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Scientific Reports May 2024Nutraceutical interventions supporting microbiota and eliciting clinical improvements in metabolic diseases have grown significantly. Chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Nutraceutical interventions supporting microbiota and eliciting clinical improvements in metabolic diseases have grown significantly. Chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, and metainflammation have emerged as key factors intertwined with sleep disorders, consequently exacerbating the decline in quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effects of two nutraceutical formulations containing prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), yeast β-glucans), minerals (Mg, Se, Zn), and the herbal medicine Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae (Milk thistle or Silymarin). These formulations, namely NSupple (without silymarin) and NSupple_Silybum (with silymarin) were tested over 180 days in overweight/obese volunteers from Brazil's southeastern region. We accessed fecal gut microbiota by partial 16S rRNA sequences; cytokines expression by CBA; anthropometrics, quality of life and sleep, as well as metabolic and hormonal parameters, at baseline (T0) and 180 days (T180) post-supplementation. Results demonstrated gut microbiota reshaping at phyla, genera, and species level post-supplementation. The Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides, and Prevotella genera were positively modulated especially in the NSupple_Silybum group. Gut microbiota modulation was associated with improved sleep patterns, quality-of-life perception, cytokines expression, and anthropometric parameters post-supplementation. Our findings suggest that the nutraceutical blends positively enhance cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Particularly, NSupple_Silybum modulated microbiota composition, underscoring its potential significance in ameliorating metabolic dysregulation. Clinical trial registry number: NCT04810572. 23/03/2021.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Quality of Life; Brazil; Female; Double-Blind Method; Adult; Cytokines; Middle Aged; Prebiotics; Feces; Silymarin; Minerals; Obesity; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 38750102
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61909-3 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024During an innate inflammation, immune cells form distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around pathogen-containing core-regions. Mast cells are localized in an...
INTRODUCTION
During an innate inflammation, immune cells form distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around pathogen-containing core-regions. Mast cells are localized in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment during the resolution of an innate inflammation, suggesting antiinflammatory roles of these cells.
METHODS
High-content imaging was used to investigated mast cell-dependent changes in the regional distribution of immune cells during an inflammation, induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 agonist zymosan.
RESULTS
The distance between the zymosan-containing core-region and the anti-inflammatory region, described by M2-like macrophages, increased in mast cell-deficient mice. Absence of mast cells abolished dendritic cell (DC) activation, as determined by CD86-expression and localized the DCs in greater distance to zymosan particles. The CD86- DCs had a higher expression of the pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12/23p40 as compared to activated CD86+ DCs. IL-4 administration restored CD86 expression, cytokine expression profile and localization of the DCs in mast cell-deficient mice. The IL-4 effects were mast cell-specific, since IL-4 reduction by eosinophil depletion did not affect activation of DCs.
DISCUSSION
We found that mast cells induce DC activation selectively at the site of inflammation and thereby determine their localization within the inflammation. Overall, mast cells have antiinflammatory functions in this inflammation model and limit the size of the pro-inflammatory region surrounding the zymosan-containing core region.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Mast Cells; Mice; Inflammation; Interleukin-4; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Zymosan; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout
PubMed: 38745645
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353922 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical... (Review)
Review
Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical composition and bioactivity of and the possibility of its application in food. According to researchers, black trumpet is very rich in nutritional compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids), β-glucans, minerals, and vitamins as well as polyphenols and tannins. It also contains compounds influencing the sensory properties, like free amino acids and nucleotides as well as sugars and polyols, mainly mannitol. Many of the described components show high nutritional and bioactive properties. Therefore, shows antioxidant activity and immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic effects. This makes black trumpet, also called horn of plenty, a mushroom with great potential for use both in medicine and directly in food. So far, black trumpet is not widely used in food, especially processed food. There are only a few studies on the use of dried black trumpet in sausages, but there is great potential for its use in food.
Topics: Humans; Nutritive Value; Antioxidants; Agaricales; Health Promotion; Polyphenols; beta-Glucans; Functional Food
PubMed: 38732570
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091325 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Factors that reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer include biologically active substances. In our previous research, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory,...
Factors that reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer include biologically active substances. In our previous research, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects of oat beta-glucans in gastrointestinal disease models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week consumption of a diet supplemented with low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan in two doses on the antioxidant potential, inflammatory parameters, and colonic metabolomic profile in azoxymethane(AOM)-induced early-stage colorectal cancer in the large intestine wall of rats. The results showed a statistically significant effect of AOM leading to the development of neoplastic changes in the colon. Consumption of beta-glucans induced changes in colonic antioxidant potential parameters, including an increase in total antioxidant status, a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration. In addition, beta-glucans decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12) and C-reactive protein (CRP) while increasing the concentration of IL-10. Metabolomic studies confirmed the efficacy of oat beta-glucans in the AOM-induced early-stage colon cancer model by increasing the levels of metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, such as amino acids, purine, biotin, and folate. In conclusion, these results suggest a wide range of mechanisms involved in altering colonic metabolism during the early stage of carcinogenesis and a strong influence of low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan, administered as dietary supplement, in modulating these mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; beta-Glucans; Azoxymethane; Colorectal Neoplasms; Rats; Male; Antioxidants; Disease Models, Animal; Avena; Superoxide Dismutase; Colon; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; C-Reactive Protein
PubMed: 38731854
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094635 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate, β-glucan and vitamins (A, D3, E, K, C) on breeding indicators and immune parameters of juvenile African...
Synergistic Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate, β-Glucan and Vitamins on Growth Performance, Cortisol Level, Intestinal Microbiome and Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Juvenile African Catfish ().
The effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate, β-glucan and vitamins (A, D3, E, K, C) on breeding indicators and immune parameters of juvenile African catfish was examined. The fish were fed with unenriched (group C) and enriched feed with a variable proportion of sodium butyrate/β-glucan, and constant content of vitamins (W1-W3). After the experiment, blood and the middle gut were collected. The microbiome of the gut was determined using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Liver tissue was collected for determination of expression of immune-related genes (HSP70, IL-1β, TNFα). W2 and W3 were characterized by the most favorable values of breeding indicators ( < 0.05). The highest blood cortisol concentration was in group C (71.25 ± 10.45 ng/mL), and significantly the lowest in W1 (46.03 ± 7.01 ng/ mL) ( < 0.05). The dominance of was observed in all study groups, with the largest share in W3 (65.25%) and W1 (61.44%). Gene expression showed an increased number of HSP70 genes in W1. IL-1β and TNFα genes peaked at W3. The W3 variant turns out to be the most beneficial supplementation, due to the improvement of breeding and immunological parameters. The data obtained can be used to create a preparation for commercial use in the breeding of this species.
Topics: Animals; beta-Glucans; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Butyric Acid; Catfishes; Hydrocortisone; Vitamins; Animal Feed; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Interleukin-1beta
PubMed: 38731838
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094619 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Edible grey oyster mushroom, , β (1,3), (1,6) glucan possesses a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-microorganism and antioxidant....
(Fr.) Singer β-1,3-Glucanoligosaccharide (Ps-GOS) Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Function in Pre-Osteoclastic RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting the RANK/NFκB/cFOS/NFATc1 Signalling Pathway.
Edible grey oyster mushroom, , β (1,3), (1,6) glucan possesses a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-microorganism and antioxidant. However, its biological activity is limited by low water solubility resulting from its high molecular weight. Our previous study demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis of grey oyster mushroom β-glucan using β-1,3-glucanase isozymes obtains a lower molecular weight and higher water solubility, glucanoligosaccharide (Ps-GOS). Additionally, Ps-GOS potentially reduces osteoporosis by enhancing osteoblast-bone formation, whereas its effect on osteoclast-bone resorption remains unknown. Therefore, our study investigated the modulatory activities and underlying mechanism of Ps-GOS on Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclastogenesis in pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cytotoxicity of Ps-GOS on RAW 264.7 cells was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and its effect on osteoclast differentiation was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Additionally, its effect on osteoclast bone-resorptive ability was detected by pit formation assay. The osteoclastogenic-related factors were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. The results revealed that Ps-GOS was non-toxic and significantly suppressed the formation of mature osteoclast multinucleated cells and their resorption activity by reducing the number of TRAP-positive cells and pit formation areas in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Ps-GOS attenuated the nuclear factor kappa light chain-enhancer of activated B cells' P65 (NFκB-P65) expression and their subsequent master osteoclast modulators, including nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1) and Fos proto-oncogene (cFOS) via the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, Ps-GOS markedly inhibited RANK expression, which serves as an initial transmitter of many osteoclastogenesis-related cascades and inhibited proteolytic enzymes, including TRAP, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K (CTK). These findings indicate that Ps-GOS could potentially be beneficial as an effective natural agent for bone metabolic disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Osteoclasts; RAW 264.7 Cells; RANK Ligand; Cell Differentiation; Signal Transduction; NF-kappa B; Pleurotus; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; NFATC Transcription Factors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; beta-Glucans; Oligosaccharides; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 38731604
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092113 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024This study synthesized a novel oat -glucan (OBG)-Cr(III) complex (OBG-Cr(III)) and explored its structure, inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and...
This study synthesized a novel oat -glucan (OBG)-Cr(III) complex (OBG-Cr(III)) and explored its structure, inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and hypoglycemic activities and mechanism in vitro using an insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cell model. The Cr(III) content in the complex was found to be 10.87%. The molecular weight of OBG-Cr(III) was determined to be 7.736 × 10 Da with chromium ions binding to the hydroxyl groups of OBG. This binding resulted in the increased asymmetry and altered spatial conformation of the complex along with significant changes in morphology and crystallinity. Our findings demonstrated that OBG-Cr(III) exhibited inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Furthermore, OBG-Cr(III) enhanced the insulin sensitivity of IR-HepG2 cells, promoting glucose uptake and metabolism more efficiently than OBG alone. The underlying mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect involved the modulation of the c-Cbl/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway, as revealed by Western blot analysis. This research not only broadened the applications of OBG but also positioned OBG-Cr(III) as a promising Cr(III) supplement with enhanced hypoglycemic benefits.
Topics: Humans; Chromium; Hypoglycemic Agents; beta-Glucans; Hep G2 Cells; alpha-Glucosidases; alpha-Amylases; Insulin Resistance; Glucose; Signal Transduction; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Avena; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Coordination Complexes
PubMed: 38731488
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091998 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The aerobic hyperthermophile catabolizes diverse polysaccharides and is the only cultivated member of the class within the phylum . It encodes 117 putative glycoside...
The aerobic hyperthermophile catabolizes diverse polysaccharides and is the only cultivated member of the class within the phylum . It encodes 117 putative glycoside hydrolases (GHs), including two from GH family 50 (GH50). In this study, we expressed, purified, and functionally characterized one of these GH50 enzymes, Fsa16295Glu. We show that Fsa16295Glu is a β-1,3-endoglucanase with optimal activity on carboxymethyl curdlan (CM-curdlan) and only weak agarase activity, despite most GH50 enzymes being described as β-agarases. The purified enzyme has a wide temperature range of 4-95°C (optimal 80°C), making it the first characterized hyperthermophilic representative of GH50. The enzyme is also active at a broad pH range of at least 5.5-11 (optimal 6.5-10). Fsa16295Glu possesses a relatively high /K of 1.82 × 10 s M with CM-curdlan and degrades CM-curdlan nearly completely to sugar monomers, indicating preferential hydrolysis of glucans containing β-1,3 linkages. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis of Fsa16295Glu and all other GH50 enzymes revealed that Fsa16295Glu is distant from other characterized enzymes but phylogenetically related to enzymes from thermophilic archaea that were likely acquired horizontally from Given its functional and phylogenetic novelty, we propose that Fsa16295Glu represents a new enzyme subfamily, GH50_3.
PubMed: 38725686
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355444 -
Nature Communications May 2024Patients with decreased levels of CD18 (β2 integrins) suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. CD11b, the α subunit of integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18,...
Patients with decreased levels of CD18 (β2 integrins) suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. CD11b, the α subunit of integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18, αβ), is essential for mice to fight against systemic Candida albicans infections. Live elongating C. albicans activates CR3 in immune cells. However, the hyphal ligands that activate CR3 are not well defined. Here, we discovered that the C. albicans Als family proteins are recognized by the I domain of CD11b in macrophages. This recognition synergizes with the β-glucan-bound lectin-like domain to activate CR3, thereby promoting Syk signaling and inflammasome activation. Dectin-2 activation serves as the "outside-in signaling" for CR3 activation at the entry site of incompletely sealed phagosomes, where a thick cuff of F-actin forms to strengthen the local interaction. In vitro, CD18 partially contributes to IL-1β release from dendritic cells induced by purified hyphal Als3. In vivo, Als3 is vital for C. albicans clearance in mouse kidneys. These findings uncover a novel family of ligands for the CR3 I domain that promotes fungal clearance.
Topics: Animals; Mice; beta-Glucans; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; CD11b Antigen; CD18 Antigens; Dendritic Cells; Fungal Proteins; Lectins, C-Type; Macrophages; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38724513
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48093-8 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024Materials from biological origin composed by renewable carbon facilitate the transition from linear carbon-intensive economy to a sustainable circular economy....
Materials from biological origin composed by renewable carbon facilitate the transition from linear carbon-intensive economy to a sustainable circular economy. Accordingly, we use solution blow spinning to develop fully biobased cellulose acetate films and nanofiber mats reinforced with fungal chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs), an emerging bio-colloid with lower carbon footprint compared to crustacean-derived nanochitin. This study incorporates fungal ChNFs into spinning processes for the first time. ChNF addition reduces film surface roughness, modifies film water affinity, and tailors the nanofiber diameter of the mats. The covalently bonded β-D-glucans of ChNFs act as a binder to improve the interfacial properties and consequently load transference to enhance the mechanical properties. Accordingly, the Young's modulus of the films increases from 200 ± 18 MPa to 359 ± 99 MPa with 1.5 wt% ChNFs, while the elongation at break increases by ~45 %. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to quantify the environmental impacts of solution blow spinning for the first time, providing global warming potential values of 69.7-347.4 kg·CO-equiv.·kg. Additionally, this work highlights the suitability of ChNFs as reinforcing fillers during spinning and proves the reinforcing effect of mushroom-derived chitin in bio-based films, opening alternatives for sustainable materials development beyond nanocelluloses in the near future.
PubMed: 38723813
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132046