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Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Fungal diseases, caused mainly by spp., are past and current threats to Northern Wild Rice (NWR) grain production and germplasm preservation in both natural and...
Fungal diseases, caused mainly by spp., are past and current threats to Northern Wild Rice (NWR) grain production and germplasm preservation in both natural and cultivated settings. Genetic resistance against the pathogen is scarce. Toward expanding our understanding of the global gene communications of NWR and interaction, we designed an RNA sequencing study encompassing the first 12 h and 48 h of their encounter. NWR activated numerous plant recognition receptors after pathogen infection, followed by active transcriptional reprogramming of signaling mechanisms driven by Ca and its sensors, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, activation of an oxidative burst, and phytohormone signaling-bound mechanisms. Several transcription factors associated with plant defense were found to be expressed. Importantly, evidence of diterpenoid phytoalexins, especially phytocassane biosynthesis, among expression of other defense genes was found. In , predicted genes associated with pathogenicity including secreted effectors that could target plant defense mechanisms were expressed. This study uncovered the early molecular communication between the NWR- pathosystem, which could guide selection for allele-specific genes to boost NWR defenses, and overall aid in the development of more efficient selection methods in NWR breeding through the use of the most virulent fungal isolates.
PubMed: 38736448
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1350281 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1287721.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1287721.].
PubMed: 38680923
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409209 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The natural pesticide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is known to lack phloem mobility, whereas Metalaxyl is a representative phloem systemic fungicide. In order to...
The natural pesticide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is known to lack phloem mobility, whereas Metalaxyl is a representative phloem systemic fungicide. In order to endow PCA with phloem mobility and also enhance its antifungal activity, thirty-two phenazine-1-carboxylic acid--phenylalanine esters conjugates were designed and synthesized by conjugating PCA with the active structure -acylalanine methyl ester of Metalaxyl. All target compounds were characterized by H NMR, C NMR and HRMS. The antifungal evaluation results revealed that several target compounds exhibited moderate to potent antifungal activities against , , , . In particular, compound displayed excellent antifungal activity against with an EC value of 6.57 µg/mL, which was superior to that of Metalaxyl. Phloem mobility study in castor bean system indicated good phloem mobility for the target compounds -. Particularly, compound exhibited excellent phloem mobility; the content of compound in the phloem sap of castor bean was 19.12 μmol/L, which was six times higher than Metalaxyl (3.56 μmol/L). The phloem mobility tests under different pH culture solutions verified the phloem translocation of compounds related to the "ion trap" effect. The distribution of the compound in tobacco plants further suggested its ambimobility in the phloem, exhibiting directional accumulation towards the apical growth point and the root. These results provide valuable insights for developing phloem mobility fungicides mediated by exogenous compounds.
Topics: Phenazines; Alanine; Phytophthora; Antifungal Agents; Phloem; Ascomycota; Fungicides, Industrial; Drug Design; Esters
PubMed: 38675600
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081780 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Peptides play an essential role in plant development and immunity. belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant which exhibits valuable pharmacological...
Peptides play an essential role in plant development and immunity. belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant which exhibits valuable pharmacological properties. extracts in vitro inhibit the growth of a variety of plant and human pathogens. The role of peptides in defense against pathogens in remains unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the repertoire of antimicrobial (AMPs) and defense-related signaling peptide genes expressed by in response to infection with using RNA-seq. Transcriptomes of healthy and infected plants at two time points were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq500 platform and de novo assembled. A total of 84 peptide genes encoding novel putative AMPs and signaling peptides were predicted in transcriptomes. They belong to known, as well as new, peptide families. Transcriptional profiling in response to infection disclosed complex expression patterns of peptide genes and identified both up- and down-regulated genes in each family. Among the differentially expressed genes, the vast majority were down-regulated, suggesting suppression of the immune response by the fungus. The expression of 13 peptide genes was up-regulated, indicating their possible involvement in triggering defense response. After functional studies, the encoded peptides can be used in the development of novel biofungicides and resistance inducers.
PubMed: 38667929
DOI: 10.3390/jof10040258 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Fungal diseases such as the devastating rice blast pose severe threats to crop production worldwide. Biological control of crop diseases caused by fungal pathogens is an...
Fungal diseases such as the devastating rice blast pose severe threats to crop production worldwide. Biological control of crop diseases caused by fungal pathogens is an environment-friendly approach for safeguarding crop production. But the insufficient availability of microbial agents effective against various fungal diseases has hampered the development of green production in crops. In this study, we identified a broad-spectrum antifungal bacterium, STR-1, showing antagonistic activity to diverse fungal pathogens including , , , , and . Its antifungal activity was relatively stable and less affected by temperature and pH. Evaluation of the biocontrol activity of STR-1 revealed that STR-1 prevented and controlled rice blast disease via eliciting plant immunity and suppressing fungal infection-structure development. STR-1 broth extract inhibited spore germination, likely through inhibiting protein synthesis. Combining LC-MS and chromatography analysis of the antimicrobial compounds purified from STR-1 broth extract, together with decoding STR-1 genomic sequence, we identified 4-oxo-4-[(1-phenylethyl)amino]but-2-enoic acid, 1,3,5-Trimethylpyrazole and SMA-1 as the potential main STR-1 secondary metabolites associated with its antifungal effects. This study suggests that bacterial strain STR-1 could be used for identifying highly effective and broad-spectrum secondary metabolites for containing rice blast and other crop diseases. The application of the active compounds offers a promising measure to tackle fungal disease.
PubMed: 38650873
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298781 -
PloS One 2024Brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a major damaging fungal disease of rice which can decrease the yield and value of produce due to grain discoloration. The...
Brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a major damaging fungal disease of rice which can decrease the yield and value of produce due to grain discoloration. The objectives of the current study were to investigate and understand the biochemical indices of brown spot disease resistance in rice. A total of 108 genotypes (mutant and hybrid) along with Super Basmati and parent RICF-160 were evaluated against brown spot disease. The genotypes exhibiting resistant and susceptible responses to brown spot disease according to the IRRI standard disease rating scale were screened and selected. To study the biochemical response mechanism, forty five selected genotypes along with Super Basmati and RICF-160 were analyzed using the biochemical markers. The physiological and biochemical analysis provided valuable insights and confirmed the resistance of rice hybrids and mutants against brown spot disease. Positive correlations were observed among stress bio-markers and disease response. Rice genotypes i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 exhibited moderate resistant response while Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 showed resistant response to brown spot disease. Brown spot resistant rice genotypes had lesser values of malondialdehyde and total oxidant status and higher antioxidant activities i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, total phenolic content and lycopene. The selected resistant rice genotypes had resistance capacity against Bipolaris oryzae stress. In conclusion, identified resistant mutants i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 and hybrids i.e. Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 could be used in rice breeding program to achieve sustainable rice production by coping the emerging challenge of brown spot disease under variable climate conditions.
Topics: Oryza; Disease Resistance; Plant Breeding; Bipolaris; Ethylenes
PubMed: 38635807
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300760 -
Nanowarriors from Mentha: Unleashing Nature's Antimicrobial Arsenal with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles.ACS Omega Apr 2024Medicinal plant-based cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) possessed excellent antimicrobial properties against multiple strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative...
Medicinal plant-based cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) possessed excellent antimicrobial properties against multiple strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The CeONPs are popular because their electropositive charged surface causes oxidation of plasma membrane and facilitates the penetration of CeONPs inside the pathogen body. In the present research work, CeONPs stabilized with Mentha leaf extract; as a result, nanoparticles surface-bonded with various functional groups of phytochemicals which enhanced the therapeutic potential of CeONPs. The inhibition percentage of CeONPs was evaluated against eight pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria , , sp., sp., and and plant bacteria sp. The antifungal properties of CeONPs were evaluated against three pathogenic fungal species , , and via the streak plate method. The antimicrobial inhibitory activity of CeONPs was good to excellent. The current research work clearly shows that three different medicinal plants , , and based CeONPs, variation in nanoparticle sizes, and surface-to-volume ratio of green CeONPs are three factors responsible to generate and provoke antimicrobial activities of CeONPs against human pathogenic bacteria and plant infecting fungi. The results show that CeONPs possessed good antimicrobial properties and are effective to use for pharmaceutical applications and as a food preservative because of low toxicity, organic coating, and acceptable antimicrobial properties. This study showed a rapid and well-organized method to prepare stable phytochemical-coated CeONPs with three different plants , , and with remarkable antibacterial and antifungal characteristics.
PubMed: 38585053
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00236 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Spot blotch disease incited by severely affects the cultivation of barley. The resistance to . is quantitative in nature and its interaction with the host is highly...
Spot blotch disease incited by severely affects the cultivation of barley. The resistance to . is quantitative in nature and its interaction with the host is highly complex which necessitates in-depth molecular analysis. Thus, the study aimed to conduct the transcriptome analysis to decipher the mechanisms and pathways involved in interactions between barley and . in both the resistant (EC0328964) and susceptible (EC0578292) genotypes using the RNA Seq approach. In the resistant genotype, 6,283 genes of were differentially expressed out of which 5,567 genes were upregulated and 716 genes were downregulated. 1,158 genes of were differentially expressed in the susceptible genotype, out of which 654 genes were upregulated and 504 genes were downregulated. Several defense-related genes like resistant gene analogs (RGAs), disease resistance protein RPM1, pathogenesis-related protein PRB1-2-like, pathogenesis-related protein 1, thaumatin-like protein PWIR2 and defensin Tm-AMP-D1.2 were highly expressed exclusively in resistant genotype only. The pathways involved in the metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the most prominently represented pathways in both the resistant and susceptible genotypes. However, pathways involved in MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction were highly enriched in resistant genotype. Further, a higher number of pathogenicity genes of . was found in response to the susceptible genotype. The pathways encoding for metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ABC transporters, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were highly expressed in susceptible genotype in response to the pathogen. 14 and 11 genes of . were identified as candidate effectors from susceptible and resistant host backgrounds, respectively. This investigation will offer valuable insights in unraveling the complex mechanisms involved in barley- interaction.
PubMed: 38577688
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360571 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Apr 2024This study explores beneficial bacteria isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Khao Rai Leum Pua Phetchabun rice plants. A total of 315 bacterial isolates (KK1...
This study explores beneficial bacteria isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Khao Rai Leum Pua Phetchabun rice plants. A total of 315 bacterial isolates (KK1 to KK315) were obtained. Plant growth-promoting traits (phosphate solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production), and antimicrobial activity against three rice pathogens ( NUF001, 2464, and pv. ) were assessed. KK074 was the most prolific in IAA production, generating 362.6±28.0 µg/ml, and KK007 excelled in tricalcium phosphate solubilization, achieving 714.2±12.1 µg/ml. In antimicrobial assays using the dual culture method, KK024 and KK281 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against , and KK269 was particularly effective against . In the evaluation of antimicrobial metabolite production, KK281 and KK288 exhibited strong antifungal activities in cell-free supernatants. Given the superior performance of KK281, taxonomically identified as sp. KK281, it was investigated further. Lipopeptide extracts from KK281 had significant antimicrobial activity against and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.1 mg/ml against pv. . LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of surfactin A in the lipopeptide extract. The crude extract was non-cytotoxic to the L-929 cell line at tested concentrations. In conclusion, the in vitro plant growth-promoting and disease-controlling attributes of sp. KK281 make it a strong candidate for field evaluation to boost plant growth and manage disease in upland rice.
PubMed: 38563101
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02008 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Tartary buckwheat () is a significant medicinal crop, with flavonoids serving as a crucial measure of its quality. Presently, the artificial cultivation of Tartary...
Tartary buckwheat () is a significant medicinal crop, with flavonoids serving as a crucial measure of its quality. Presently, the artificial cultivation of Tartary buckwheat yields low results, and the quality varies across different origins. Therefore, it is imperative to identify an effective method to enhance the yield and quality of buckwheat. Endophytic fungi reside within plants and form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship, aiding plants in nutrient absorption, promoting host growth, and improving secondary metabolites akin to the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to assess the diversity of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed between fungi and metabolites, revealing potential increases in flavonoid content due to endophytic fungi such as , , and . Additionally, a correlation analysis between fungi and phenotypic traits unveiled the potential influence of endophytic fungi such as , , and on the phenotypic traits of Tartary buckwheat. Notably, the endophytic fungi of the genus exhibited the potential to elevate the content of Tartary buckwheat metabolites and enhance crop growth. Consequently, this study successfully identified the resources of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat, explored potential functional endophytic fungi, and laid a scientific foundation for future implementation of biological fertilizers in improving the quality and growth of Tartary buckwheat.
PubMed: 38559356
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360988