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Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2020Benzocaine is well-known for its role as an anesthetic agent and largely used in oral ulcers, ear pain and dental complications. Along with lidocaine and other local... (Review)
Review
Benzocaine is well-known for its role as an anesthetic agent and largely used in oral ulcers, ear pain and dental complications. Along with lidocaine and other local anesthetics, benzocaine has marked it as an anesthetic agent in surgical procedures and as Na+ channels blocker, as well. Analogues of benzocaine have been found to possess biological potentials including antibacterial, antifungal and anti-cancer. Some derivatives were found to have conspicuous action against tuberculosis. The current review focuses to explore the century-long potential of the molecule and its analogs that have appeared in the literature. Furthermore, highlighting the biological potential of benzocaine and its analogues shall open-up new dimensions of future research to design more potent analogues.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzocaine; Drug Development; Drug Discovery; Humans
PubMed: 31518221
DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190913145423 -
American Journal of Therapeutics 2018
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Young Adult
PubMed: 29912717
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000782 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Dec 2017
Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics; Benzocaine; Cyanosis; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Laryngectomy; Methemoglobinemia; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 29102098
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.09.004 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing Oct 2012
Review
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Humans; Infant; Methemoglobinemia; Nonprescription Drugs; Risk Factors; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 22819745
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2012.07.003 -
Southern Medical Journal Jan 2000Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but important complication associated with the use of topical anesthetics. We describe four cases of methemoglobinemia induced by...
Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but important complication associated with the use of topical anesthetics. We describe four cases of methemoglobinemia induced by topical benzocaine use. We review pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and therapy for this reversible yet potentially fatal condition. Physicians who use procedures involving the application of topical anesthetics need to be aware of this side effect to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 10653076
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Aug 2006
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Female; Humans; Intradermal Tests; Middle Aged
PubMed: 16890789
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.035 -
Nursing Mar 2003
Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Benzocaine; Cyanosis; Female; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Middle Aged; Oximetry
PubMed: 12629296
DOI: 10.1097/00152193-200303000-00059 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy May 1994To report a case of benzocaine-induced inethemoglobinemia and present a review of the related literature. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To report a case of benzocaine-induced inethemoglobinemia and present a review of the related literature.
CASE REPORT
An 83-year-old man received benzocaine topical anesthesia 600 mg prior to intubation for resection of a thyroid adenoma. The patient became severely cyanotic after induction of anesthesia. After a negative workup for common causes of cyanosis. blood co-oximetry analysis revealed a methemoglobin concentration of 54.1 percent. Intravenous methylene blue reversed the methemoglobinemia, although delayed recurrence 20 h later necessitated readministration of intravenous methylene blue. The patient developed cardiovascular instability and severe neurologic depression requiring prolonged ventilatory support.
DISCUSSION
Methemoglobinemia can result from exposure to a number of drugs including benzocaine. Cyanosis, neurological and cardiac dysfunction may result when methemoglobin concentrations exceed 30 percent. Clinical diagnosis is made on the presentation of cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen administration and a distinctive arterial blood brown color; laboratory confirmation is by cooximetry. Treatment of symptomatic methemoglobinemia is by intravenous methylene blue (1-2 mg/kg) administration. Fifty-four cases of benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia have been reported in the literature. Intubation, endoscopy/bronchoscopy, and ingestion were the most common procedures in which benzocaine administration produced methemoglobinemia. Infants and the elderly were more likely to develop toxic methemoglobinemia after benzocaine exposure. Other risk factors included genetic reductase deficiencies, exposure to high doses of anesthetic, and presence of denuded skin and mucous membranes.
CONCLUSIONS
Because of the potential for severe complications, methemoglobinemia should be corrected promptly in compromised patients and those with toxic benzocaine concentrations. The possibility of masking symptoms during general anesthesia carries special risk of use of this agent in the preanesthesia setting.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzocaine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Shock
PubMed: 8069004
DOI: 10.1177/106002809402800515 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Coupled with an azo coupling reaction, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and effective surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) detection method for benzocaine was...
Coupled with an azo coupling reaction, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and effective surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) detection method for benzocaine was developed. In our study, benzocaine which is used clinically as a local anesthetic was derived with -aminothiophenol into a corresponding azo product within 5 min, resulting in a strong SERRS response with the simple addition of Ag NPs excited with a 532 nm laser. The linear correlation between SERRS intensity of dominant bands and logarithm of benzocaine concentration was investigated for quantitative determination. The method reached a limit of detection () down to 0.139 and 0.0788 μg/mL calculated with two peak intensity ratios (/ and /), which is comparable to most studies reported previously, and meanwhile had superiority in simplicity and rapidness. The quantitative measurements for pharmaceutical preparations with benzocaine were conducted without complex extraction and enrichment processes. It was indicated that the SERRS assay combined with azo derivatization reaction has implications for practical applications in more complicated systems involving biological samples, in which appropriate and simplified pretreatments were conducted to remove interfering components.
Topics: Benzocaine; Drug Compounding; Lasers; Limit of Detection; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 35889365
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144492 -
JACEP Jan 1979Intense cyanosis in a previously well, 30-month-old, white girl was found to be due to the ingestion of benzocaine. A wide variety of chemical compounds present in many...
Intense cyanosis in a previously well, 30-month-old, white girl was found to be due to the ingestion of benzocaine. A wide variety of chemical compounds present in many proprietary products, when ingested, can cause this presentation in individuals with structurally normal hemoglobin and normal activity of methemoglobin reductase. The phenomenon appears to be dose-related. Immediate recognition and initiation of appropriate therapy will effect a rapid reversal of the methemoglobinemia, and in some cases, may be life-saving. Caution should be exercised in the use of benzocaine-containing preparations.
Topics: Accidents, Home; Benzocaine; Child, Preschool; Cyanosis; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
PubMed: 533964
DOI: 10.1016/s0361-1124(79)80446-3