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BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2024Periodontitis is the most common oral disease in dogs, and its progression and severity are influenced by risk factors, such as age and body size. Recent studies have...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is the most common oral disease in dogs, and its progression and severity are influenced by risk factors, such as age and body size. Recent studies have assessed the canine oral microbiota in relation to different stages of periodontitis and niches within the oral cavity. However, knowledge of the bacterial composition at different ages and body sizes, especially in puppies, is limited. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiota in the healthy gingiva of small breed puppies using next-generation sequencing. Additionally, we assessed the impact of dental care practices and the presence of retained deciduous teeth on the oral microbiota.
RESULTS
In this study, plaque samples were collected from the gingival margin of 20 small breed puppies (age, 6.9 ± 0.6 months). The plaque samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16 S rRNA. The microbiota of the plaque samples was composed mostly of gram-negative bacteria, primarily Proteobacteria (54.12%), Bacteroidetes (28.79%), and Fusobacteria (5.11%). Moraxella sp. COT-017, Capnocytophaga cynodegmi COT-254, and Bergeyella zoohelcum COT-186 were abundant in the oral cavity of the puppies. In contrast, Neisseria animaloris were not detected. The high abundance of Pasteurellaceae suggests that this genus is characteristic of the oral microbiota in puppies. Dental care practices and the presence of retained deciduous teeth showed no effects on the oral microbiota.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, many bacterial species previously reported to be detected in the normal oral cavity of adult dogs were also detected in 6-8-month-old small breed dogs. On the other hand, some bacterial species were not detected at all, while others were detected in high abundance. These data indicate that the oral microbiota of 6-8-month-old small breed dogs is in the process of maturating in to the adult microbiota and may also have characteristics of the small dog oral microbiota.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gingiva; Periodontitis; Microbiota; Bacteria; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38580990
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03973-5 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive microbial source amplicon database tailored for source tracking in veterinary settings. We rigorously tested our...
In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive microbial source amplicon database tailored for source tracking in veterinary settings. We rigorously tested our locally curated source tracking database by selecting a frequently accessed environment by veterinary students and veterinarians. By exploring the composition of resident microbiota and identifying potential sources of contamination, including animals, the environment, and human beings, we aimed to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of microbial transmission within veterinary facilities. The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the bacterial taxonomic profiles of restroom surfaces. Bacterial sources were identified by linking our metadata-enriched local database to the microbiota profiling analysis using high-quality sequences. Microbiota profiling shows the dominance of four phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. If the restroom cleaning process did not appear to impact microbiota composition, significant differences regarding bacterial distribution were observed between male and female users in different sampling campaigns. Combining 16S rDNA profiling to our specific sources labeling pipeline, we found aquatic and human sources were the primary environment keywords in our campaigns. The probable presence of known animal sources (bovids, insects, equids, suids…) associated with bacterial genera such as , , , and was also involved in restroom surfaces, emphasizing the proximity between these restrooms and the exchange of bacteria between people involved in animals handling. To summarize, we have demonstrated that DNA sequence-based source tracking may be integrated with high-throughput bacterial community analysis to enrich microbial investigation of potential bacterial contamination sources, especially for little known or poorly identified taxa. However, more research is needed to determine the tool's utility in other applications.
PubMed: 37630613
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082053 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2023The high complexity of the oral microbiota of healthy dogs and the close exposure of humans to companion animals represent a risk of the transmission of potential...
The high complexity of the oral microbiota of healthy dogs and the close exposure of humans to companion animals represent a risk of the transmission of potential zoonotic microorganisms to humans, especially through dog bites, including multidrug-resistant ones. Nonetheless, a limited number of comprehensive studies have focused on the diversity of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavities of healthy dogs, particularly based on modern molecular techniques. We investigated bacterial and fungal organisms in the oral cavities of 100 healthy dogs based on a combination of conventional and selective microbiological culture, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and next-generation sequencing. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates and A resistance gene were assessed. A total of 213 bacteria and 20 fungi were isolated. (40/100 = 40%), α-hemolytic (37/100 = 37%), and (22/100 = 22%) were the most prevalent bacteria diagnosed by microbiological culture and MALDI-TOF MS, whereas (10/100 = 10%) was the most common fungi identified. Based on next-generation sequencing of selected 20 sampled dogs, (32.5%), (16.3%), (12.8%), (9.5%), (5%), (3.8%), and (3.4%) genera were prevalent. A high multidrug resistance rate was observed in isolates, particularly to azithromycin (19/19 = 100%), penicillin (15/19 = 78.9%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (15/19 = 78.9%). In addition, the A resistance gene was detected in 6.1% (3/49) of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Here, we highlight the microbial complexity of the oral mucosa of healthy dogs, including potential zoonotic microorganisms and multidrug-resistant bacteria, contributing with the investigation of the microbiota and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity of healthy dogs.
PubMed: 37570276
DOI: 10.3390/ani13152467 -
Veterinary Sciences Jun 2023The pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of GAMS on oral microbiota in healthy dog subjects. Thirty-eight dogs were recruited and randomly allocated to the...
The pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of GAMS on oral microbiota in healthy dog subjects. Thirty-eight dogs were recruited and randomly allocated to the placebo ( = 19) and treatment groups ( = 19). The dogs were treated with mouth spray once daily for 42 days. The changes in the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and calculus index (CI) were measured at baseline (day 0) and end of the study (42nd day). The changes in the oral microbial composition of representative dogs (placebo, = 7; and treatment, = 7) were also evaluated at baseline and end of the study. Oral microbial composition was assessed by sequencing. The sequences were annotated using the QIIME 2.0. The GI, PI, and CI indexes were reduced after the GAMS usage. The abundance of the commensal bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, genera , and was improved after six weeks of GAMS usage. GAMS reduced the pathogenic bacterial species, including sp., sp., , and Moreover, some pathogenic bacterial abundances were increased at the end of the study. All the microbial variations were observed within the group. The inter-group analysis revealed that the changes were unrelated to GAMS usage. Further studies need to be carried out using more experimental subjects to confirm the effectiveness of GAMS. More metagenomic data are required to evidence the GMAS impact on the oral microbiome of healthy dogs.
PubMed: 37505829
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070424 -
Case Reports in Ophthalmological... 2023We report a case of bacterial keratitis secondary to an undescribed sp. spp. are not easily cultured, and many reports have identified unculturable isolates through...
We report a case of bacterial keratitis secondary to an undescribed sp. spp. are not easily cultured, and many reports have identified unculturable isolates through broad-range bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR). . A healthy 29-year-old male was attempting to repair an acrylic cannabis water pipe when it shattered and a fragment hit him in the left eye. Two weeks later, he presented with foreign body sensation, scleral injection, and photophobia that were refractory to prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Following a subconjunctival triamcinolone injection, the patient developed a hypopyon and multifocal, midstromal, epithelized corneal infiltrates. Broad-range PCR of the aqueous fluid detected deoxyribonucleic acid closely matching the genus. Empiric treatment directed toward gram-negative bacteria led to the clinical resolution of the inflammation. This is the first reported case of ocular inflammation secondary to a spp.. As broad-range PCR testing becomes more accessible, we anticipate that additional PCR-positive and culture-negative scenarios will occur.
PubMed: 37273837
DOI: 10.1155/2023/3288984 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reportedly associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the microbiome dysregulation of IgAN patients across multiple niches remains unclear....
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reportedly associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the microbiome dysregulation of IgAN patients across multiple niches remains unclear. To gain a systematic understanding of microbial dysbiosis, we conducted large-scale 16S rRNA gene sequencing in IgAN patients and healthy volunteers across 1,732 oral, pharynx, gut, and urine samples. We observed a niche-specific increase of several opportunistic pathogens, including and in the oral and pharynx, whereas some beneficial commensals decreased in IgAN patients. Similar alterations were also observed in the early versus advanced stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Moreover, , and in the oral and pharynx were positively associated with creatinine and urea, indicating renal lesions. Random forest classifiers were developed by using the microbial abundance to predict IgAN, achieving an optimal accuracy of 0.879 in the discovery phase and 0.780 in the validation phase. This study provides microbial profiles of IgAN across multiple niches and underlines the potential of these biomarkers as promising, noninvasive tools with which to differentiate IgAN patients for clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dysbiosis; Biomarkers; Microbiota
PubMed: 37227280
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05202-22 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Aged; Flavobacteriaceae; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 36951461
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00408-22 -
Closing the Brief Case: Bergeyella zoohelcum Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised 69-Year-Old Patient.Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Aged; Flavobacteriaceae; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 36951459
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00409-22 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Oral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment...
BACKGROUND
Oral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals, this study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We collected subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 112 individuals (31 healthy controls, 24 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with COPD, and 29 patients with both periodontitis and COPD). The oral microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity and functional prediction analysis were performed.
RESULTS
We observed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis in both types of oral samples. Using LEfSe and DESeq2 analyses, we found differentially abundant genera that may be potential biomarkers for each group. is the predominant genus in COPD. Ten genera, including , , and were predominant in periodontitis. and were the signature of the healthy controls. The significantly different pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between healthy controls and other groups were concentrated in genetic information processing, translation, replication and repair, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.
CONCLUSIONS
We found the significant differences in the bacterial community and functional characterization of oral microbiota in periodontitis, COPD and comorbid diseases. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque may be more appropriate for reflecting the difference of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients with COPD. These results may provide potentials for predicting, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 36844402
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121399 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Dec 2022Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral health is associated with smoking and cardiovascular outcomes, but there are gaps in knowledge... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral health is associated with smoking and cardiovascular outcomes, but there are gaps in knowledge of many mechanisms connecting smoking to cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesize literature on smoking and the oral microbiome, and smoking and cardiovascular risk/disease, respectively. A secondary aim is to identify common associations between the oral microbiome and cardiovascular risk/disease to smoking, respectively, to identify potential shared oral microbiome-associated mechanisms. We identified several oral bacteria across varying studies that were associated with smoking. Atopobium, Gemella, Megasphaera, Mycoplasma, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Treponema, and Veillonella were increased, while Bergeyella, Haemophilus, Lautropia, and Neisseria were decreased in the oral microbiome of smokers versus non-smokers. Several bacteria that were increased in the oral microbiome of smokers were also positively associated with cardiovascular outcomes including Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema, and Veillonella. We review possible mechanisms that may link the oral microbiome to smoking and cardiovascular risk including inflammation, modulation of amino acids and lipids, and nitric oxide modulation. Our hope is this review will inform future research targeting the microbiome and smoking-related cardiovascular disease so possible microbial targets for cardiovascular risk reduction can be identified.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Bacteria; Smoking; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 36503487
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03785-x