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Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The commensal skin bacterium plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and also causes opportunistic infections of implanted medical devices due to its ability...
BACKGROUND
The commensal skin bacterium plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and also causes opportunistic infections of implanted medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms on biomaterial surfaces. Poly--(1→6)--acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) is an extracellular polysaccharide that mediates biofilm formation and biocide resistance in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine whether produces PNAG, and whether PNAG contributes to biofilm formation and biocide resistance .
METHODS
PNAG was detected on the surface of cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy using the antigen-specific human IgG1 monoclonal antibody F598. PNAG was detected in biofilms by measuring the ability of the PNAG-specific glycosidase dispersin B to inhibit biofilm formation and sensitize biofilms to biocide killing.
RESULTS
Monoclonal antibody F598 bound to the surface of cells. Dispersin B inhibited attachment of cells to polystyrene rods, inhibited biofilm formation by in glass and polypropylene tubes, and sensitized biofilms to killing by benzoyl peroxide and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
produces PNAG, and PNAG contributes to biofilm formation and biocide resistance . PNAG may play a role in skin colonization, biocide resistance, and virulence .
PubMed: 38751716
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386017 -
Cureus Mar 2024Introduction Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems encountered in the dermatology department. It is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous...
Introduction Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems encountered in the dermatology department. It is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically presenting with comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. With its particularly high prevalence in the younger population, it has significant adverse sequelae on patient's quality of life. At present, due to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of acne, various therapeutic modalities are available. The current management strategies generally follow a systematic treatment escalation based on disease severity and treatment response. However meticulous choice of appropriate anti-acne medicine for the acne type is the key to the management plan. Starting with mild to moderate types of acne as per the Leeds photometric grading scale, the most useful topical agents include topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and topical antibiotics while systemic therapies such as oral antibiotics or isotretinoin are generally reserved for moderate to severe acne treatment. The skin of color (SOC) population is a relatively neglected group concerning the optimum and safe management strategies in different dermatological conditions and acne is no different, where there remains a need for comparing the available topical modalities for appropriate drug selection in the treatment of mild to moderate acne in SOC population. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical 4% benzoyl peroxide versus topical 0.1% adapalene in the treatment of acne vulgaris in the SOC population. Methods The participants were divided into two groups, groups A and B. A total of 64 patients of both genders, with acne vulgaris (duration > three months) were included in the study. In group A, 32 patients were administered topical 0.1% adapalene whereas, in group B, 32 patients were given topical 4% benzoyl peroxide. Both medicines were applied at night daily. Patients were called for follow-up after 12 weeks. In both groups, the final efficacy evaluation was done using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score after 12 weeks of treatment period. Results In group A, the age ranged from 15 to 40 years with a mean age of 25.781±3.93 years while the duration of complaint was 5.843±1.27 months. GAGS score was 25.281±2.65 and mean BMI was 23.092±3.51 kg/m2. In group B, the mean age was 25.187± 4.06 years, the duration of complaint was 7.375±2.25 months, the GAGS score was 23.906± 2.60 while the mean BMI was 21.485±3.88 kg/m2. Efficacy in group A was noted in 25 (78.1%) patients as compared to 24 (75%) patients in group B (p =0.768). Conclusion The present study showed that the safety and efficacy of 0.1% adapalene the traditional drug 4% benzoyl peroxide in the SOC population was comparable.
PubMed: 38576696
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55555 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2024Topical clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, is commonly combined with benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid for acne vulgaris (AV) treatment. While oral and topical... (Review)
Review
Topical clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, is commonly combined with benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid for acne vulgaris (AV) treatment. While oral and topical clindamycin carry warnings/contraindications regarding gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs), real-world incidence of GI AEs with topical clindamycin is unknown. This review provides background information and an overview of safety data of topical clindamycin for treating AV. Available safety data from published literature, previously unpublished worldwide pharmacovigilance data, and two retrospective cohort studies were reviewed. According to pharmacovigilance data, the rate of GI adverse drug reactions with topical clindamycin-containing products was 0.000045% (64/141,084,533). Results from two retrospective medical record studies of patients with AV indicated that physicians prescribe topical clindamycin equally to patients with or without inflammatory bowel disease history, and that rates of pseudomembranous colitis in these patients were low. In 8 published pivotal clinical trials of topical clindamycin for AV, GI AEs were reported in 1.4% of participants. Limitations include under/inaccurate reporting of AEs or prescription data and limited generalizability. This review of published case reports, worldwide pharmacovigilance data, retrospective US prescription data, and clinical trials safety data demonstrates that the incidence of colitis in patients exposed to topical clindamycin is extremely low.
Topics: Humans; Clindamycin; Retrospective Studies; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzoyl Peroxide
PubMed: 38568005
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2325603 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Mar 2024Acne is a common skin disease with a high psychosocial burden, affecting mostly adolescents and youth worldwide. Management of acne is often challenged by cutaneous side... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Acne is a common skin disease with a high psychosocial burden, affecting mostly adolescents and youth worldwide. Management of acne is often challenged by cutaneous side effects that leads to therapeutic intolerance, poor compliance and impaired efficacy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a single-centre, evaluatorblinded, split-face, randomised study investigating the effects of thermal spring water (TSW) in improving efficacy and tolerability of standard acne therapy. Total of 31 participants with mild-to-moderate acne were recruited and subjected to TSW spray to one side of the face 4 times daily for 6 weeks in addition to standard therapy. The other side received standard therapy only.
RESULTS
Six (19.4%) males and 25 (80.6%) female with mean age 25.1±6.13 participated, 15 (48.4%) had mild acne while 16 (51.6%) had moderate acne. Seven (22.6%) were on oral antibiotics, 25 (80.6%) used adapalene, 6 (19.4%) tretinoin and 21 (67.7%) benzoyl peroxide. Skin hydration improved and better on spring water treated side with mean difference12.41±30.31, p = 0.04 at the forehead, 39.52±65.14, p < 0.01 at the cheek and 42.172±71.71, p < 0.01 at the jaw at week 6. Participants also report significant reduction in dryness at the treated side at week 6, mean difference 0.93±0.10, p < 0.001. TEWL, sebum and pH were comparable on both sides with no significant differences. Tolerability towards standard therapy improved as early week 2 with reduction of stinging following application of topical therapy (mean difference 0.62±1.43, p = 0.03), increase in skin feeling good (-1.79±1.70, p < 0.001) and skin suppleness (0.62±1.43, p < 0.001). These improvements were significantly maintained till week 6. Cardiff acne disability index significantly improved at week 6 (p<0.001) despite no significant changes in Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale score before and after treatment.
CONCLUSION
TSW may have a role as an adjunct to standard acne therapy by improving hydration, acne disability index and tolerability towards standard topical treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Acne Vulgaris; Adapalene; Benzoyl Peroxide; Hot Springs; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38553920
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmaceutics Feb 2024Acne vulgaris is a common dermatologic disorder that affects approximately 85% of teenagers, which significantly impacts the quality of life in adolescents. It is a... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatologic disorder that affects approximately 85% of teenagers, which significantly impacts the quality of life in adolescents. It is a chronic disease of the sebaceous follicles that is multifactorial in etiology. Topical treatment is the first choice for mild and moderate acne, while systemic therapy is reserved for severe and certain moderate cases. Topical treatments include retinoids (e.g., tretinoin and adapalene), antibiotics (e.g., clindamycine), and other agents (e.g., benzoyl peroxide and azelaic acid), often applied in combination. The mechanisms of action include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic activities, as well as sebum secretion reduction, and the normalization of follicular keratinization. However, these topical agents commonly induce side effects, such as dryness, burning, stinging, peeling, redness, erythema, and photosensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the side effects of anti-acne drugs, while maintaining or enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness. This article aims to comprehensively outline nanotechnology strategies, particularly the use of phospholipid-based nanocarriers like liposomes and related vesicles, to enhance therapeutic efficacy, skin tolerability, and patient compliance in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In addition, novel active ingredients encapsulated in vesicles beyond those recommended in official guidelines are discussed.
PubMed: 38543203
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030309 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Mar 2024
Topics: Benzene; Benzoyl Peroxide
PubMed: 38483533
DOI: 10.1289/EHP13984 -
Drugs Mar 2024Rosacea, a chronic skin condition affecting millions of people in the USA, leads to significant social and professional stigmatization. Effective management strategies... (Review)
Review
Rosacea, a chronic skin condition affecting millions of people in the USA, leads to significant social and professional stigmatization. Effective management strategies are crucial to alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Encapsulated benzoyl peroxide 5% (E-BPO 5%) is a newly FDA-approved topical treatment for rosacea that shows promise in enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing skin irritation. This review aims to assess the role of recently FDA approved E-BPO 5% in the current treatment landscape for rosacea management, as it is not yet included in clinical guidelines that predominantly rely on older approved therapies. The review focuses on randomized controlled trials conducted in English-speaking adults. It evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of various US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents used for rosacea treatment, including E-BPO cream, metronidazole gel, azelaic acid gel and foam, ivermectin cream, minocycline foam, oral doxycycline, brimonidine gel, and oxymetazoline HCl cream. Existing therapies have been effective in reducing papulopustular lesions and erythema associated with rosacea for many years. E-BPO 5% offers a promising addition to the treatment options due to its microencapsulation technology, which prolongs drug delivery time and aims to improve therapeutic response while minimizing skin irritation. Further research is necessary to determine the exact role of E-BPO 5% in the therapeutic landscape for rosacea. However, based on available evidence, E-BPO 5% shows potential as a valuable treatment option for managing inflammatory lesions of rosacea, and it may offer benefits to patients including: rapid onset of action, demonstrated efficacy by Week 2, excellent tolerability, and sustained long-term results for up to 52 weeks of treatment.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Benzoyl Peroxide; Dermatologic Agents; Metronidazole; Quality of Life; Rosacea; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38418773
DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02003-w -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Feb 2024Acne in adult females is triggered mainly by hormones. Doxycycline is a reference treatment in acne. Spironolactone targets the androgen receptor of sebaceous glands and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Spironolactone Compared with Doxycycline in Moderate Acne in Adult Females: Results of the Multicentre, Controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Prospective and Parallel Female Acne Spironolactone vs doxyCycline Efficacy (FASCE) Study.
Acne in adult females is triggered mainly by hormones. Doxycycline is a reference treatment in acne. Spironolactone targets the androgen receptor of sebaceous glands and is prescribed off-label for female adult acne. This multicentre, controlled, randomized, double-blind prospective and parallel study assessed the efficacy of spironolactone compared with doxycycline in adult female acne. A total of 133 women with moderate acne were randomized to receive treatment with: (i) doxycycline and benzoyl peroxide for 3 months followed by a 3-month treatment with its placebo and benzoyl peroxide, or (ii) spironolactone and benzoyl peroxide for 6 months. Successfully treated patients continued with benzoyl peroxide or spironolactone alone for a further 6 months. Primary endpoints were treatment success at month 4 and month 6 with the AFAST score. At all visits, the ECLA score, lesion counts, local and systemic safety and quality of life were assessed. Spironolactone performed better at month 4 and showed a statistically significant better treatment success after 6 months than doxycycline (p = 0.007). Spironolactone was 1.37-times and 2.87-times more successful compared with doxycycline at respective time-points. AFAST and ECLA scores, as well as lesion counts always improved more with spironolactone. Patients' quality of life was better with spironolactone at month 4 and month 6. Spironolactone was very well tolerated. This is the first study to show that, in female adults with moderate acne, treatment with spironolactone is significantly more successful than doxycycline and very well tolerated.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Doxycycline; Spironolactone; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Acne Vulgaris; Benzoyl Peroxide; Treatment Outcome; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 38380975
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.26002 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024With the advancement of industrial economies, incidents involving spills of petroleum products have become increasingly frequent. The resulting pollutants pose...
With the advancement of industrial economies, incidents involving spills of petroleum products have become increasingly frequent. The resulting pollutants pose significant threats to air, water, soil, plant and animal survival, as well as human health. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose served as the matrix and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator, while butyl acrylate (BA) and ,'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were employed as graft monomers. Through free radical graft polymerization, cellulose-graft-poly(butyl acrylate-,'-methylene bisacrylamide) [Cell-g-P(BA-MBA)], possessing oil-adsorbing properties, was synthesized. The chemical structure, elemental composition, surface morphology and wetting properties of the graft polymerization products have been characterized, using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle testing. The adsorption properties of Cell-g-P(BA-MBA) for various organic solvents and oils were then assessed. The experimental results demonstrated that Cell-g-P(BA-MBA) exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 37.55 g/g for trichloromethane. Adsorption kinetics experiments indicated a spontaneous and exothermic process involving physical adsorption, conforming to the Freundlich isotherm model. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics experiments revealed that Cell-g-P(BA-MBA) displayed favorable reuse and regeneration performance, maintaining its adsorption capacity essentially unchanged over fifteen adsorption-desorption cycles.
PubMed: 38255493
DOI: 10.3390/ma17020325