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IUCrData Sep 2023Purple crystals of the title compound, CHClNS were obtained from the reaction of 2,5-bis-(4-propyl-1-pyrrol-2-yl)thio-phene and 3,5-di-chloro-benzaldehyde in the...
Purple crystals of the title compound, CHClNS were obtained from the reaction of 2,5-bis-(4-propyl-1-pyrrol-2-yl)thio-phene and 3,5-di-chloro-benzaldehyde in the presence of tri-fluoro-acetic acid for 3 h and subsequent addition of -chloranil. The macrocycle in the title compound can be described as a highly planar structure wthe the average deviation of the 32 macrocyclic atoms from the least-squares plane being 0.0416 Å. Its mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by two intra-molecular N-H⋯N bonds and a three-dimensional network is formed by C-H⋯π inter-actions.
PubMed: 37818474
DOI: 10.1107/S2414314623007666 -
Communications Biology Sep 2023Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) play diverse roles and their dysfunction causes immunodeficiency. However, their primordial functions remain unclear. Here, we report...
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) play diverse roles and their dysfunction causes immunodeficiency. However, their primordial functions remain unclear. Here, we report that C. elegans LROs (gut granules) promote organismal defenses against various stresses. We find that toxic benzaldehyde exposure induces LRO autofluorescence, stimulates the expression of LRO-specific genes and enhances LRO transport capacity as well as increases tolerance to benzaldehyde, heat and oxidative stresses, while these responses are impaired in glo-1/Rab32 and pgp-2 ABC transporter LRO biogenesis mutants. Benzaldehyde upregulates glo-1- and pgp-2-dependent expression of heat shock, detoxification and antimicrobial effector genes, which requires daf-16/FOXO and/or pmk-1/p38MAPK. Finally, benzaldehyde preconditioning increases resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 in a glo-1- and pgp-2-dependent manner, and PA14 infection leads to the deposition of fluorescent metabolites in LROs and induction of LRO genes. Our study suggests that LROs may play a role in systemic responses to stresses and in pathogen resistance.
Topics: Animals; Benzaldehydes; Caenorhabditis elegans; Lysosomes; Immunity
PubMed: 37704756
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05246-7 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023is the teleomorph genus associated with the section comprises approximately 20 species, which are widely distributed in nature and human environments. is usually the... (Review)
Review
is the teleomorph genus associated with the section comprises approximately 20 species, which are widely distributed in nature and human environments. is usually the key microorganism for the fermentation of traditional food, such as Fuzhuan brick tea, Liupao tea, Meju, and Karebushi; thus, is an important fungus in the food industry. has been extensively studied because it contains a series of interesting, structurally diverse, and biologically important secondary metabolites, including anthraquinones, benzaldehyde derivatives, and indol diketopiperazine alkaloids. These secondary metabolites have shown multiple biological activities, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumor, insecticidal, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all species. This review will provide recent advances on the secondary metabolites and their bioactivities in the genus for the first time and serve as a database for future research and drug development from the genus .
PubMed: 38137256
DOI: 10.3390/foods12244452 -
Toxics Jun 2023Exposure to environmental chemicals could disturb the balance of sex hormones. However, the studies on Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde exposure and sex hormones are...
Exposure to environmental chemicals could disturb the balance of sex hormones. However, the studies on Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde exposure and sex hormones are still limited. Based on the data of 1064 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we used the linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to evaluate the associations of Benzaldehyde/Isopentanaldehyde exposure with testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). A ln-unit increase in Benzaldehyde was associated with lower TT (β = -0.048, = 0.030) and E2 (β = -0.094, = 0.046) in all participants. After further adjustment for menopausal status, Benzaldehyde was negatively associated with E2 (β = -0.174, = 0.045) in females. The interaction between Benzaldehyde and gender was significant ( = 0.031). However, Isopentanaldehyde showed a positive association with SHBG and TT/E2 in all participants (all < 0.05). The positive associations of Isopentanaldehyde with TT, SHBG and TT/E2 were found in males but not in females. RCS plots illustrated the linear associations of Benzaldehyde with E2 ( = 0.05) in females and Isopentanaldehyde with TT ( = 0.07) and TT/E2 ( = 0.350) in males. The non-linear relationships were identified between Isopentanaldehyde and SHBG in males ( = 0.035). Our findings indicated the effects of Benzaldehyde and Isopentanaldehyde exposure on sex hormones, and the effects had the gender specificity. Cohort studies and high-quality in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm the specific effects and uncover the underlying mechanisms.
PubMed: 37505538
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070573 -
Microbial Cell Factories Aug 2023Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is one of the most popular flavors with wide applications in food, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the high... (Review)
Review
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is one of the most popular flavors with wide applications in food, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the high cost and limited yield of plant extraction failed to meet the vast market demand of natural vanillin. Vanillin biotechnology has emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to supply vanillin. In this review, we explored recent advances in vanillin biosynthesis and highlighted the potential of vanillin biotechnology. In particular, we addressed key challenges in using microorganisms and provided promising approaches for improving vanillin production with a special focus on chassis development, pathway construction and process optimization. Future directions of vanillin biosynthesis using inexpensive precursors are also thoroughly discussed.
Topics: Biotechnology; Benzaldehydes
PubMed: 37543600
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02144-9 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The species consists of uniquely aromatic woody perennials with large amounts of free aromatic substances in the flower cells. Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase...
Spatial and Temporal Disparity Analyses of Glycosylated Benzaldehyde and Identification and Expression Pattern Analyses of Uridine Diphosphate Glycosyltransferase Genes in .
The species consists of uniquely aromatic woody perennials with large amounts of free aromatic substances in the flower cells. Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) modifies these free aromatic substances into water-soluble glycoside-bound volatiles (GBVs) which play an important role in regulating the use of volatiles by plants for information exchange, defense, and stress tolerance. To investigate the changes in the glycosidic state of aromatic substances during the flowering period of and discern the location and expression of glycoside synthesis genes, we extracted and enzymatically hydrolyzed GBVs of and then utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize and analyze the types and contents of GBV glycosides. Further, we identified and classified the members of the UGT gene family of using the bioinformatic method and analyzed the correlation between the expression of the UGT family genes in and the changes in glycosidic content. The results showed that the benzenoids were the main aromatic substance that was glycosylated during flowering in and that glycosidic benzaldehyde was the most prevalent compound in different flower parts and at different flowering stages. The titer of glycoside benzaldehyde gradually increased during the bud stage and reached the highest level at the big bud stage (999.6 μg·g). Significantly, titers of glycoside benzaldehyde significantly decreased and stabilized after flowering while the level of free benzaldehyde, in contrast, significantly increased and then reached a plateau after the flowering process was completed. A total of 155 UGT family genes were identified in the genome, which were divided into 13 subfamilies (A-E, G-N); according to the classification of UGT gene subfamilies, the L subfamily contains 17 genes. The transcriptome analysis showed that and were highly expressed in the bud stage and were strongly correlated with the content of the glycosidic form of benzaldehyde at all stages of flowering. This study provides a theoretical basis to elucidate the function of UGT family genes in during flower development, to explore the mechanism of the storage and transportation of aromatic compounds in flower tissues, and to exploit industrial applications of aromatic products from .
PubMed: 38475550
DOI: 10.3390/plants13050703 -
Polymers Oct 2023A novel π-conjugated polymer based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and...
A novel π-conjugated polymer based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and poly(4,4']-(((4cyclopenta[2,1-:3,4-']dithiophene-4,4-diyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(4-oxobutanoic acid)) (PCPDT-COH) was prepared as a sparingly soluble material. The generation of hydroxyl radicals from PCPDT-COH in water was confirmed by using coumarin as a hydroxyl radical indicator. Furthermore, PCPDT-COH was found to catalyze the oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acid and the oxidation of benzaldehyde, indicating that PCPDT-COH can be a promising candidate for metal-free and 100% organic heterogeneous photocatalysts.
PubMed: 37896335
DOI: 10.3390/polym15204091 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023A review of the current literature shows there is no clear consensus regarding the reaction mechanisms of air-borne aromatic compounds such as toluene by photocatalytic... (Review)
Review
A review of the current literature shows there is no clear consensus regarding the reaction mechanisms of air-borne aromatic compounds such as toluene by photocatalytic oxidation. Potential oxidation reactions over TiO or TiO-based catalysts under ultraviolet and visible (UV/VIS) illumination are most commonly considered for removal of these pollutants. Along the pathways from a model pollutant, toluene, to final mineralization products (CO and HO), the formation of several intermediates via specific reactions include parallel oxidation reactions and formation of less-reactive intermediates on the TiO surface. The latter may occupy active adsorption sites and causes drastic catalyst deactivation in some cases. Major hazardous gas-phase intermediates are benzene and formaldehyde, classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 carcinogenic compounds. Adsorbed intermediates leading to catalyst deactivation are benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and cresols. The three most typical pathways of toluene photocatalytic oxidation are reviewed: methyl group oxidation, aromatic ring oxidation, and aromatic ring opening.
PubMed: 37764227
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186451 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice. Endothelial cells and their secreted...
PURPOSE
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice. Endothelial cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles are closely related to inflammation, thrombosis formation, and other processes after injury. Meanwhile, low-molecular-weight gelators have shown great potential for nasal administration. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and significance of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined with a hydrogel for nasal administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
METHODS
We chose a gel system composed of a derivative of glutamine amide and benzaldehyde as the extracellular vesicle delivery vehicle. This hydrogel was combined with extracellular vesicles extracted from mouse aortic endothelial cells and administered multiple times intranasally in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury to the heart. The delivery efficiency of the extracellular vesicle-hydrogel combination was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Echocardiography, TTC Evan's Blue and Masson's staining were used to assess mouse cardiac function, infarct area, and cardiac fibrosis level. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate changes in mouse inflammatory cells, cytokines, and vascular neogenesis.
RESULTS
The vesicles combined with the hydrogel have good absorption in the nasal cavity. The hydrogel combined with vesicles reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory Ly6C (high) monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. It can also reduce the formation of microcirculation thrombi in the infarcted area, improve endothelial barrier function, and increase microvascular density in the injured area. As a result, the heart function of mice is improved and the infarct area is reduced.
CONCLUSION
We first demonstrated that the combination of extracellular vesicles and hydrogel has a better absorption efficiency in the nasal cavity, which can improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammatory reactions and protecting endothelial function. Nasal administration of vesicles combined with hydrogel is a potential therapeutic direction.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Endothelial Cells; Administration, Intranasal; Myocardial Infarction; Hydrogels; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 37791323
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S420301 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023The water quality implications of transferring stormwater through pipes composed of concrete (new and used), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized corrugated steel (GCS),... (Review)
Review
The water quality implications of transferring stormwater through pipes composed of concrete (new and used), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized corrugated steel (GCS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and pipes subjected to cured in place pipe (CIPP) and spray in place pipe (SIPP) trenchless repair technologies on stormwater quality are reviewed. Studies involve either the use of flowing water or an immersion experimental design, with data showing contact with pipe materials can affect stormwater quality parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of minerals, metals, and organic constituents, e.g. styrene. 'In-transport' changes in pH (1-3 units), EC (2-3-fold), bicarbonate (3-44-fold), and calcium (2-17-fold) in stormwaters were reported following exposure to concrete pipes. Differences between the use of synthetic and field-collected stormwater were identified, e.g. turbidity levels in field-collected stormwater reduced on passage through all pipe types, compared to synthetic water where levels of turbidity on exposure to concrete and cement-based SIPP increased slightly. Transfer through PVC and HDPE pipes had minimal effects on physicochemical parameters, whereas exposure to galvanized corrugated steel pipes led to increases in EC, Zn, and Pb. Though limited data was available, the use of CIPP repairs and associated waste condensate generated during thermal curing and/or incomplete curing of resins was identified to release organic contaminants of concerns (e.g. styrene, vinylic monomers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and benzaldehyde). The implications of findings for both future research and stakeholders with responsibility for reducing diffuse pollution loads to receiving waters are considered.
Topics: Polyethylene; Water Quality; Styrene; Dibutyl Phthalate; Steel
PubMed: 37924396
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30508-6