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Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology Aug 2022To report long-term biometric and refractive outcomes in a group of Danish children after surgery for childhood cataract.
BACKGROUND
To report long-term biometric and refractive outcomes in a group of Danish children after surgery for childhood cataract.
METHODS
Children between 7 and 18 years who had undergone uni- or bilateral cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, were examined in this cross-sectional study. Swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) based optical biometry (IOLmaster 700) and anterior tomography (Pentacam) was performed. Healthy fellow eyes from those with unilateral cataract were used as controls.
RESULTS
We included 56 children in the study with a median age at surgery of 43.8 months (1.6-137.6). The amount of higher order aberrations was significantly increased in operated eyes (median root mean square 0.461 μm [range 0.264-1.484]) compared with non-operated eyes (median root mean square 0.337 μm [range 0.162-0.498], p < 0.001). Younger age at surgery was positively associated with more higher order aberrations at follow-up (p < 0.001), but we found no significant associations between the amount of higher order aberrations and visual acuity or contrast vision. Longer axial length was associated to glaucoma while shorter axial length was associated to strabismus (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Eyes operated for childhood cataract have higher order aberrations compared with non-operated eyes. Higher order aberrations are complex refractive errors that cannot be corrected by normal lenses and may contribute to poor visual outcomes for the children. We found an association between young age at surgery and higher order aberrations.
Topics: Biometry; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans
PubMed: 35524701
DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14092 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2022Axial length (AL) is an important contributor to refraction, and growth curves are gaining importance in the prediction of myopia. This study aimed to profile the...
OBJECTIVES
Axial length (AL) is an important contributor to refraction, and growth curves are gaining importance in the prediction of myopia. This study aimed to profile the distribution of ocular biometry parameters and to identify correlates of spherical equivalent refraction (SE) among school children in South India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The School Children Ocular Biometry and Refractive Error study was conducted as part of a school screening program in southern India. The enrolled children underwent tests that included vison check, refraction, binocular vision assessment, and biometry measurements.
RESULTS
The study included 1382 children whose mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 10.18 (2.88) years (range: 5-16 years). The sample was divided into 4 groups (grades 1-2, grades 3-5, grades 6-9, and grade 10) based on significant differences in right AL (p<0.001). The mean (SD) AL (range: 20.33-27.27 mm) among the four groups was 22.50 (0.64) mm, 22.88 (0.69) mm, 23.30 (0.82) mm, and 23.58 (0.87) mm, respectively. The mean SE (range: +1.86 to -6.56 D) was 0.08 (0.65 D) in class 1 and decreased with increasing grade to -0.39 (1.20 D) in grade 10. There was a significant difference in all biometry parameters between boys and girls (p<0.001). Age, AL, and mean corneal curvature were the main predictors of SE.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a profile of ocular biometry parameters among school children in South India for comparison against profiles from other regions across the country. The study data will form a reference for future studies assessing myopia in this ethnicity.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Refractive Errors; Refraction, Ocular; Myopia; Biometry; India
PubMed: 36578223
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2021.90008 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2017Cataract surgery is the most performed surgical procedure in the field of ophthalmology. The process of intraocular lens (IOL) calculations is a critical step to... (Review)
Review
Cataract surgery is the most performed surgical procedure in the field of ophthalmology. The process of intraocular lens (IOL) calculations is a critical step to achieving successful outcomes. Many IOL formulae exist to guide surgeons through the difficult process of picking the most appropriate lens to achieve a certain target refraction. However, these formulae reach within 0.50 diopters of the target refraction only 75% of the time, leaving 25% of the eyes with a significant refractive surprise. A literature review was performed to investigate all the relevant published material on the history, progress, and recent advancements of IOL calculations. Based on this review, the appropriate history, evolution, progress, limitations, and recent advancements are analyzed and explained. Although the modern IOL formulae and biometric devices perform well for average eyes, they are suboptimal for eyes with atypical biometric parameters and also those that are postrefractive and keratoconic. There has not been a single, perfect formula that can resolve the complexities of this process. Various methods of formula optimization and newer generation of IOL formulae and devices may hold the key to improving outcomes in both typical and atypical eyes. These solutions minimize refractive error by introducing new input parameters and complex mathematical techniques to better estimate postoperative lens position.
Topics: Biometry; Humans; Lenses, Intraocular; Optics and Photonics; Refractive Errors; Vision Tests; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 29208808
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_834_17 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2019Biometric recognition systems are finding applications in more and more civilian fields because they proved to be reliable and accurate. Among the other technologies,... (Review)
Review
Biometric recognition systems are finding applications in more and more civilian fields because they proved to be reliable and accurate. Among the other technologies, ultrasound has the main merit of acquiring 3D images, which allows it to provide more distinctive features and gives it a high resistance to spoof attacks. This work reviews main research activities devoted to the study and development of ultrasound sensors and systems for biometric recognition purposes. Several transducer technologies and different ultrasound techniques have been experimented on for imaging biometric characteristics like fingerprints, hand vein pattern, palmprint, and hand geometry. In the paper, basic concepts on ultrasound imaging techniques and technologies are briefly recalled and, subsequently, research studies are classified according to the kind of technique used for collecting the ultrasound image. Overall, the overview demonstrates that ultrasound may compete with other technologies in the expanding market of biometrics, as the different commercial fingerprint sensors integrated in portable electronic devices like smartphones or tablets demonstrate.
Topics: Algorithms; Biometric Identification; Biometry; Biosensing Techniques; Hand; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31137504
DOI: 10.3390/s19102317 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022Biometrics is the recognition of a human using biometric characteristics for identification, which may be physiological or behavioral. The physiological biometric...
Biometrics is the recognition of a human using biometric characteristics for identification, which may be physiological or behavioral. The physiological biometric features are the face, ear, iris, fingerprint, and handprint; behavioral biometrics are signatures, voice, gait pattern, and keystrokes. Numerous systems have been developed to distinguish biometric traits used in multiple applications, such as forensic investigations and security systems. With the current worldwide pandemic, facial identification has failed due to users wearing masks; however, the human ear has proven more suitable as it is visible. Therefore, the main contribution is to present the results of a CNN developed using EfficientNet. This paper presents the performance achieved in this research and shows the efficiency of EfficientNet on ear recognition. The nine variants of EfficientNets were fine-tuned and implemented on multiple publicly available ear datasets. The experiments showed that EfficientNet variant B8 achieved the best accuracy of 98.45%.
Topics: Biometric Identification; Biometry; Humans; Iris; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 36093471
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3514807 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2023Precise ocular measurements are fundamental for achieving excellent target refraction following both cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange. Biometry devices with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Precise ocular measurements are fundamental for achieving excellent target refraction following both cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange. Biometry devices with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) employ longer wavelengths (1055-1300 nm) in order to have better penetration through opaque lenses than those with partial coherence interferometry (PCI) or low-coherence optical reflectometry (LCOR) methods. However, to date a pooled analysis showing the technical failure rate (TFR) between the methods has not been published. The aim of this study was to compare the TFR in SS-OCT and in PCI/LCOR biometry.
METHODS
PubMed and Scopus were used to search the medical literature as of Feb 1, 2022. The following keywords were used in various combinations: optical biometry, partial coherence interferometry, low-coherence optical reflectometry, swept-source optical coherence tomography. Only clinical studies referring to patients undergoing routine cataract surgery, and employing at least two (PCI or LCOR vs. SS-OCT) optical methods for optical biometry in the same cohort of patients were included.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in the final analysis, which presented results of 2,459 eyes of at least 1,853 patients. The overall TFR of all included studies was 5.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.66-8.08%; overall I = 91.49%). The TFR was significantly different among the three methods (p < 0.001): 15.72% for PCI (95% CI: 10.73-22.46%; I = 99.62%), 6.88% for LCOR (95% CI: 3.26-13.92%; I = 86.44%), and 1.51% for SS-OCT (95% CI: 0.94-2.41%; I = 24.64%). The pooled TFR for infrared methods (PCI and LCOR) was 11.12% (95% CI: 8.45-14.52%; I = 78.28%), and was also significantly different to that of SS-OCT: 1.51% (95% CI: 0.94-2.41%; I = 24.64%; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
A meta-analysis of the TFR of different biometry methods highlighted that SS-OCT biometry resulted in significantly decreased TFR compared to PCI/LCOR devices.
Topics: Humans; Axial Length, Eye; Cataract Extraction; Lens, Crystalline; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Biometry; Interferometry; Reproducibility of Results; Cataract
PubMed: 37101115
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02926-0 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The advancement of biometric technology has facilitated wide applications of biometrics in law enforcement, border control, healthcare and financial identification and... (Review)
Review
The advancement of biometric technology has facilitated wide applications of biometrics in law enforcement, border control, healthcare and financial identification and verification. Given the peculiarity of biometric features (e.g., unchangeability, permanence and uniqueness), the security of biometric data is a key area of research. Security and privacy are vital to enacting integrity, reliability and availability in biometric-related applications. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is concerned with data manipulation in the cryptographic domain, thus addressing the security and privacy issues faced by biometrics. This survey provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art HE research in the context of biometrics. Detailed analyses and discussions are conducted on various HE approaches to biometric security according to the categories of different biometric traits. Moreover, this review presents the perspective of integrating HE with other emerging technologies (e.g., machine/deep learning and blockchain) for biometric security. Finally, based on the latest development of HE in biometrics, challenges and future research directions are put forward.
Topics: Humans; Biometry; Privacy; Computer Security; Machine Learning
PubMed: 37050626
DOI: 10.3390/s23073566 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Sep 2006Although the importance of sound statistical principles in the design and analysis of data has gained prominence in recent years, biostatistics, the application of... (Review)
Review
Although the importance of sound statistical principles in the design and analysis of data has gained prominence in recent years, biostatistics, the application of statistics to the analysis of biological and medical data, is still a subject which is poorly understood and often mishandled. This review introduces, in the context of orthopaedic research, the terminology and the principles involved in simple data analysis, and outlines areas of medical statistics that have gained prominence in recent years. It also lists and provides an insight into some of the more common errors that occur in published orthopaedic journals and which are frequently encountered at the review stage in papers submitted to the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
Topics: Biometry; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Evidence-Based Medicine; Models, Statistical; Orthopedics; Periodicals as Topic; Regression Analysis; Research Design; Statistics as Topic; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16943459
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.88B9.17896 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2022To compare the axial length (AL) obtained by A-scan biometry (PAC SCAN 300AP; Sonomed Escalon, USA) and LENSTAR-LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) in silicone oil...
PURPOSE
To compare the axial length (AL) obtained by A-scan biometry (PAC SCAN 300AP; Sonomed Escalon, USA) and LENSTAR-LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) in silicone oil (SiO)-filled eyes.
METHODS
AL measurements were taken in 50 SiO-filled eyes using A-scan and LENSTAR-LS 900 before SiO removal and 1 month following SiO removal. In the subset of patients requiring intraocular lens (IOL) insertion, the predicted refraction and the refraction obtained were compared. IOL power in these patients was calculated using SRK-T formula and the AL obtained by LENSTAR.
RESULTS
In SiO-filled eyes, a significant difference was noted between the AL values obtained using the two methods (P = 0.0002). No significant difference was noted after SiO removal (P = 0.634). In the subset of patients needing IOL insertion, no significant difference (P = 0.07) was seen between target refractive error and postoperative refractive error (mean deviation from the target being 0.176 diopter). AL of an SiO-filled eye is more accurately measured using optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR)-based biometry (LENSTAR) than with conventional acoustic biometry (A-scan).
CONCLUSION
We conclude that LENSTAR gives more accurate biometry in an SiO-filled eye. The AL obtained after SiO removal was comparable and showed no significant difference.
Topics: Acoustics; Axial Length, Eye; Biometry; Eye; Humans; Lenses, Intraocular; Phacoemulsification; Refraction, Ocular; Refractive Errors; Silicone Oils
PubMed: 35918928
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3019_21 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2022Individual identification is one of the research hotspots in the practice of forensic science, and the judgment is usually built on the comparison of the unique... (Review)
Review
Individual identification is one of the research hotspots in the practice of forensic science, and the judgment is usually built on the comparison of the unique biological characteristics of the individual, such as fingerprints, iris and DNA. With the dramatic increase in the number of cases related to video image investigations, there is an increasing need for the technology to identify individuals based on the macroscopic comparison of facial appearance biometrics. At present, with the introduction of computer three-dimensional (3D) modeling and 3D superimposition comparison technology, considerable progress has been made in individual identification methods based on macroscopic comparison of facial appearance biometrics. This paper reviews individual facial appearance biometric methods based on macroscopical comparison, comprehensively analyzes the advantages and limitations of different methods, and puts forward recommendations and prospects for subsequent research.
Topics: Biometric Identification; Biometry; Face; Forensic Sciences; Humans
PubMed: 36221818
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.200909