017Experimental basic research provides the foundations for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases and the development of novel diagnostic and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Experimental basic research provides the foundations for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ophthalmological diseases. The objective of this contribution is to provide an overview of the international interconnection of basic research in ophthalmology in Germany.
METHODS
The international context of ophthalmological research conducted in Germany is presented by means of personal experiences and data published by the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the European Union (EU). Due to the lack of organized databases this article lays no claim to completeness.
RESULTS
Basic research in ophthalmology in Germany is mainly conducted in university eye departments and is mainly related to the etiology, pathophysiology and therapy development for various ophthalmic diseases. It is primarily funded by the DFG, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the EU plays an increasingly important role. Thus, ophthalmological research is integrated into numerous European research networks and beyond that into many international interconnections and relationships.
CONCLUSION
In Germany, both clinical and basic research in ophthalmology is integrated into many international networks and is only functionally viable in an international context; however, given the increasing impact of ophthalmological research in Asian countries, future strategies require a continued focus on career development, research infrastructure, working environment and international cooperation.
Topics: Biomedical Research; European Union; Eye Diseases; Germany; Humans; International Cooperation; Ophthalmology; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 28730427
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0541-8 -
BMC Medical Education Jul 2022Undergraduate dental basic research education (UDBRE) is broadly regarded as an important approach for cultivating scientific research talent. This scoping review aims... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Undergraduate dental basic research education (UDBRE) is broadly regarded as an important approach for cultivating scientific research talent. This scoping review aims to summarize the current status of UDBRE in terms of educational goals, teaching program and content, assessment system, training outcomes, barriers, and reflections.
METHODS
The authors performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) to identify peer-reviewed articles written in English from their inception to January 29, 2021. Articles were reviewed and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Related data from the included publications were then collected and summarized.
RESULTS
The authors searched 646 publications and selected 16 articles to include in the study. The education goals included cultivating five major dental basic research capabilities (n=10, 62.5%) and developing interest in basic research (n=2, 12.5%). As for the teaching program, the mentor-guided student research project was the most popular (n=11, 68.8%), followed by didactic courses (n=5, 31.3%), experimental skills training (n=1, 6.3%), and the combination of the above forms (n=3, 18.8%). However, the assessment system and training outcome diverged. Existing evidence showed that UDBRE reached satisfying education outcomes. Barriers included excessive curriculum burden (n=2, 12.5%), tutor shortage (n=3, 18.8%), lack of financial support (n=5, 31.3%), and inadequate research skills and knowledge (n=5, 31.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
Although efforts were made, the variation between studies revealed the immature status of UDBRE. A practical UDBRE education system paradigm was put forward. Meanwhile, more research is required to optimize a robust UDBRE system with clear education goals, well-designed teaching forms, and convincing assessment systems.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Humans; Students
PubMed: 35870929
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03628-9 -
Family Medicine 1990Considerable confusion over terminology for classifying basic types of research design in family medicine stems from the rich variety of substantive topics studied by... (Review)
Review
Considerable confusion over terminology for classifying basic types of research design in family medicine stems from the rich variety of substantive topics studied by family medicine researchers, differences in research terminology among the disciplines that family medicine research draws from, and lack of uniform research design terminology within these disciplines themselves. Many research design textbooks themselves fail to specify the dimensions on which research designs are classified or the logic underlying the classification systems proposed. This paper describes a typology based on three dimensions that may be used to characterize the basic design qualities of any study. These dimensions are: 1) the nature of the research objective (exploratory, descriptive, or analytic); 2) the time frame under investigation (retrospective, cross-sectional, or prospective); and 3) whether the investigator intervenes in the events under study (observational or interventional). This three-dimensional typology may be helpful for teaching basic research design concepts, for contemplating research design decisions in planning a study, and as a basis for further consideration of a more detailed, uniform research design classification system.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Practice; Prospective Studies; Research Design; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 2182361
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Jun 2023Anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies have important applications in human health and basic research. Therapeutic antibodies that recognize cancer- or pathogen-associated... (Review)
Review
Anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies have important applications in human health and basic research. Therapeutic antibodies that recognize cancer- or pathogen-associated glycans have been investigated in numerous clinical trials, resulting in two FDA-approved biopharmaceuticals. Anti-glycan antibodies are also utilized to diagnose, prognosticate, and monitor disease progression, as well as to study the biological roles and expression of glycans. High-quality anti-glycan mAbs are still in limited supply, highlighting the need for new technologies for anti-glycan antibody discovery. This review discusses anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies with applications to basic research, diagnostics, and therapeutics, focusing on recent advances in mAbs targeting cancer- and infectious disease-associated glycans.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Neoplasms; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 36905763
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102281 -
Clinical Psychology Review Jul 2022An important aim of basic research in Clinical Psychology is to improve clinical practice (e.g., by developing novel interventions or improving the efficacy of existing... (Review)
Review
An important aim of basic research in Clinical Psychology is to improve clinical practice (e.g., by developing novel interventions or improving the efficacy of existing ones) based on an improved understanding of key mechanisms involved in psychopathology. In the first part of this article, we examine how frequently this translation has happened in the past by reviewing all 40 evidence-based psychological interventions recommended in current clinical guidelines for five important (groups of) mental disorders. Results show that only 23% of treatments showed a very strong link between basic research and the development of the intervention, and further 20% showed a strong link. These findings thus suggest that the route from basic research to clinical innovation may not be as strong historically as is commonly assumed. Important challenges for translational research in clinical psychology are reviewed, leading to the introduction of a new framework, and a discussion of possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Suggestions include increased attention to robust and replicable research findings, a stronger focus on experimental psychopathology research to establish causality of psychopathological mechanisms, a more systematic structural integration of basic and applied research in clinical psychology, a stronger emphasis on mechanisms of change and moderators of clinical interventions, increased attention to clinical subgroups, and emphasizing improvements to existing interventions over the development of novel interventions.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychology, Clinical; Translational Research, Biomedical; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35660924
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102163 -
The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Jan 2018Thinking about the daily practice of cardiac surgery, genetically altered mouse models, polymerase chain reactions, western blots, and other laboratory tools are the... (Review)
Review
Thinking about the daily practice of cardiac surgery, genetically altered mouse models, polymerase chain reactions, western blots, and other laboratory tools are the last that comes to mind. It is, therefore, not surprising that the pursuit of such basic science activities by practicing surgeons and those in training is often limited. However, there is an innate connection between these two seemingly different disciplines. To address and visualize this connection, we propose the following three hypotheses. First, cardiac surgery would not be at its present level of expertise without fundamental contributions of basic science. Second, without practicing cardiac surgeons performing basic research and translating their results to clinical practice next to their daily work, our ability to care for cardiac surgery patients would be poorer. Third, basic science training for those aiming to become practicing cardiac surgeons improves their ability to properly care for their patients. Finally, we will discuss some potentially even unexpected implications for our currently changing daily clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiology; Clinical Competence; Diffusion of Innovation; Humans; Models, Animal; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 26891169
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571305