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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Wheat is among the ten top and most widely grown crops in the world. Several diseases cause losses in wheat production in different parts of the world. (teleomorph, )... (Review)
Review
Wheat is among the ten top and most widely grown crops in the world. Several diseases cause losses in wheat production in different parts of the world. (teleomorph, ) is one of the wheat pathogens that can attack all wheat parts, including seeds, roots, shoots, and leaves. Black point, root rot, crown rot and spot blotch are the main diseases caused by in wheat. Seed infection by can result in black point disease, reducing seed quality and seed germination and is considered a main source of inoculum for diseases such as common root rot and spot blotch. Root rot and crown rot diseases, which result from soil-borne or seed-borne inoculum, can result in yield losses in wheat. Spot blotch disease affects wheat in different parts of the world and cause significant losses in grain yield. This review paper summarizes the latest findings on , with a specific emphasis on management using genetic, chemical, cultural, and biological control measures.
Topics: Ascomycota; Bipolaris; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 33777829
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.584899 -
Journal of Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology Dec 1992We report a patient who rapidly developed unilateral proptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia following blunt trauma to the orbit. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a... (Review)
Review
We report a patient who rapidly developed unilateral proptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia following blunt trauma to the orbit. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mass involving the sinuses and orbit with erosion of the cribriform plate. Biopsy of this suspected neoplasm revealed features consistent with allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, but cultures later grew a Bipolaris species. Our review of the literature suggests that when allergic fungal sinusitis involves the orbit, Bipolaris is a more commonly isolated organism than Aspergillus. Additionally, extraocular motility impairment and proptosis occur more frequently than visual loss. Treatment is controversial, but surgical drainage followed by corticosteroids is the most often recommended therapy.
Topics: Adult; Cellulitis; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Orbital Diseases; Radiography
PubMed: 1287050
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Apr 2019The filamentous Bipolaris and Curvularia genera consist of species known to cause severe diseases in plants and animals amounting to an estimated annual loss of USD $10... (Review)
Review
The filamentous Bipolaris and Curvularia genera consist of species known to cause severe diseases in plants and animals amounting to an estimated annual loss of USD $10 billion worldwide. Despite the harmful effect of Bipolaris and Curvularia species, scarce attention is paid on beneficial areas where the fungi are used in industrial processes to generate biotechnological products. Catalytic potential of Bipolaris and Curvularia species in the production of biodiesel, bioflucculant, biosorbent, and mycoherbicide are promising for the bioeconomy. It is herein demonstrated that knowledge-based application of some endophytic Bipolaris and Curvularia species are indispensable vectors of sustainable economic development. In the twenty-first century, India, China, and the USA have taken progress in the biotechnological application of these fungi to generate wealth. As such, some Bipolaris and Curvularia species significantly impact on global crop improvement, act as catalyst in batch-reactors for biosynthesis of industrial enzymes and medicines, bioengineer of green-nanoparticle, agent of biofertilizer, bioremediation and bio-hydrometallurgy. For the first time, this study discusses the current advances in biotechnological application of Bipolaris and Curvularia species and provide new insights into the prospects of optimizing their bioengineering potential for developing bioeconomy.
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioengineering; Biofuels; Biological Control Agents; Biotechnology; Biotransformation; Endophytes; Fertilizers; Flocculation; Fungal Viruses; Herbicides; Metallurgy; Nanoparticles; Soil; Symbiosis; Thermotolerance; Uranium
PubMed: 31011888
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2644-7 -
Studies in Mycology Sep 2014The genus Bipolaris includes important plant pathogens with worldwide distribution. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular data...
The genus Bipolaris includes important plant pathogens with worldwide distribution. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures as well as overlapping morphological characteristics. In this study, we revise the genus Bipolaris based on DNA sequence data derived from living cultures of fresh isolates, available ex-type cultures from worldwide collections and observation of type and additional specimens. Combined analyses of ITS, GPDH and TEF gene sequences were used to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the genus Bipolaris for species with living cultures. The GPDH gene is determined to be the best single marker for species of Bipolaris. Generic boundaries between Bipolaris and Curvularia are revised and presented in an updated combined ITS and GPDH phylogenetic tree. We accept 47 species in the genus Bipolaris and clarify the taxonomy, host associations, geographic distributions and species' synonymies. Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for 38 species in the genus with notes provided for the other taxa when recent descriptions are available. Bipolaris cynodontis, B. oryzae, B. victoriae, B. yamadae and B. zeicola are epi- or neotypified and a lectotype is designated for B. stenospila. Excluded and doubtful species are listed with notes on taxonomy and phylogeny. Seven new combinations are introduced in the genus Curvularia to accomodate the species of Bipolaris transferred based on the phylogenetic analysis. A taxonomic key is provided for the morphological identification of species within the genus.
PubMed: 25492990
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.10.002 -
Frontiers in Fungal Biology 2022The filamentous ascomycete is a plant pathogen that causes corn leaf blight and has been used in cytological studies of sexual reproduction. In this fungus, when null...
The filamentous ascomycete is a plant pathogen that causes corn leaf blight and has been used in cytological studies of sexual reproduction. In this fungus, when null mutants of each septin are crossed with the wild-type strain, all ascospores derived from the same asci show abnormal morphology. The phenomenon was remarkably similar to the event known as "ascus dominance" in , which is known to be caused by MSUD (meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA). However, it is not clear whether possesses functional MSUD. The object of this study is to elucidate whether this fungus carries a functional MSUD system that causes ascus dominance in the crosses of septin mutants and the wild-type strain. The results of homozygous and heterozygous crossing tests with mutants, having the insertional -septin gene sequence into the genome, suggested that the ascus dominance in is triggered by the unpaired DNA as in . To investigate whether MSUD is caused by the same mechanism as in , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, one of the essential factors in MSUD, was identified and disrupted (Δ) in . When the Δ strain was crossed with each mutant of the septins, ascus dominance did not occur in all crosses. These results suggest that this ascus dominance is caused by RNA silencing triggered by an unpaired gene, as in , and septin genes were affected by this silencing. To date, although MSUD has been found only in and , which are classified as Sordariomycetes, this study showed that MSUD is also functional in , which is classified as a Dothideomycete. These results showed the possibility that this posttranscriptional regulation is extensively conserved among filamentous ascomycetes.
PubMed: 37746229
DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.931888 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2021Fungal keratitis is an uncommon condition that can occur after ocular surgery or trauma to the eye. Some cases have been reported after corneal refractive surgery. Most...
INTRODUCTION
Fungal keratitis is an uncommon condition that can occur after ocular surgery or trauma to the eye. Some cases have been reported after corneal refractive surgery. Most cases of keratitis following refractive surgery are due to gram-positive bacteria. However, there are a few reports in the literature of fungal and protozoal infections.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 29-year-old healthy male developed fungal keratitis Five days following photorefractive keratectomy.
CLINICAL FINDINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS
The patient was admitted to the hospital, corneal scraping was performed and sent for staining and routine cultures. A corneal swab was also performed and sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On day 10 post-admission, the fungal culture was positive for Bipolaris.
INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME
Intensive topical antifungal drops were started initially then tapered when clinical improvement was evident. The patient had good final outcome with preservation of good vision and free of symptoms six months following the infection.
RELEVANCE AND IMPACT
Fungal keratitis following corneal refractive surgery is rare. However, it is an infection that can potentially lead to poor outcomes if appropriate management is delayed. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required especially when multiple risk factors is present.
PubMed: 33412407
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.051 -
Mycoses Nov 2005A case of mycotic keratitis caused by Bipolaris spicifera is reported. The corneal ulcer developed after 1 week of treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics....
A case of mycotic keratitis caused by Bipolaris spicifera is reported. The corneal ulcer developed after 1 week of treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics. Septate, branched, dematiaceous hyphal elements were detected in the corneal scrapings on two occasions and repeated cultures were positive for this fungus. The infection was resolved with natamycin and itraconazole although the corneal opacity remained and the patient is now waiting for a keratoplasty.
Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Itraconazole; Natamycin
PubMed: 16262886
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01151.x -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Mar 1992
Topics: Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Fungi; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nasal Obstruction; Sinusitis
PubMed: 1589222
DOI: 10.1177/019459989210600319 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2017Aspergillus and Fusarium are the most common fungi causing mycotic keratitis. Injury to the eye with vegetable matter, cow tail injury, long-term use of topical steroids... (Review)
Review
Aspergillus and Fusarium are the most common fungi causing mycotic keratitis. Injury to the eye with vegetable matter, cow tail injury, long-term use of topical steroids are some of the risk factors for mycotic keratitis. There are few case reports of keratitis caused by Bipolaris. The human pathogenic species in the genus are Bipolaris spicifera, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Bipolaris papendorfii, and Bipolaris australiensis. Most commonly reported keratitis is caused by B. hawaiiensis, followed by B. spicifera. Literature review showed only one case report of keratitis due to B. australiensis reported from Australia. We present a first case report of keratitis due to B. australiensis (currently Curvularia australienis) from India.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycoses
PubMed: 28573998
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_836_16 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023, , and genera contain various devastating plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. The species belonging to these genera also perform a variety of... (Review)
Review
, , and genera contain various devastating plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. The species belonging to these genera also perform a variety of diverse functions, including the remediation of environmental contaminations, beneficial phytohormone production, and maintaining their lifestyle as epiphytes, endophytes, and saprophytes. Recent research has revealed that despite their pathogenic nature, these fungi also play an intriguing role in agriculture. They act as phosphate solubilizers and produce phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GAs), to accelerate the growth of various plants. Some species have also been reported to play a significant role in plant growth promotion during abiotic stresses, such as salinity stress, drought stress, heat stress, and heavy metal stress, as well as act as a biocontrol agent and a potential mycoherbicide. Similarly, these species have been reported in numerous industrial applications to produce different types of secondary metabolites and biotechnological products and possess a variety of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some of the species have been utilized in the production of numerous valuable industrial enzymes and biotransformation, which has an impact on the growth of crops all over the world. However, the current literature is dispersed, and some of the key areas, such as taxonomy, phylogeny, genome sequencing, phytohormonal analysis, and diversity, are still being neglected in terms of the elucidation of its mechanisms, plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and bioremediation. In this review, we highlighted the potential role, function, and diversity of , , and for improved utilization during environmental biotechnology.
PubMed: 36836368
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020254