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Hospital & Community Psychiatry Aug 1983The authors examine the broad field of behavior therapy, the theories underlying its development, and the techniques that are used to change behavior. They review recent... (Review)
Review
The authors examine the broad field of behavior therapy, the theories underlying its development, and the techniques that are used to change behavior. They review recent developments in behavior therapy as they relate to behavioral medicine and to treatment of psychiatric disorders, and briefly describe the use of cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of depression and other problems. They discuss methods of behavioral assessment and the application of behavior therapy in large populations, as well as new uses of behavioral techniques in business and industry, gerontology, and marital therapy.
Topics: Aversive Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Medicine; Biofeedback, Psychology; Cognition; Desensitization, Psychologic; Health Promotion; Humans; Life Style; Mental Disorders; Paraphilic Disorders; Patient Compliance; Relaxation Therapy; Token Economy
PubMed: 6137450
DOI: 10.1176/ps.34.8.709 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Jan 2015The historical background of the development of behaviour therapy is described. It was based on the prevailing behaviourist psychology and constituted a fundamentally...
The historical background of the development of behaviour therapy is described. It was based on the prevailing behaviourist psychology and constituted a fundamentally different approach to the causes and treatment of psychological disorders. It had a cold reception and the idea of treating the behaviour of neurotic and other patients was regarded as absurd. The opposition of the medical profession and psychoanalysts is explained. Parallel but different forms of behaviour therapy developed in the US and UK. The infusion of cognitive concepts and procedures generated a merger of behaviour therapy and cognitive therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). The strengths and limitations of the early and current approaches are evaluated.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; History, 20th Century; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 25462876
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.006 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Jun 1990Branch (The Behavior Therapist 10, 79-84, 1987) and others have expressed interest in extending the behavior analytic framework into the realm of behavior therapy and... (Review)
Review
Branch (The Behavior Therapist 10, 79-84, 1987) and others have expressed interest in extending the behavior analytic framework into the realm of behavior therapy and private events. We point out that several imagery-based behavior therapy procedures such as systematic desensitization, implosive therapy, and covert conditioning were designed to be employed according to learning principles and that covert conditioning is specifically based on principles of operant conditioning. Since the covert conditioning model already combines the advantages of behavior analysis, behavior therapy, and imagery, covert conditioning, rather than cognitive therapy, should be considered by behavior analysts seeking ways to study and modify both private and public events.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Conditioning, Operant; Humans; Imagination
PubMed: 2273075
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7916(90)90013-b -
Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents: theory, treatment adaptations, and empirical outcomes.Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2013Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed for chronically suicidal adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and emotion dysregulation.... (Review)
Review
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed for chronically suicidal adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and emotion dysregulation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate DBT is associated with improvements in problem behaviors, including suicide ideation and behavior, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), attrition, and hospitalization. Positive outcomes with adults have prompted researchers to adapt DBT for adolescents. Given this interest in DBT for adolescents, it is important to review the theoretical rationale and the evidence base for this treatment and its adaptations. A solid theoretical foundation allows for adequate evaluation of content, structural, and developmental adaptations and provides a framework for understanding which symptoms or behaviors are expected to improve with treatment and why. We first summarize the adult DBT literature, including theory, treatment structure and content, and outcome research. Then, we review theoretical underpinnings, adaptations, and outcomes of DBT for adolescents. DBT has been adapted for adolescents with various psychiatric disorders (i.e., BPD, mood disorders, externalizing disorders, eating disorders, trichotillomania) and problem behaviors (i.e., suicide ideation and behavior, NSSI) across several settings (i.e., outpatient, day program, inpatient, residential, correctional facility). The rationale for using DBT with these adolescents rests in the common underlying dysfunction in emotion regulation among the aforementioned disorders and problem behaviors. Thus, the theoretical underpinnings of DBT suggest that this treatment is likely to be beneficial for adolescents with a broad array of emotion regulation difficulties, particularly underregulation of emotion resulting in behavioral excess. Results from open and quasi-experimental adolescent studies are promising; however, RCTs are sorely needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Symptoms; Child Behavior Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 23224757
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-012-0126-7 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Apr 2020Determining the most effective strategies to educate children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be daunting. Dr Stephen Shore, an autism advocate who is... (Review)
Review
Determining the most effective strategies to educate children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be daunting. Dr Stephen Shore, an autism advocate who is on the spectrum, said, "If you've met one person with autism, you've met one person with autism." Individuals diagnosed with ASD present with unique strengths and difficulties and experience characteristics of their disability in different ways. General and special educators must be prepared with a variety of evidence-based practices and instructional strategies to engage and educate students diagnosed with autism. This article discusses current methods, techniques, evidence, and controversies for educating individuals diagnosed with autism.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Child; Curriculum; Education, Special; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans
PubMed: 32169265
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.12.005 -
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental... Dec 2021Dialectical behaviour therapy(DBT) has been widely used for borderline personality disorder(BPD). Existing studies are limited to behaviours such as self-harm, and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Dialectical behaviour therapy(DBT) has been widely used for borderline personality disorder(BPD). Existing studies are limited to behaviours such as self-harm, and the results for reducing self-harm were controversial. Few have systematically evaluated the effect of DBT on self-harming behaviours and negative emotions.
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the effects of DBT on self-harming behaviours and negative emotions in patients with BPD.
METHODS
RCTs on DBT for BPD were searched from PubMed, Embase, etc., and the results were performed by RevMan 5.3.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis demonstrated that DBT reduced self-harming behaviours, and alleviated depression, but had a negligible effect on suicidal ideation and anger. One subgroup revealed that standard DBT improved depression significantly, but DBT skills training improved poorly. Another subgroup revealed that there was a significant reduction in depression among patients receiving DBT for 4 months to 14 months, but not at 4 months.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Findings indicate that DBT can reduce self-harming behaviours and improve depression, but effects on suicidal ideation and anger are insignificant. Subgroup analysis suggests that standard DBT and DBT-ST lasting beyond 4 months benefits on BPD. Given the quality and quantity restrictions of RCTs, more high-quality RCTs need to verify these effects.
Topics: Anger; Behavior Therapy; Borderline Personality Disorder; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34519138
DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12797 -
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2009The development of evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders is a major achievement of clinical psychology, and cognitive behavior therapy is the best-established... (Review)
Review
The development of evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders is a major achievement of clinical psychology, and cognitive behavior therapy is the best-established and most widely used method. The first form of this therapy, behavior therapy, was a combination of Pavlovian and Behavioristic ideas and methods and was particularly successful in reducing fears. The infusion of cognitive ideas in the late 1970s generated the wider and more flexible cognitive behavior therapy that independent agencies in the United States and United Kingdom now recommend as the treatment of choice for most of the anxiety disorders. Remaining theoretical problems and clinical limitations need to be tackled.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Behavior Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; History, 20th Century; Humans; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Reinforcement, Psychology; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 19086834
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153635 -
American Journal of Health Promotion :... 1994
Review
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Forecasting; Humans; Obesity; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 10147276
DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-8.6.466 -
Health Psychology Review Sep 2016In this paper, we introduce the Intervention Mapping (IM) taxonomy of behaviour change methods and its potential to be developed into a coding taxonomy. That is,... (Review)
Review
In this paper, we introduce the Intervention Mapping (IM) taxonomy of behaviour change methods and its potential to be developed into a coding taxonomy. That is, although IM and its taxonomy of behaviour change methods are not in fact new, because IM was originally developed as a tool for intervention development, this potential was not immediately apparent. Second, in explaining the IM taxonomy and defining the relevant constructs, we call attention to the existence of parameters for effectiveness of methods, and explicate the related distinction between theory-based methods and practical applications and the probability that poor translation of methods may lead to erroneous conclusions as to method-effectiveness. Third, we recommend a minimal set of intervention characteristics that may be reported when intervention descriptions and evaluations are published. Specifying these characteristics can greatly enhance the quality of our meta-analyses and other literature syntheses. In conclusion, the dynamics of behaviour change are such that any taxonomy of methods of behaviour change needs to acknowledge the importance of, and provide instruments for dealing with, three conditions for effectiveness for behaviour change methods. For a behaviour change method to be effective: (1) it must target a determinant that predicts behaviour; (2) it must be able to change that determinant; (3) it must be translated into a practical application in a way that preserves the parameters for effectiveness and fits with the target population, culture, and context. Thus, taxonomies of methods of behaviour change must distinguish the specific determinants that are targeted, practical, specific applications, and the theory-based methods they embody. In addition, taxonomies should acknowledge that the lists of behaviour change methods will be used by, and should be used by, intervention developers. Ideally, the taxonomy should be readily usable for this goal; but alternatively, it should be clear how the information in the taxonomy can be used in practice. The IM taxonomy satisfies these requirements, and it would be beneficial if other taxonomies would be extended to also meet these needs.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Health Behavior; Humans; Research Design
PubMed: 26262912
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Jun 1993This article reviews Wagner's standard operating procedures (SOP) model, an information processing model of conditioning, and some of its supporting evidence. The... (Review)
Review
This article reviews Wagner's standard operating procedures (SOP) model, an information processing model of conditioning, and some of its supporting evidence. The implications of this model for behavior therapy are explored. Applying the SOP model to the anxiety reduction technique of exposure, it is predicted that: (1) rehearsal and attention-focusing should facilitate whereas distraction should attenuate the long-term benefits of exposure; and (2) successful exposure therapy should be associated with a demonstrable allocation of cognitive processing resources and indications of enhanced elaborative processing of the feared stimuli. At a more general level, the SOP model may provide a bridge between traditional behavior therapy techniques and the principles that underly cognitive therapy. That is, the SOP model suggests that even those behavior therapy techniques which represent the most straightforward applications of conditioning procedures can be seen as being mediated by information processing mechanisms.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Behavior Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Conditioning, Classical; Desensitization, Psychologic; Humans; Mental Processes; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 7903318
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7916(93)90041-t