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Medicina Clinica Jan 2002
Topics: Benzopyrenes; Humans; Plant Oils
PubMed: 11803007
DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(02)72270-7 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology 2023Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds derived mostly from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Human skin can absorb...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds derived mostly from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Human skin can absorb PAHs and the uptake increases with their molar mass and lipophilicity. Benzopyrene is high molecular weight PAH frequently appearing in ambient pollution. It exists in two isomeric forms: benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), which exhibit different biological activity. Although certain properties of benzopyrenes suggested photoreactivity of the compounds, no direct measurements were previously conducted to characterize their photochemical activity. In this study, quantum yield and action spectra of singlet oxygen photogeneration by BaP and BeP were measured by time-resolved near-infrared phosphorescence, and the ability of both compounds to photogenerate superoxide anion was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping. The measurements revealed high efficiency of benzopyrenes to photogenerate singlet oxygen and their ability to photogenerate superoxide anion. Using HaCaT cells as single-layer skin model, we demonstrated concentration-dependent and light-dependent cytotoxicity of BaP and BeP. The compounds induced damage to the cell mitochondria and elevated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
Topics: Humans; Benzo(a)pyrene; Superoxides; Singlet Oxygen; Benzopyrenes; Keratinocytes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PubMed: 36117444
DOI: 10.1111/php.13721 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... Apr 1984
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Animals; Benzopyrenes; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Industry; Mice; Mutagens; Rats; Risk; Skin Absorption; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 6590452
DOI: No ID Found -
Lakartidningen Aug 1975
Review
Topics: Benzopyrenes; Coal Tar; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 1100943
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Dec 2022Reaction of 6-nitrochrysene with ethyl isocyanoacetate in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base gave a -annulated pyrrole ethyl ester that was used to prepare...
Reaction of 6-nitrochrysene with ethyl isocyanoacetate in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base gave a -annulated pyrrole ethyl ester that was used to prepare chrysene-fused tripyrranes and a chrysopyrrole dialdehyde. Chrysene-fused tripyrranes were reacted with a pyrrole dialdehyde, but poor yields of chrysoporphyrins were obtained. However, condensation of the chrysopyrrole dialdehyde with a series of tripyrranes afforded excellent yields of chrysoporphyrins and an acenaphtho-chrysoporphyrin. Iron(III) chloride mediated oxidative cyclization of a dihexylchrysoporphyrin afforded a benzopyrene-fused porphyrin that exhibited a strongly red-shifted electronic absorption spectrum. DFT calculations show that both chrysoporphyrins and the benzopyrene-fused porphyrin have tautomers that possess 34π electron delocalization pathways that pass through the porphyrin nucleus and the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units. Protonation gave dications that favor 36-atom 34π electron circuits. -Annulated pyrrole dialdehydes were also condensed with a carbatripyrrin to generate PAH-fused carbaporphyrins that retained fully aromatic properties.
Topics: Chrysenes; Ferric Compounds; Porphyrins; Benzopyrenes; Benzo(a)pyrene
PubMed: 36459435
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01859 -
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology Aug 1965
Topics: Benzopyrenes
PubMed: 5859247
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-6264(65)80098-0 -
Chemosphere Mar 2024Benzopyrene (BaP) stands as a potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule, boasting five fused aromatic rings, making its way into the human food chain through...
Benzopyrene (BaP) stands as a potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule, boasting five fused aromatic rings, making its way into the human food chain through soil contamination. The persistent environmental presence of PAHs in soil, attributed to industrial exposure, is primarily due to their low molecular weight and hydrophobic nature. To preemptively address the entry of BaP into the food chain, the application of nanocomposites was identified as an effective remediation strategy. Post-synthesis, comprehensive characterization tests employing techniques such as UV-DRS, XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and DLS unveiled the distinctive features of the g-CN-SnS nanocomposites. These nanocomposites exhibited spherical shapes embedded on layers of nanosheets, boasting particle diameters measuring 88.9 nm. Subsequent tests were conducted to assess the efficacy of eliminating benzopyrene from a combination of PAH molecules and g-CN-SnS nanocomposites. Varied parameters, including PAH concentration, adsorbent dosage, and suspension pH, were systematically explored. The optimized conditions for the efficient removal of BaP utilizing the g-CN-SnS nanocomposite involved 2 μg/mL of benzopyrene, 10 μg/mL of the nanocomposite, and a pH of 5, considering UV light as the irradiation source. The investigation into the mechanism governing BaP elimination closely aligned with batch adsorption results involved a thorough exploration of adsorption kinetics and isotherms. Photocatalytic degradation of benzopyrene was achieved, reaching a maximum of 86 % in 4 h and 36 % in 2 h, with g-CN-SnS nanocomposite acting as the catalyst. Further validation through HPLC data confirmed the successful removal of BaP from the soil matrix.
Topics: Humans; Nanocomposites; Graphite; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzopyrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Soil; Catalysis; Nitrogen Compounds
PubMed: 38307332
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141352 -
Die Naturwissenschaften Apr 1971
Topics: Animals; Benzopyrenes; Cattle; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Rats; Sarcoma, Experimental; Swine
PubMed: 5574195
DOI: 10.1007/BF00591857 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of indoor air in sport facilities in one of the sport centres in Poland with respect to microclimatic parameters...
The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of indoor air in sport facilities in one of the sport centres in Poland with respect to microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity), particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, and PM1), gas concentrations (oxygen, ozone, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and benzopyrene), and microbial contamination (the total number of bacteria, specifically staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus, haemolytic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes, and the total number of fungi and xerophilic fungi). Measurements were made three times in May 2022 at 28 sampling points in 5 different sporting areas (the climbing wall, swimming pool, swimming pool changing room, and basketball and badminton courts) depending on the time of day (morning or afternoon) and on the outside building. The obtained results were compared with the standards for air quality in sports facilities. The air temperature (21−31 °C) was at the upper limit of thermal comfort, while the air humidity (RH < 40%) in the sports halls in most of the locations was below demanded values. The values for dust pollution in all rooms, except the swimming pool, exceeded the permissible limits, especially in the afternoons. Climatic conditions correlated with a high concentration of dust in the indoor air. Particulate matter concentrations of all fractions exceeded the WHO guidelines in all researched premises; the largest exceedances of standards occurred for PM2.5 (five-fold) and for PM10 (two-fold). There were no exceedances of gaseous pollutant concentrations in the air, except for benzopyrene, which resulted from the influence of the outside air. The total number of bacteria (5.1 × 101−2.0 × 104 CFU m−3) and fungi (3.0 × 101−3.75 × 102 CFU m−3) was exceeded in the changing room and the climbing wall hall. An increased number of staphylococci in the afternoon was associated with a large number of people training. The increased concentration of xerophilic fungi in the air correlated with the high dust content and low air humidity. Along with the increase in the number of users in the afternoon and their activities, the concentration of dust (several times) and microorganisms (1−2 log) in the air increased by several times and 1−2 log, respectively. The present study indicates which air quality parameters should be monitored and provides guidelines on how to increase the comfort of those who practice sports and work in sports facilities.
Topics: Humans; Dust; Air Pollution, Indoor; Particulate Matter; Sulfur Dioxide; Basketball; Benzopyrenes; Air Pollutants; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36674305
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021551 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2021Hemocytes are critical to the immune defense system of bivalves, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can mediate the immunity of bivalves by affecting the...
Hemocytes are critical to the immune defense system of bivalves, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can mediate the immunity of bivalves by affecting the apoptosis of hemocytes. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Chlamys farreri, as an important economic bivalve, was selected as the research subject for this experimentation. The hemocytes were exposed to typical PAHs-benzopyrene (B[a]P) in vitro to explore the apoptosis mechanism through detecting oxidative stress and oxidative damage-related indicators, apoptosis pathway factors, and apoptosis rate within 24 h. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) content in hemocytes increased significantly under B[a]P exposure, while antioxidant genes, glutathione peroxidase content and total antioxidant capacity all showed a trend of first rising and subsequent falling. B[a]P also caused serious damage to DNA and lysosomal membrane stability. The proapoptotic factors genes in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated. Besides, mitochondrial membrane potential stability was significantly reduced and caspase 9 enzyme activity was significantly improved with the B[a]P stimulation. The factors of death receptor pathway were also significantly up-regulated by B[a]P. Moreover, the expression levels of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases were also induced. The gene expression and enzyme activity of the caspase 3 and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased under B[a]P exposure. In conclusion, these results indicated that ROS was induced by B[a]P, and further triggered the oxidative stress and oxidative damage in hemocytes. B[a]P induced hemocyte apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis, and the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was affected by ROS. In addition, BPDE and MAPKs may play important roles in the B[a]P-mediated apoptosis pathway. This study deepens understanding of the apoptosis pathway and the immunotoxicity mechanism in bivalves hemocytes stimulated by persistent organic pollutants.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzopyrenes; Hemocytes; Pectinidae
PubMed: 34217077
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148731