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Journal of Dental Research Mar 2023There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based... (Review)
Review
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36694473
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root...
The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root canal sealers containing varied amounts of different calcium silicates (CaSi): a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (1−10% and 20−30%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide and tricalcium aluminate (CERASEAL); a tricalcium silicate (5−15%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide and lithium carbonate (AH PLUS BIOCERAMIC) and a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (10% and 25%)-containing sealer with calcium aluminate, tricalcium aluminate and tantalite (NEOSEALER FLO). An epoxy resin-based sealer (AH PLUS) was used as control. The initial and final setting times, radiopacity, flowability, film thickness, open pore volume, water absorption, solubility, calcium release and alkalizing activity were tested. The nucleation of calcium phosphates and/or apatite after 28 days aging in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) was evaluated by ESEM-EDX, vibrational IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The analyses showed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus the longest final setting times (1344 ± 60 and 1300 ± 60 min, respectively), while shorter times for AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal (660 ± 60 and 720 ± 60 min, respectively). Radiopacity, flowability and film thickness complied with ISO 6876/12 for all tested materials. A significantly higher open pore volume was observed for NeoSealer Flo, AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal when compared to AH Plus (p < 0.05), significantly higher values were observed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.05). Ceraseal and AH Plus revealed the lowest solubility. All CaSi-containing sealers released calcium and alkalized the soaking water. After 28 days immersion in HBSS, ESEM-EDX analyses revealed the formation of a mineral layer that covered the surface of all bioceramic sealers, with a lower detection of radiopacifiers (Zirconium for Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic, Tantalum for NeoSealer Flo) and an increase in calcium, phosphorous and carbon. The calcium phosphate (CaP) layer was more evident on NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic. IR and micro-Raman revealed the formation of calcium carbonate on the surface of all set materials. A thin layer of a CaP phase was detected only on AH Plus Bioceramic and NeoSealer Flo. Ceraseal did not show CaP deposit despite its highest calcium release among all the tested CaSi-containing sealers. In conclusion, CaSi-containing sealers met the required chemical and physical standards and released biologically relevant ions. Slight/limited apatite nucleation was observed in relation to the high carbonation processes.
Topics: Root Canal Filling Materials; Calcium; Dental Pulp Cavity; Silicates; Water; Apatites
PubMed: 36430393
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213914 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2022This study comprehensively reviewed clinical trials that investigated the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique on postoperative sensitivity (POS) and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This study comprehensively reviewed clinical trials that investigated the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique on postoperative sensitivity (POS) and clinical performance of indirect restorations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, and was guided by the PICOS strategy. Clinical trials in which adult patients received at least one indirect restoration cemented with IDS approach and one restoration cemented following the delayed dentin sealing (DDS) were considered.
RESULTS
Following title screening and full-text reading, four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis, while two studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. According to Risk of bias-2 tool, two studies were classified as "some concerns" for the outcome POS. No statistically significant differences were found between teeth restored with indirect restorations using the IDS and DDS approach for POS (p > 0.05), neither at the baseline (very low certainty of evidence according to GRADE) nor after 2 years of follow-up (low certainty of evidence according to GRADE).
CONCLUSION
There is low-certainty evidence that IDS does not reduce POS in teeth restored with indirect restorations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
There is no clinical evidence to favor IDS over DDS when restoring teeth with indirect restorations.
Topics: Adult; Composite Resins; Dentin; Humans; Molar
PubMed: 34859939
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12841 -
Developmental Cell Sep 2020Teeth are attached to alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament (PDL), which contains stem cells supporting tissue turnover. Here, we identified Gli1+ cells in adult...
Teeth are attached to alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament (PDL), which contains stem cells supporting tissue turnover. Here, we identified Gli1+ cells in adult mouse molar PDL as multi-potential stem cells (PDLSCs) giving rise to PDL, alveolar bone, and cementum. They support periodontium tissue turnover and injury repair. Gli1+ PDLSCs are surrounding the neurovascular bundle and more enriched in the apical region. Canonical Wnt signaling is essential for their activation. Alveolar bone osteocytes negatively regulate Gli1+ PDLSCs activity through sclerostin, a Wnt inhibitor. Blockage of sclerostin accelerates the PDLSCs lineage contribution rate in vivo. Sclerostin expression is modulated by physiological occlusal force. Removal of occlusal force upregulates sclerostin and inhibits PDLSCs activation. In summary, Gli1+ cells are the multipotential PDLSCs in vivo. Osteocytes provide negative feedback to PDLSCs and inhibit their activities through sclerostin. Physiological occlusal force indirectly regulates PDLSCs activities by fine-tuning this feedback loop.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Mice, Transgenic; Multipotent Stem Cells; Osteocytes; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
PubMed: 32652075
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.006 -
Biomaterials Sep 2021Our goal was to generate functionalized 3D-printed scaffolds for bone regeneration using silk-hydroxyapatite bone cements and osteoinductive, proangiogenic and...
Our goal was to generate functionalized 3D-printed scaffolds for bone regeneration using silk-hydroxyapatite bone cements and osteoinductive, proangiogenic and neurotrophic growth factors or morphogens for accelerated bone formation. 3D printing was utilized to generate macroporous scaffolds with controlled geometries and architectures that promote osseointegration. We build on the knowledge that the osteoinductive factor Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) can also positively impact vascularization, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can impact osteoblastic differentiation, and that Neural Growth Factor (NGF)-mediated signaling can influence bone regeneration. We assessed functions on the 3D printed construct via the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells; migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells; and proliferation of human induced neural stem cells. The scaffolds provided mechanical properties suitable for bone and the materials were cytocompatible, osteoconductive and maintained the activity of the morphogens and cytokines. Synergistic outcomes between BMP-2, VEGF and NGF in terms of osteoblastic differentiation in vitro were identified, based on the upregulation of genes associated with osteoblastic differentiation (Runt-related transcription factor-2, Osteopontin, Bone Sialoprotein). Additional studies will be required to assess these scaffold designs in vivo. These results are expected to have a strong impact in bone regeneration in dental, oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Durapatite; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Osteogenesis; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Silk; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 34256231
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120995 -
The Bone & Joint Journal Feb 2016
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Bone Cements; Cooperative Behavior; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; International Cooperation; Interprofessional Relations; Italy; Societies, Medical; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26850416
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.98B2.37881 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Dental Bonding; Health Personnel; Humans; Resin Cements; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva
PubMed: 33616052
DOI: 10.1111/idj.12606 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Mar 2022
Topics: Bone Cements; Heart Injuries; Humans
PubMed: 35346920
DOI: 10.5152/AnatolJCardiol.2021.1404 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Defensins are a major family of host defense peptides expressed predominantly in neutrophils and epithelial cells. Their broad antimicrobial activities and multifaceted... (Review)
Review
Defensins are a major family of host defense peptides expressed predominantly in neutrophils and epithelial cells. Their broad antimicrobial activities and multifaceted immunomodulatory functions have been extensively studied, cementing their role in innate immunity as a core host-protective component against bacterial, viral and fungal infections. More recent studies, however, paint defensins in a bad light such that they are "alleged" to promote viral and bacterial infections in certain biological settings. This mini review summarizes the latest findings on the potential pathogenic properties of defensins against the backdrop of their protective roles in antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Further, a succinct description of both tumor-proliferative and -suppressive activities of defensins is also given to highlight their functional and mechanistic complexity in antitumor immunity. We posit that given an enabling environment defensins, widely heralded as the "Swiss army knife," can function as a "double-edged sword" in host immunity.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carcinogenesis; Defensins; Epithelial Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neutrophils; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 32457744
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00764 -
Biomedicines Jan 2021Bone cement is used as a mortar for securing bone implants, as bone void fillers or as spacers in orthopaedic surgery. Antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) have been... (Review)
Review
Bone cement is used as a mortar for securing bone implants, as bone void fillers or as spacers in orthopaedic surgery. Antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) have been used to prevent and treat prosthetic joint infections by providing a high antibiotic concentration around the implanted prosthesis. High antibiotic concentrations are, on the other hand, often associated with tissue toxicity. Controlling antibiotic release from ALBCS is key to achieving effective infection control and promoting prosthesis integration with the surrounding bone tissue. However, current ALBCs still need significant improvement in regulating antibiotic release. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to prosthetic joint infections, and the background concepts of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity in antibiotics. We then review the current state of ALBCs and their release characteristics before focusing on the research and development in controlling the antibiotic release and osteo-conductivity/inductivity. We then conclude by a discussion on the need for better in vitro experiment designs such that the release results can be extrapolated to predict better the local antibiotic concentrations in vivo.
PubMed: 33401484
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010026