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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2018Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently encountered neoplasms in humans. The incidence of CRC has been increasing and new strategies for prevention,... (Review)
Review
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently encountered neoplasms in humans. The incidence of CRC has been increasing and new strategies for prevention, including chemoprevention, are required to lower its incidence and associated mortality. Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Many recent basic research, epidemiological and clinical trial studies have indicated that metformin has benefits not only in diabetes treatment, but also in lowering the risk of developing cancer (including CRC). These studies indicate that metformin may be a candidate chemoprevention agent for CRC. This review article shall discuss the present evidence of metformin treatment and CRC, as well as outline our challenge in the investigation of metformin use in chemoprevention therapy for colorectal tumors.
PubMed: 30405532
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00622 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2022
PubMed: 35620673
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.802778 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Apr 2009The choice of study type is an important aspect of the design of medical studies. The study design and consequent study type are major determinants of a study's...
BACKGROUND
The choice of study type is an important aspect of the design of medical studies. The study design and consequent study type are major determinants of a study's scientific quality and clinical value.
METHODS
This article describes the structured classification of studies into two types, primary and secondary, as well as a further subclassification of studies of primary type. This is done on the basis of a selective literature search concerning study types in medical research, in addition to the authors' own experience.
RESULTS
Three main areas of medical research can be distinguished by study type: basic (experimental), clinical, and epidemiological research. Furthermore, clinical and epidemiological studies can be further subclassified as either interventional or noninterventional.
CONCLUSIONS
The study type that can best answer the particular research question at hand must be determined not only on a purely scientific basis, but also in view of the available financial resources, staffing, and practical feasibility (organization, medical prerequisites, number of patients, etc.).
Topics: Biomedical Research; Clinical Trials as Topic; Germany; Periodicals as Topic; Research; Science
PubMed: 19547627
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0262 -
Natural Products and Bioprospecting Feb 2017Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the natural-products-inspired drugs. Quebrachitol (QCT) is one of naturally occurring optically active cyclitols that has... (Review)
Review
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the natural-products-inspired drugs. Quebrachitol (QCT) is one of naturally occurring optically active cyclitols that has now received considerable attention. Until the last decade, it came to be a starting point for the lead discovery. In this review, we had a discussion on the basic research of QCT, including its source, structure, properties, and the recent advances on its application. The biological activities and QCT-inspired leads that are potentially effective for treating human diseases were also discussed.
PubMed: 28132388
DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0120-3 -
Journal of the American Society of... Jan 2018
PubMed: 29093027
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2017090965 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by dietary gluten intake in some genetically predisposed individuals; however, the additional... (Review)
Review
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by dietary gluten intake in some genetically predisposed individuals; however, the additional non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD immunopathogenesis are not well-defined. The role of the innate immune system in autoimmunity has emerged in the last few years. Genetic polymorphisms of some pattern-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been associated with several autoimmune disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evidence from basic research and clinical studies as regards the potential role of TLRs in CD immunopathogenesis. The evidence supporting the role of TLRs in CD immunopathogenesis is limited, especially in terms of basic research. However, differences in the expression and activation of TLRs between active CD patients from one side, and controls and treated CD patients from the other side, have been described in some clinical studies. Therefore, TLRs may be part of those non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD etiopathogenesis, considering their potential role in the interaction between the host immune system and some environmental factors (including viral infections and gut microbiota), which are included in the list of candidate agents potentially contributing to the determination of CD risk in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to dietary gluten intake. Further basic research and clinical studies focused on TLRs in the context of CD and other gluten-related disorders are needed.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Toll-Like Receptors; Glutens; Autoimmunity; Immune System; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 36613709
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010265 -
Innovative Surgical Sciences Jun 2018
PubMed: 31579776
DOI: 10.1515/iss-2018-0019 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Translational medicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines basic research findings with clinical practice to accelerate the development of new diagnostic tools,...
Translational medicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines basic research findings with clinical practice to accelerate the development of new diagnostic tools, therapies, and preventive strategies for human diseases [...].
Topics: Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical; Translational Science, Biomedical
PubMed: 37175431
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097726 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023
PubMed: 37256056
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194926 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Jun 2020The National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund... (Review)
Review
The National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund Research Program (SRP)] funds transdisciplinary research projects spanning the biomedical and environmental sciences to address issues related to potentially hazardous substances. We used a case study approach to identify how SRP-funded basic biomedical research has had an impact on society. We examined how transdisciplinary research projects from the SRP have advanced knowledge and led to additional clinical, public health, policy, and economic benefits. SRP basic biomedical research findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and influenced a broad range of scientific disciplines. It has informed the development of policies and interventions to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants to improve public health. Research investments by the SRP have had a significant impact on science, health, and society. Documenting the benefits of these investments provides insight into how basic research is translated to real-world applications.
Topics: Environmental Health; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Interdisciplinary Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.); United States
PubMed: 32543458
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0104