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Frontiers in Immunology 2024Anaphylaxis manifests as a severe immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated through the immunological activation of target B-cells by allergens, leading to the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Anaphylaxis manifests as a severe immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated through the immunological activation of target B-cells by allergens, leading to the release of mediators. However, the well-known underlying pathological mechanisms do not fully explain the whole variety of clinical and immunological presentations. We performed a systemic review of proteomic and metabolomic studies and analyzed the extracted data to improve our understanding and identify potential new biomarkers of anaphylaxis.
METHODS
Proteomic and metabolomic studies in both human subjects and experimental models were extracted and selected through a systematic search conducted on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to May 2023.
RESULTS
Of 137 retrieved publications, we considered 12 for further analysis, including seven on proteome analysis and five on metabolome analysis. A meta-analysis of the four human studies identified 118 proteins with varying expression levels in at least two studies. Beside established pathways of mast cells and basophil activation, functional analysis of proteomic data revealed a significant enrichment of biological processes related to neutrophil activation and platelet degranulation and metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid and icosatetraenoic acid. The pathway analysis highlighted also the involvement of neutrophil degranulation, and platelet activation. Metabolome analysis across different models showed 13 common metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan and lysoPC(18:0) lysophosphatidylcholines.
CONCLUSION
Our review highlights the underestimated role of neutrophils and platelets in the pathological mechanisms of anaphylactic reactions. These findings, derived from a limited number of publications, necessitate confirmation through human studies with larger sample sizes and could contribute to the development of new biomarkers for anaphylaxis.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024506246.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Arachidonic Acid; Proteomics; Allergens; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38384462
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328212 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Sep 2021Platelet rich plasma or PRP is a supraphysiologic concentrate of platelets derived by centrifugation and separation of whole blood components. Along with platelets and... (Review)
Review
Platelet rich plasma or PRP is a supraphysiologic concentrate of platelets derived by centrifugation and separation of whole blood components. Along with platelets and plasma, PRP contains various cell types including white blood cells (WBC)/leukocytes, both granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Researchers and clinicians have explored the application of PRP in wound healing and prevention of surgical wound infections, such as deep sternal wounds. We conducted this systematic literature review to evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence for the antibacterial effect of PRP and its potential mechanism of action. 526 records were identified for screening. 34 unique articles were identified to be included in this literature review for data summary. Overall, the quality of the clinical trials in this review is low, and collectively qualify as Oxford level C. Based on the available clinical data, there is a clear trend towards safety of autologous PRP and potential efficacy in deep sternal wound management. The preclinical and bench data is very compelling. The application of PRP in treatment of wounds or prevention of infection with PRP is promising but there is a need for foundational bench and preclinical animal research to optimize PRP as an antibacterial agent, and to provide data to aid in the design and conduct of well-designed RCTs with adequate power to confirm antimicrobial efficacy of PRP in specific disease states and wound types.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Surgical Wound Infection; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34583720
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01652-2 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2017ALS is a multisystem disorder affecting motor and cognitive functions. Bulbar-onset ALS (bALS) may be preferentially associated with cognitive and language impairments,... (Review)
Review
ALS is a multisystem disorder affecting motor and cognitive functions. Bulbar-onset ALS (bALS) may be preferentially associated with cognitive and language impairments, compared with spinal-onset ALS (sALS), stemming from a potentially unique neuropathology. The objective of this systematic review was to compare neuropathology findings reported for bALS and sALS subtypes in studies of cadaveric brains. Using Cochrane guidelines, we reviewed articles in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases using standardized search terms for ALS and neuropathology, from inception until July 16th 2016. 17 studies were accepted for analysis. The analysis revealed that both subtypes presented with involvement in motor and frontotemporal cortices, deep cortical structures, and cerebellum and were characterized by neuronal loss, spongiosis, myelin pallor, and ubiquitin+ and TDP43+ inclusion bodies. Changes in Broca and Wernicke areas - regions associated with speech and language processing - were noted exclusively in bALS. Further, some bALS cases presented with atypical pathology such as neurofibrillary tangles and basophilic inclusions, which were not found in sALS cases. Given the limited number of studies, all with methodological biases, further work is required to better understand neuropathology of ALS subtypes.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Brain; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Language Disorders
PubMed: 28163193
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.045 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells,...
The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.
Topics: Cell Degranulation; Cornea; Extracellular Traps; Eye Diseases; Humans; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils
PubMed: 34638724
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910386 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Jul 2021Currently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission has been on the rise worldwide. Predicting outcome in COVID-19 remains challenging,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Currently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission has been on the rise worldwide. Predicting outcome in COVID-19 remains challenging, and the search for more robust predictors continues. We made a systematic meta-analysis on the current literature from 1 January 2020 to 15 August 2020 that independently evaluated 32 circulatory immunological signatures that were compared between patients with different disease severity was made. Their roles as predictors of disease severity were determined as well. A total of 149 distinct studies that evaluated ten cytokines, four antibodies, four T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were included. Compared with the non-severe patients of COVID-19, serum levels of Interleukins (IL)-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly up-regulated in severe patients, with the largest inter-group differences observed for IL-6 and IL-10. In contrast, IL-5, IL-1β and Interferon (IFN)-γ did not show significant inter-group difference. Four mediators of T cells count, including CD3 T, CD4 T, CD8 T, CD4 CD25 CD127 Treg, together with CD19 B cells count and CD16 CD56 NK cells were all consistently and significantly depressed in severe group than in non-severe group. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in severe group than in non-severe group, while IgM antibody in the severe patients was slightly lower than those in the non-severe patients, and IgE antibody showed no significant inter-group differences. The combination of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-10, and T cell related immune signatures can be used as robust biomarkers to predict disease severity following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; B-Lymphocytes; COVID-19; Cytokines; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukocytes; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 34260780
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2195 -
Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2023The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic... (Review)
Review
The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic low-grade inflammation and the progression of several chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence from studies on total and differential WBC counts in shift employees. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using keywords for research published before March 1, 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted for total and differential WBC counts using a random-effects approach. A total of 25 studies covering a sample of 37,708 day and shift employees were included in this review. The studies represented America, Europe, East Asia, and Middle East. A significant increase in the total counts (×10/L) of WBC [mean difference (MD) = 0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.52; < 0.001], lymphocytes (MD = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02-0.30; = 0.02), monocytes (MD = 0.04; 95% CI: 0-0.07; = 0.03), and eosinophils (MD = 0.01; 95% CI: 0-0.01; = 0.03) was observed in shift workers compared to the day counterparts. However, neutrophils and basophils were not significantly different between the groups. Shift work significantly increases the total and differential blood counts in peripheral circulation. Therefore, total and differential WBC counts represent a relatively inexpensive biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics of diseases in shift workers.
PubMed: 38390477
DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_326_22 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that causes hyperglycemia and various life-threatening health problems. Although hematological parameters play a...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that causes hyperglycemia and various life-threatening health problems. Although hematological parameters play a significant role in the progression and pathogenesis of diabetes, many studies have explored contradictory findings. Therefore, this evidence-based study aimed to determine the pooled mean difference of white blood cell and red blood cell parameters in diabetic patients in order to investigate hematological dysfunctions in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
Articles were extensively searched in bibliographic databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, online archives and university repositories) using appropriate entry terms. For studies meeting the eligibility criteria, the first author's name, year of publication, study design and area, type of diabetes mellitus, sample size, and mean and standard deviation of hematological parameters were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata 11 for meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined using the random effects model, and heterogeneity was quantified using Higgins' statistics. Egger's test and funnel plot were performed to measure bias. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the small study effect.
RESULTS
Initially 39, 222 articles were identified. After screening of the entire methodology, 22 articles with 14,041 study participants (6,146 T2DM, 416 T1DM patients and 7,479 healthy controls) were included in this study. The pooled SMD in TLC (10/L) was 0.66 and -0.21, in T2DM and T1DM, respectively. Differences in absolute differential WBC counts for neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in T2DM were 0.84, -1.59, 3.20, 0.36 and 0.26, respectively. The differences in relative differential counts (%) in T2DM were as follows: neutrophils: 1.31, eosinophils: -0.99, basophils: 0.34, lymphocytes: -0.19 and monocyte: -0.64. The SMD of differential counts of WBC (10/L) parameters; neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils in T1DM were -0.10, -0.69, 0.19, and -0.32, respectively. The pooled SMD in RBC parameters in T2DM were as follows: RBC: -0.57 (10/μL), Hb: -0.73 g/dL and HCT: -1.22%, Where as in T1DM RBC, Hb and HCT were -1.23 (10/μL), -0.80 g/dL and -0.29%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Patients with T2DM had significantly increased TLC counts, absolute neutrophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte counts and relative counts of neutrophils and basophils in comparison to controls. On the contrary, the absolute eosinophil count and relative lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts were decreased. In T1DM, WBC parameters were significantly decreased except monocytes. RBC parameters were found to be significantly decreased in T2DM patients. In T1DM, Hb and HCT were significantly decreased. However, there is no significant difference in RBC as compared with non-diabetic controls. The findings indicated a significant alteration of WBC and RBC parameters in both diabetic patients suggesting the considerable metabolic effect of diabetes on hematologic parameters.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/export_details_pdf.php, identifier [CRD42023413486].
PubMed: 38444411
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1294290 -
Primary Care Respiratory Journal :... Jun 2009Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease with high prevalence. In AR, exposure to airborne allergens elicits an allergic response which involves epithelial accumulation of... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease with high prevalence. In AR, exposure to airborne allergens elicits an allergic response which involves epithelial accumulation of effector cells - e.g. mast cells and basophils - and subsequent inflammation. During the early response in AR, histamine has been found to be the most abundant mediator and it is associated with many symptoms of this disease mediated through the histamine H1 receptor. Therefore, anti-histamines have a role to play in the management of AR. However, the available antihistamines have certain well-known side effects like sedation and potential pro-arrythmic effects owing to their interactions with other drugs, as well as having poor or no effect on platelet activating factor (PAF) which also plays an important role in AR. This article is a qualitative systematic literature review on the pharmacological profile of rupatadine in order to evaluate its safety and efficacy in AR as compared to other anti-histamines. Rupatadine is a once-daily non-sedative, selective, long-acting H1 anti-histamine with antagonistic PAF effects through its interaction with specific receptors. Rupatadine significantly improves nasal symptoms in patients with AR. It has a good safety profile and is devoid of arrythmogenic effects. These properties make rupatadine a suitable first line anti-histamine for the treatment of AR.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyproheptadine; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Young Adult
PubMed: 18695846
DOI: 10.3132/pcrj.2008.00043 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica 2014Allergies have high prevalence, affecting all age groups, generate negative impacts on health, educational and economic systems, and they are unknown the diagnostic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Allergies have high prevalence, affecting all age groups, generate negative impacts on health, educational and economic systems, and they are unknown the diagnostic utility of screening tests. The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity, performance, safety and diagnostic efficiency of in vitro immunological techniques for allergies, 2000-2012.
METHODS
Systematic review with meta-analysis. We applied a search strategy studies in PubMed, Sciencedirect and Wiley, with search terms activation basophil test, lymphocyte transformation test, especific IgE immunoassay. We determined the reproducibility of the selection, extraction and quality assessment of articles. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, predictive values, proportion of false, accuracy, odds ratio, Youden index J and ROC curve in Meta-DiSc(es) and Epidat 3.0. software.
RESULTS
We included 18 studies with 3520 individuals, 58% patients and 42% healthy. Activation of basophils showed sensitivity of 78% (95% CI :74-81), specificity 95% (95% CI: 83-100), positive likelihood ratio 9.9 (95% CI: 6.8 to 14.4) and negative of 0.20 (95% CI = 0.13 to 0.30) a diagnostic OR 70.8 (IC95: 40.2 to 124.8) and area under the curve of 0.97. In specific immunoglobulin E sensitivity was 72% (95% CI: 69-75), specificity 90% (95% CI : 88-92), positive likelihood ratio 12.9 (95% CI = 4.0 to 41.6) negative 0.32 (95% CI:0.23-0.43), diagnostic OR 41.6 (95% CI :11.6 to 148.9) and area under the curve 0.87.
CONCLUSION
We showed that activation of basophils and specific IgE are useful tests for diagnosing allergies.
Topics: Basophils; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin E; Immunologic Tests; Lymphocyte Activation; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 24728392
DOI: 10.4321/S1135-57272014000100005 -
Heliyon Jan 2024Benralizumab, mepolizumab, and reslizumab are novel monoclonal antibodies approved for asthma, targeting eosinophilic inflammation. Benralizumab is directed against IL-5... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Benralizumab, mepolizumab, and reslizumab are novel monoclonal antibodies approved for asthma, targeting eosinophilic inflammation. Benralizumab is directed against IL-5 receptor (IL-5R), while mepolizumab and reslizumab are directed against IL-5. The three drugs cause a reduction in eosinophils, but benralizumab also causes a cytotoxic effect on eosinophils and basophils. Recently, it has been reported that suboptimal responders to benralizumab presented exacerbations associated with concomitant infections and sputum neutrophilia and the incidence of infections was greater in patients receiving benralizumab compared to mepolizumab and reslizumab. For this reason, we wanted to explore potential differences in terms of infectious adverse events between the three different -IL-5 antibodies.
METHODS
We performed a rapid systematic review on PubMed up to April 28, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating benralizumab, mepolizumab, or reslizumab in patients with asthma. Included outcomes were the reporting of any respiratory tract infection and any emergency department (ED) or hospital admission for infection or asthma exacerbation. A Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis was performed with Cochrane RevMan 5.4 to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). A subgroup analysis for the different active treatments was performed.
RESULTS
From 163 references we included 21 studies reporting the results of 23 different RCTs for a total population of 9156 patients. All studies compared -IL-5 antibodies against placebo. -IL-5 treatment resulted in non-significant differences compared to placebo in the odds for nasopharyngitis (OR = 0.90; 95 % CI from 0.76 to 1.07), pharyngitis (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI from 0.92 to 2.28), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (OR = 0.97; 95 % CI from 0.82 to 1.15), rhinitis (OR = 1.01; 95 % CI from 0.71 to 1.44), pneumonia (OR = 0.56; 95 % CI from 0.10 to 2.01), and influenza (OR = 0.84; 95 % CI from 0.65 to 1.09). We observed significant reductions in the reporting of sinusitis (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI from 0.53 to 1.06), bronchitis (OR = 0.71; 95 % CI from 0.59 to 0.86), and ED or hospital admission due to asthma exacerbation for overall -IL-5 antibodies compared to placebo (OR = 0.59; 95 % CI from 0.40 to 0.88). We were not able to discriminate whether exacerbations were associated with infections or to increased sputum eosinophilia. From the subgroup analysis, we observed differences in directions and magnitudes of the effect size in the reporting of some events. Benralizumab was associated with increased odds of pharyngitis (OR = 1.56; 95 % CI from 0.97 to 2.52) and a similar trend was observed for mepolizumab in the reporting of rhinitis (OR = 1.85; 95 % CI from 0.72 to 4.78), both non-statistically significant. In terms of effect size, benralizumab also showed higher odds for bronchitis and pneumonia in comparison to mepolizumab and reslizumab (OR = 0.76, OR = 0.69, and OR = 0.60 for bronchitis and OR = 0.80, OR = 0.20, and OR = 0.45, respectively, all non-significant).
CONCLUSION
-IL-5 treatments might have different effects on the reporting of some infection events in patients with asthma. However, the evidence is limited by sample size and far than conclusive and suggest the need of future studies to evaluate the risk of infections in patients with asthma receiving -IL-5 treatments.
PubMed: 38268596
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23725