-
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the... (Review)
Review
, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above, has different pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization and virulence factor expression. It is essential to make accurate diagnoses and provide patients with effective treatment to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Detection of can be accomplished invasively and noninvasively, with both having advantages and limitations. To enhance therapeutic outcomes, novel therapeutic regimens, as well as adjunctive therapies with probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine, have been attempted along with traditional empiric treatments, such as triple and bismuth quadruple therapies. An infection, however, is difficult to eradicate during treatment owing to bacterial resistance, and there is no commonly available preventive vaccine. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of infections and to highlight current treatment and diagnostic options.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Bismuth
PubMed: 37928189
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257817 -
Chemical Science Dec 2023The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, amides, imides, and... (Review)
Review
The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, amides, imides, and nitrides, has become well developed over many decades. In contrast, the corresponding f-element chemisty with the heavier pnictogen analogues phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth has remained significantly underdeveloped, due largely to a lack of suitable synthetic methodologies and also the inherent hard(f-element)-soft(heavier pnictogen) acid-base mismatch, but has begun to flourish in recent years. Here, we review complexes containing chemical bonds between the f-elements and heavy pnictogens from phosphorus to bismuth that spans five decades of endeavour. We focus on complexes whose identity has been unambiguously established by structural authentication by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with respect to their synthesis, characterisation, bonding, and reactivity, in order to provide a representative overview of this burgeoning area. By highlighting that much has been achieved but that there is still much to do this review aims to inspire, focus and guide future efforts in this area.
PubMed: 38131077
DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05056d -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Lead-based halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have demonstrated remarkable potential for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This is because of their high... (Review)
Review
Lead-based halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have demonstrated remarkable potential for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This is because of their high photoluminescence quantum yield, defect tolerance, tunable emission wavelength, color purity, and high device efficiency. However, the environmental toxicity of Pb has impeded their commercial viability owing to the restriction of hazardous substances directive. Therefore, Pb-free PeNCs have emerged as a promising solution for the development of eco-friendly LEDs. This review article presents a detailed analysis of the various compositions of Pb-free PeNCs, including tin-, bismuth-, antimony-, and copper-based perovskites and double perovskites, focusing on their stability, optoelectronic properties, and device performance in LEDs. Furthermore, we address the challenges encountered in using Pb-free PeNC-LEDs and discuss the prospects and potential of these Pb-free PeNCs as sustainable alternatives to lead-based PeLEDs. In this review, we aim to shed light on the current state of Pb-free PeNC LEDs and highlight their significance in driving the development of eco-friendly LED technologies.
PubMed: 37763594
DOI: 10.3390/ma16186317 -
Nature Communications May 2023Monovalent group 15 cations LPn + (L = σ-donor ligands, Pn = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) have attracted significant experimental and theoretical interest because of their...
Monovalent group 15 cations LPn + (L = σ-donor ligands, Pn = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) have attracted significant experimental and theoretical interest because of their unusual electronic structures and growing synthetic potential. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a family of antimony(I) and bismuth(I) cations supported by a bis(silylene) ligand [(TBDSi)Pn][BAr] (TBD = 1, 8, 10, 9-triazaboradecalin; Ar = 3,5-CF-CH; Pn = Sb, (2); Bi, (3)). The structures of 2 and 3 have been unambiguously characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations. They feature bis-coordinated Sb and Bi atoms which exhibit two lone pairs of electrons. The reactions of 2 and 3 with methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate provide a approach for the preparation of dicationic antimony(III) and bismuth(III) methyl complexes. Compounds 2 and 3 serve as 2e donors to group 6 metals (Cr, Mo), giving rise to ionic antimony and bismuth metal carbonyl complexes 6-9.
PubMed: 37221189
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38606-2 -
Cureus Oct 2023Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the older population. Its clinical presentation includes a variety of gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the older population. Its clinical presentation includes a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations. The main symptom is chronic watery, nonbloody diarrhea. The disease has a female predominance. The diagnosis might be challenging since the symptoms are similar to other differential diagnoses, such as celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, bacterial overgrowth, and infectious colitis. The golden diagnostic tool for diagnosis is performing colonoscopy to obtain the colonic biopsy, which demonstrates the characteristic histological evidence needed for diagnosis. The treatment starts with an accurate diagnosis and trial of any possible offending medications. Alternatively, there are many medications, such as bismuth or budesonide, which are very effective in treating this disease. The primary objective of this detailed review is to enhance knowledge and understanding of this condition among healthcare providers to guide them with detailed information regarding epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and appropriate management. In the assessment of individuals presenting with persistent chronic diarrhea, it is essential for healthcare providers to consider MC as a probable differential diagnosis.
PubMed: 38021915
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47150 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Semiconductor quantum wells and nanostructures have been the main quantum and classical physical objects in condensed matter physics for over half a century, since the...
Semiconductor quantum wells and nanostructures have been the main quantum and classical physical objects in condensed matter physics for over half a century, since the discovery of the two-dimensional electron gas in silicon MOSFETs and size quantization in thin bismuth films [...].
PubMed: 37446440
DOI: 10.3390/nano13131924