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Psychiatry Research Jan 2020Centuries of experience make it clear that establishing the effectiveness of a clinical innovation is not sufficient to guarantee its uptake into routine use. The... (Review)
Review
Centuries of experience make it clear that establishing the effectiveness of a clinical innovation is not sufficient to guarantee its uptake into routine use. The relatively new field of implementation science has developed to enhance the uptake of evidence-based practices and thereby increase their public health impact. Implementation science shares many characteristics, and the rigorous approach, of clinical research. However, it is distinct in that it attends to factors in addition to the effectiveness of the clinical innovation itself, to include identifying and addressing barriers and facilitators to the uptake of evidence-based clinical innovations. This article reviews the definition, history, and scope of implementation science, and places the field within the broader enterprise of biomedical research. It also provides an overview of this Special Issue of Psychiatry Research, which introduces the principles and methods of implementation science to mental health researchers.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Implementation Science; Inventions
PubMed: 31036287
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.025 -
Neuron May 2018Neuroscience is a broad discipline that embraces technology at multiple scales to understand the brain and to develop potential therapies. Scientists share their... (Review)
Review
Neuroscience is a broad discipline that embraces technology at multiple scales to understand the brain and to develop potential therapies. Scientists share their perspectives on the evolution of neuroscience research and what excites them about the future prospects for the field.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Brain; Forecasting; Humans; Neurosciences
PubMed: 29723499
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.024 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2022Myopia has become one of the most critical health problems in the world with the increasing time spent indoors and increasing close work. Pathological myopia may have... (Review)
Review
Myopia has become one of the most critical health problems in the world with the increasing time spent indoors and increasing close work. Pathological myopia may have multiple complications, such as myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataracts, open-angle glaucoma, and severe cases that can cause blindness. Mounting evidence suggests that the cause of myopia can be attributed to the complex interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. An increasing number of researchers have focused on the genetic pathogenesis of myopia in recent years. Scleral remodeling and excessive axial elongating induced retina thinning and even retinal detachment are myopia's most important pathological manifestations. The related signaling pathways are indispensable in myopia occurrence and development, such as dopamine, nitric oxide, TGF-β, HIF-1α, etc. We review the current major and recent progress of biomedicine on myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Humans; Myopia; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34861634
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112472 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Dec 2016As more and more researchers are turning to big data for new opportunities of biomedical discoveries, machine learning models, as the backbone of big data analysis, are...
BACKGROUND
As more and more researchers are turning to big data for new opportunities of biomedical discoveries, machine learning models, as the backbone of big data analysis, are mentioned more often in biomedical journals. However, owing to the inherent complexity of machine learning methods, they are prone to misuse. Because of the flexibility in specifying machine learning models, the results are often insufficiently reported in research articles, hindering reliable assessment of model validity and consistent interpretation of model outputs.
OBJECTIVE
To attain a set of guidelines on the use of machine learning predictive models within clinical settings to make sure the models are correctly applied and sufficiently reported so that true discoveries can be distinguished from random coincidence.
METHODS
A multidisciplinary panel of machine learning experts, clinicians, and traditional statisticians were interviewed, using an iterative process in accordance with the Delphi method.
RESULTS
The process produced a set of guidelines that consists of (1) a list of reporting items to be included in a research article and (2) a set of practical sequential steps for developing predictive models.
CONCLUSIONS
A set of guidelines was generated to enable correct application of machine learning models and consistent reporting of model specifications and results in biomedical research. We believe that such guidelines will accelerate the adoption of big data analysis, particularly with machine learning methods, in the biomedical research community.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Interdisciplinary Studies; Machine Learning; Models, Biological
PubMed: 27986644
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5870 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Feb 2015President Obama has announced a research initiative that aims to accelerate progress toward a new era of precision medicine, with a near-term focus on cancers and a...
President Obama has announced a research initiative that aims to accelerate progress toward a new era of precision medicine, with a near-term focus on cancers and a longer-term aim to generate knowledge applicable to the whole range of health and disease.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Financing, Government; Health; Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Research Support as Topic; United States
PubMed: 25635347
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1500523 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2019
Topics: Biomedical Research; Forecasting; Humans; Neoplasms; Vietnam
PubMed: 31343929
DOI: 10.1177/1073274819866556 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Nov 2018
Topics: Biomedical Research; Diffusion of Innovation; Humans; Vascular Diseases; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 30360818
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.08.155 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 2015In contrast to many other human endeavors, science pays little attention to its history. Fundamental scientific discoveries are often considered to be timeless and...
In contrast to many other human endeavors, science pays little attention to its history. Fundamental scientific discoveries are often considered to be timeless and independent of how they were made. Science and the history of science are regarded as independent academic disciplines. Although most scientists are aware of great discoveries in their fields and their association with the names of individual scientists, few know the detailed stories behind the discoveries. Indeed, the history of scientific discovery is sometimes recorded only in informal accounts that may be inaccurate or biased for self-serving reasons. Scientific papers are generally written in a formulaic style that bears no relationship to the actual process of discovery. Here we examine why scientists should care more about the history of science. A better understanding of history can illuminate social influences on the scientific process, allow scientists to learn from previous errors, and provide a greater appreciation for the importance of serendipity in scientific discovery. Moreover, history can help to assign credit where it is due and call attention to evolving ethical standards in science. History can make science better.
Topics: Biomedical Research; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Science
PubMed: 26371119
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00921-15 -
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Jan 2019The past four decades have yielded advances in molecular biology allowing detailed characterization of the cellular genome and the transcriptome: the complete set of RNA... (Review)
Review
The past four decades have yielded advances in molecular biology allowing detailed characterization of the cellular genome and the transcriptome: the complete set of RNA species transcribed by a cell or tissue. Through transcriptomics and next-generation sequencing, we can now attain an unprecedented level of detail in understanding cellular phenotypes through examining the genes expressed in specific physiological and pathological states. In this review, we provide an overview of transcriptomics and RNA-sequencing in the analysis of whole tissue and single cells. We describe the techniques and pitfalls involved in the isolation and sequencing of single cells, and what additional benefits this application can provide. Finally, we look to how these technologies are being applied in pulmonary research, and how they may translate in the near future into clinical practice.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Biomedical Technology; Humans; Lung Diseases; Sequence Analysis; Transcriptome; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 30264869
DOI: 10.1111/resp.13412 -
Cancer Letters Oct 2020The ever-emerging developments and innovations on the advanced translational strategies for diagnosing and treating fatal human diseases are substantially re-shaping our...
The ever-emerging developments and innovations on the advanced translational strategies for diagnosing and treating fatal human diseases are substantially re-shaping our future and improving the human health quality. This special issue published several mini-review manuscripts covering fundamental principles, techniques, devices and applications in the related fields. Several investigators including basic research scientists and medical doctors have described recent breakthroughs in the fields of cancer therapy, biomedical engineering, material sciences and their translational medicine from-bench-to-bed into clinical uses.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 32569615
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.003