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Biology Nov 2022The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk of various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety.... (Review)
Review
The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk of various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety. Given the reported correlations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and various illnesses, the female gut microbiome is worthy of exploration. Herein, we discuss the composition of the female gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in pathologies affecting the female population. Using PubMed, we performed a literature search, using key terms, namely: "gut microbiome", "estrogen", "menopause", "polycystic ovarian syndrome", "pregnancy", and "menstruation". In polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the abundance of and the ratio of was found to be increased while that of ML615J-28 124-7 and S24-7 was reduced. In breast cancer, the abundance of was enhanced, while in cervical cancer, and were enhanced but and members of were decreased. In ovarian cancer, abundance was increased. Interestingly, the administration of , and ameliorated PCOS symptoms while that of a mix of W51, W23, W63, W52, W24, W37, W19, W56, and W58 alleviated vascular malfunction and arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women, and finally, while further research is needed, maybe protective against postmenopausal bone mass loss. As several studies report the therapeutic potential of probiotics and since the gut microbiota of certain female pathological states has been relatively characterized, we speculate that the administration of certain bacterial species as probiotics is warranted, as novel independent or adjunct therapies for various female pathologies.
PubMed: 36421397
DOI: 10.3390/biology11111683 -
Nutrients Jan 2020Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained , , , and and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially and , and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium; Body Composition; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Synbiotics; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31952249
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010222 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Oct 2022To compare the efficacy of only dietary recommendations, zinc, probiotics and combination therapies in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of only dietary recommendations, zinc, probiotics and combination therapies in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis.
METHODS
The comparative, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 at the Paediatric Emergency Service after approval from the ethics review committee of Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, and comprised infants with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis who were divided into four groups. Only appropriate dietary recommendations were given to the control group 1, while group 2 was given a single probiotic containing bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium bifidum, bifidobacterium infantis and bifidobacterium longum strains. Group 3 was given zinc and group 4 was given probiotics and zinc. Demographic data of the patients, admission complaints, physical examination findings, dehydration degrees, and laboratory findings were recorded and analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 132 subjects, 79 (59.8%) were males. The overall mean age was 27.5±3.6 months. There were 22 (16.7%) patients in group 1, 34 (25.8%) in group 2, 28 (21.2%) in group 3, and 48 (36.4%) in group 4. The mean duration time to diarrhoea termination was 84.5±10.7 hours (range: 79-89 hours) in group 1, 73.05±6.8 hours (range: 70.5-75.4 hours) in group 2, 80.1±10.3 hours (range: 76-84 hours) in group 3, and 43.5±9.6 hours (range: 46-48 hours) in group 4. Group 4 outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The efficiency of combined treatment with probiotics and zinc was found to be significantly better in the treatment of childhood acute gastroenteritis.
Topics: Infant; Male; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Prospective Studies; Gastroenteritis; Diarrhea; Probiotics; Double-Blind Method; Zinc; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36660970
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.4438 -
Journal of Clinical and Translational... Aug 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with gut microbiota and has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, but the relationship...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with gut microbiota and has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, but the relationship between specific strains and NAFLD has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether and could prevent NAFLD, the effects of their action alone or in combination, possible mechanisms, and modulation of the gut microbiota.
METHODS
Mice were fed with high-fat diets (HFD) for 20 weeks, in which experimental groups were pretreated with quadruple antibiotics and then given the corresponding bacterial solution or PBS. The expression of the glycolipid metabolism indicators, liver, and intestinal farnesol X receptors (FXR), and intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins were detected. We also analyzed the alterations of inflammatory and immune status and the gut microbiota of mice.
RESULTS
Both strains were able to attenuate mass gain (<0.001), insulin resistance (<0.001), and liver lipid deposition (<0.001). They also reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors (<0.05) and the proportion of Th17 (<0.001), while elevating the proportion of Treg (<0.01). Both strains activated hepatic FXR while suppressing intestinal FXR (<0.05), and elevating tight junction protein expression (<0.05). We also perceived changes in the gut microbiota and found both strains were able to synergize beneficial microbiota to function.
CONCLUSIONS
Administration of or alone or in combination was protective against HFD-induced NAFLD formation and could be used as alternative treatment strategy for NAFLD after further exploration.
PubMed: 37408808
DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00415 -
Nutrients Jul 2020The purpose of the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of synbiotic preparation containing probiotic FloraActive™... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effectiveness of Synbiotic Preparation Containing and Probiotic Strains and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
The purpose of the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of synbiotic preparation containing probiotic FloraActive™ 19070-2, DSMZ 32418, DSMZ 32269, DSMZ 32946, DSMZ 32403 and fructooligosaccharides in adult patients with diarrhea-dominant IBS (IBS-D). The study included eighty patients with moderate and severe IBS-D who were randomized to receive synbiotics or placebo for eight weeks. Finally, a total of sixty-eight patients finished the study. The primary endpoints included the assessment of the symptoms' severity with IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), an improvement of IBS global symptoms with Global Improvement Scale (IBS-GIS) and adequate relief of symptoms after four and eight weeks of therapy. Secondary endpoints, which were collected by telephone interviewers three times a week included the assessment of individual IBS symptoms and adverse events. Synbiotic treatment in comparison to placebo significantly improved IBS-GIS ( = 0.043), and IBS-SSS score inducing a decrease in the total IBS-SSS ( = 0.042) and in domain-specific scores related to flatulence ( = 0.028) and bowel habit ( = 0.028) after four and eight weeks. Patients treated with synbiotics reported in weekly observations a significant amelioration in a feeling of incomplete bowel movements, flatulence, pain, stool pressure and diarrheal stools compared to those receiving placebo. There were no differences in adverse events between both groups. Concluding, the multi-strain synbiotic preparation was associated with a significant improvement in symptoms in IBS-D patients and was well-tolerated. These results suggest that the use of synbiotics offers a benefit for IBS-D patients. [Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04206410 registered 20 December 2019].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bifidobacterium animalis; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Bifidobacterium longum; Defecation; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Flatulence; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Middle Aged; Oligosaccharides; Severity of Illness Index; Synbiotics; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32635661
DOI: 10.3390/nu12071999 -
Science Immunology Oct 2018The gut commensal bacterium promotes immune tolerance by facilitating the induction of colonic regulatory T cells. (Review)
Review
The gut commensal bacterium promotes immune tolerance by facilitating the induction of colonic regulatory T cells.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Immune Tolerance; Polysaccharides; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 30341146
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav1041 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Aug 2015Recent insights into the role of the human microbiota in cognitive and affective functioning have led to the hypothesis that probiotic supplementation may act as an... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Recent insights into the role of the human microbiota in cognitive and affective functioning have led to the hypothesis that probiotic supplementation may act as an adjuvant strategy to ameliorate or prevent depression.
OBJECTIVE
Heightened cognitive reactivity to normal, transient changes in sad mood is an established marker of vulnerability to depression and is considered an important target for interventions. The present study aimed to test if a multispecies probiotic containing Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, and Lactococcus lactis (W19 and W58) may reduce cognitive reactivity in non-depressed individuals.
DESIGN
In a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pre- and post-intervention assessment design, 20 healthy participants without current mood disorder received a 4-week probiotic food-supplement intervention with the multispecies probiotics, while 20 control participants received an inert placebo for the same period. In the pre- and post-intervention assessment, cognitive reactivity to sad mood was assessed using the revised Leiden index of depression sensitivity scale.
RESULTS
Compared to participants who received the placebo intervention, participants who received the 4-week multispecies probiotics intervention showed a significantly reduced overall cognitive reactivity to sad mood, which was largely accounted for by reduced rumination and aggressive thoughts.
CONCLUSION
These results provide the first evidence that the intake of probiotics may help reduce negative thoughts associated with sad mood. Probiotics supplementation warrants further research as a potential preventive strategy for depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Bifidobacterium; Cognition; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Male; Probiotics; Social Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 25862297
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Cathartic colon (CC), a type of slow-transit constipation caused by the long-term use of stimulant laxatives, does not have a precise and effective treatment. This study...
Cathartic colon (CC), a type of slow-transit constipation caused by the long-term use of stimulant laxatives, does not have a precise and effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of CCFM1163 to relieve CC and to investigate its underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with senna extract for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with CCFM1163. The results revealed that CCFM1163 effectively alleviated CC symptoms. The possible mechanism of CCFM1163 in relieving CC was analyzed by measuring the intestinal barrier and enteric nervous system (ENS)-related indices and establishing a correlation between each index and gut microbiota. The results indicated that CCFM1163 changed the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundance of and as well as the content of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionic acid, in the feces. This increased the expression of tight junction proteins and aquaporin 8, decreased intestinal transit time, increased fecal water content, and relieved CC. In addition, CCFM1163 also increased the relative abundance of in feces and the expression of enteric nerve marker proteins to repair the ENS, promote intestinal motility, and relieve constipation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Male; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Cathartics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Constipation; Colonic Diseases; Probiotics
PubMed: 36904145
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051146 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with an alarming incidence rate and a considerable burden on the patient's life and health care providers. An increase in... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with an alarming incidence rate and a considerable burden on the patient's life and health care providers. An increase in blood glucose level and insulin resistance characterizes it. Internal and external factors such as urbanization, obesity, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of DM. Microbes in the gut influence overall health through immunity and nutrition. Recently, more studies have been conducted to evaluate and estimate the role of the gut microbiome in diabetes development, progression, and management. This review summarizes the current knowledge addressing three main bacterial species: , , and and their influence on diabetes and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Most studies illustrate that using those bacterial species positively reduces blood glucose levels and activates inflammatory markers. Additionally, we reported the relationship between those bacterial species and metformin, one of the commonly used antidiabetic drugs. Overall, more research is needed to understand the influence of the gut microbiome on the development of diabetes. Furthermore, more efforts are required to standardize the model used, concentration ranges, and interpretation tools to advance the field further.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin
PubMed: 37175825
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098118 -
Microorganisms Mar 2021BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its...
BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Culture conditions were determined to maximize the SOD and catalase activities of BGN4-SK. The viability, intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BGN4-SK in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) and murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). Antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) were produced at the highest levels when BGN4-SK was cultured for 24 h in a medium containing 500 μM MnSO and 30 μM hematin, with glucose as the carbon source. The viability and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities of HO-stimulated HT-29 treated with BGN4-SK were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. The intracellular ROS levels of HO-stimulated HT-29 cells treated with BGN4-SK were significantly lower ( < 0.05) than those of cells treated with BGN4. BGN4-SK more significantly suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6 ( < 0.05), tumor necrosis factor-α ( < 0.01), and IL-8 ( < 0.05) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells compared to BGN4. These results suggest that BGN4-SK may have enhanced antioxidant activities against oxidative stress in HO-stimulated HT-29 cells and enhanced anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated HT-29 and RAW 264.7 cells.
PubMed: 33805797
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030595