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Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Jul 2018Promising therapies are being developed or are in early-stage clinical trials that employ the use of alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides to cure hematologic... (Review)
Review
Promising therapies are being developed or are in early-stage clinical trials that employ the use of alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides to cure hematologic malignancies. However, these targeted radionuclide therapies have not yet met their expected potential for cancer treatment. A primary reason is lack of biodistribution, dosimetry, and dose-response information at cellular levels, which are directly related to optimal targeting, achieving a requisite therapeutic dose, and assessing the safety profile in normal organs and tissues. The current set of imaging tools, such as film autoradiography, scintigraphy, and SPECT/CT, available to researchers and clinicians do not allow the effective assessment of radiation absorbed dose distributions at cellular levels because resolutions are poor, measurement and analytical times are long, and the spatial resolutions are low-generally resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratios. Recently, new radiation digital autoradiography imaging tools have been developed that promise to address these challenges. They include scintillation-, gaseous-, and semiconductor-based radiation-detection technologies that localize the emission location of charged particles on an event-by-event basis at resolutions up to 20 µm FWHM for alpha and beta emitters. These imaging systems allow radionuclide activity concentrations to be quantified to unprecedented levels (mBq/µg) and provide real-time imaging and simultaneous imaging capabilities of both high- and low-activity samples without dynamic range limitations that plague traditional autoradiography. Additionally, large-area imagers are available (>20 × 20 cm) to accommodate high-throughput imaging studies. This article reviews the various detector classes and their associated performance trade-offs to provide researchers with an overview of the current technologies available for selecting an optimal detector configuration to meet imaging requirement needs.
Topics: Alpha Particles; Autoradiography; Beta Particles; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 29852946
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.008 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Sep 2017In recent years, new α-particle-, β-particle-, and Auger electron-emitting radiometals-such as Cu, Sc, Ho, Tb, Tb, Pb/Bi, Ac, and Bi-have been produced and evaluated... (Review)
Review
In recent years, new α-particle-, β-particle-, and Auger electron-emitting radiometals-such as Cu, Sc, Ho, Tb, Tb, Pb/Bi, Ac, and Bi-have been produced and evaluated (pre)clinically for therapeutic purposes. In this short review article, the most important routes of production of these radiometals are critically discussed, as are examples of their application in preclinical and clinical studies.
Topics: Alpha Particles; Animals; Beta Particles; Electrons; Humans; Metals; Radiochemistry; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 28864619
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186825 -
Applied Radiation and Isotopes :... Dec 2022The suitable choice of an activator and host combination is essential for synthesizing very sensitive thermoluminescence phosphors. In addition, conspicuous synthesis...
The suitable choice of an activator and host combination is essential for synthesizing very sensitive thermoluminescence phosphors. In addition, conspicuous synthesis variables must be optimized to achieve the maximal response. The research presented herein shows that the most recommendable conditions to improve the thermoluminescence response of beta irradiated GdEuAlO phosphors were: x = 0.02 for europium stoichiometry and 1500 °C for the calcination temperature. The glow curve recorded for the most sensitive phosphor was partially erased by photo-bleaching, and thus, should yield optically stimulated luminescence.
Topics: Beta Particles; Europium; Luminescence; Temperature
PubMed: 36183661
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110471 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jun 2020Particle radioactivity is a property of airborne particles caused by the presence of naturally occurring or anthropogenic radionuclides. Recent studies have found...
Particle radioactivity is a property of airborne particles caused by the presence of naturally occurring or anthropogenic radionuclides. Recent studies have found associations between particle radioactivity and adverse health outcomes, including changes in blood pressure and lung function. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of particle radioactivity and factors influencing its variability have not been extensively studied. We address these knowledge gaps using measurements of gross beta activity, collected at seven Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) RadNet monitors located in and around Massachusetts. We apply back-trajectory analysis to identify prevailing air mass trajectories and find that these trajectories strongly influence seasonal trends in beta activity. We also evaluate the effects of different meteorological predictors on daily beta activity concentrations using a mixed-effect model. Important predictors of beta activity include air mass trajectories, temperature, and relative humidity. Finally, we create a series of random forest models to impute missing beta activity concentrations at each RadNet monitor for use in future health studies. This is the first study to analyze spatiotemporal trends in particle radioactivity using measurements from the EPA RadNet system.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Beta Particles; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Massachusetts; Particle Size; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency
PubMed: 32363859
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00454 -
The Oncologist Feb 2006
Topics: Beta Particles; Humans; Neoplasms; Radioactivity; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 16476838
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-181 -
Pharmacological Research Oct 2020Targeted radionuclide therapy, known as molecular radiotherapy is a novel therapeutic module in cancer medicine. β-radiating radionuclides have definite impact on... (Review)
Review
Targeted radionuclide therapy, known as molecular radiotherapy is a novel therapeutic module in cancer medicine. β-radiating radionuclides have definite impact on target cells via interference in cell cycle and particular signalings that can lead to tumor regression with minimal off-target effects on the surrounding tissues. Radionuclides play a remarkable role not only in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest, but also in the amelioration of other characteristics of cancer cells. Recently, application of novel β-radiating radionuclides in cancer therapy has been emerged as a promising therapeutic modality. Several investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of β-radiating elements in cancer medicine. Based on the radiation dose, exposure time and type of the β-radiating element, different results could be achieved in cancer cells. It has been shown that β-radiating radioisotopes block cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, physical characteristics of the β-radiating element (half-life, tissue penetration range, and maximum energy) and treatment protocol determine whether tumor cells undergo cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or both and to which extent. In this review, we highlighted novel therapeutic effects of β-radiating radionuclides on cancer cells, particularly apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Beta Particles; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Humans; Neoplasms; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 32659429
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105070 -
Environment International Jun 2020Although ionizing radiation is known to have detrimental effects on red blood cells, the effect of environmental radioactivity associated with ambient particulate matter...
Although ionizing radiation is known to have detrimental effects on red blood cells, the effect of environmental radioactivity associated with ambient particulate matter (PM) is unknown. We hypothesized that exposure to ambient PM-associated beta particle radioactivity (PR) would be associated with a lower hemoglobin concentration. We studied 1.704 participants from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) over 36 years (1981-2017) who lived in Eastern, MA and the surrounding area. Exposures to PR was assessed using USEPA's RadNet monitoring network that measures gross beta radiation associated with ambient PM. Mixed effect models with a random intercept adjusting for potential confounders was used, including ambient black carbon (BC) and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM) concentrations. Greater cumulative PR activities at 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-days before the hemoglobin determination were associated with lower hemoglobin concentrations. The greatest effect was for a 28-day moving average. An IQR of 0.83 × 10 Bq/m of ambient PR was associated with a 0.12 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin concentration (95%CI: -0.18 to -0.05). The effects of PR were similar when the models were adjusted for ambient BC or PM. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between environmental ionizing radiation released from particulate matter with a lower hemoglobin concentration, suggesting that ambient radiation may contribute to the development of anemia.
Topics: Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Beta Particles; Environmental Exposure; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Radioactivity
PubMed: 32304940
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105735 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2012The outcome of glaucoma surgery can be affected by the rate at which the surgical wound heals. Beta radiation has been proposed as a rapid and simple treatment to slow... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The outcome of glaucoma surgery can be affected by the rate at which the surgical wound heals. Beta radiation has been proposed as a rapid and simple treatment to slow down the healing response.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of beta radiation during glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 3), MEDLINE (January 1950 to March 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to March 2012), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). There were no date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 26 March 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials comparing trabeculectomy with beta radiation to trabeculectomy without beta radiation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We collected data on surgical failure (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg), intraocular pressure and adverse effects of glaucoma surgery. We pooled data using a fixed-effect model.
MAIN RESULTS
We found four trials that randomised 551 people to trabeculectomy with beta irradiation versus trabeculectomy alone. Two trials were in Caucasian people (126 people), one trial in black African people (320 people) and one trial in Chinese people (105 people). People who had trabeculectomy with beta irradiation had a lower risk of surgical failure compared to people who had trabeculectomy alone (pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.23 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.40). Beta irradiation was associated with an increased risk of cataract (RR 2.89, 95% CI 1.39 to 6.0).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Trabeculectomy with beta irradiation has a lower risk of surgical failure compared to trabeculectomy alone. A trial of beta irradiation versus anti-metabolite is warranted.
Topics: Beta Particles; Cataract; Combined Modality Therapy; Glaucoma; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trabeculectomy; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 22696336
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003433.pub3 -
American Journal of Clinical Oncology Aug 2007Radioisotopes that decay via beta emission are widely used in science and medicine, particularly in the field of oncology. PET imaging, which exploits the basic... (Review)
Review
Radioisotopes that decay via beta emission are widely used in science and medicine, particularly in the field of oncology. PET imaging, which exploits the basic mechanism of beta plus decay or positron emission, is becoming increasingly important in cancer diagnosis, follow-up evaluation, and radiation therapy planning. Beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are finding wider applications in cancer treatment, such as radioimmunotherapy and bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical therapy. Beta-emitting radioisotopes have also been extensively used in vascular brachytherapy and other brachytherapy applications. Many radioisotopes that undergo beta decay yield excited daughter nuclei, which produce gamma rays that are useful for both brachytherapy and teletherapy. This review briefly describes some of the history, basic physics, and common applications of representative beta emitters in basic science and clinical oncology.
Topics: Beta Particles; Humans; Medical Oncology; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 17762446
DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000258753.09234.0c -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2009The outcome of glaucoma surgery can be affected by the rate at which the surgical wound heals. Beta radiation has been proposed as a rapid and simple treatment to slow... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The outcome of glaucoma surgery can be affected by the rate at which the surgical wound heals. Beta radiation has been proposed as a rapid and simple treatment to slow down the healing response.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of beta radiation during glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy).
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (which includes the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (Issue 4 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to October 2008) and EMBASE (January 1980 to October 2008). The databases were last searched on 24 October 2008.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials comparing trabeculectomy with beta radiation to trabeculectomy without beta radiation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We collected data on surgical failure (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg), intraocular pressure and adverse effects of glaucoma surgery. We pooled data using a fixed-effect model.
MAIN RESULTS
We found four trials that randomised 551 people to trabeculectomy with beta irradiation versus trabeculectomy alone. Two trials were in Caucasian people (126 people), one trial in black African people (320 people) and one trial in Chinese people (105 people). People who had trabeculectomy with beta irradiation had a lower risk of surgical failure compared to people who had trabeculectomy alone (pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.23 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.40). Beta irradiation was associated with an increased risk of cataract (RR 2.89, 95% CI 1.39 to 6.0).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Trabeculectomy with beta irradiation has a lower risk of surgical failure compared to trabeculectomy alone. A trial of beta irradiation versus anti-metabolite is warranted.
Topics: Beta Particles; Cataract; Combined Modality Therapy; Glaucoma; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trabeculectomy; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 19370589
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003433.pub2