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Chemosphere Nov 2022Bismuth, a heavy metal which is found to be inexpensive and at a reduced cost, is utilized in the synthesis of different nanomaterials with novel structure, remarkable... (Review)
Review
Bismuth, a heavy metal which is found to be inexpensive and at a reduced cost, is utilized in the synthesis of different nanomaterials with novel structure, remarkable physical and chemical properties, adjustable bandgap, notable efficiency for photothermal conversion. These characteristics have made this element desirable for various applications such as storage and conversion of energy, electronics, sensors, photocatalysis, and other biomedical applications. These review papers are the vital points for the students, this report guides them to the research papers which focus on the impressive development in the area of bismuth and similar nanostructures. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the various synthesis routes of bismuth-based nanomaterials along with green synthesis, different nanostructures of bismuth, their significant properties, diverse applications and directions for the upcoming research. Therefore, with these different tuneable synthesis methods of bismuth-based nanomaterials combined with their novel properties, would elucidate on the future devices based on various nanostructures of bismuth.
Topics: Bismuth; Humans; Nanocomposites; Nanostructures; Physical Phenomena
PubMed: 35817189
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135652 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Bismuth compounds are considered relatively non-toxic, with their low solubility in aqueous solutions (e.g., biological fluids) being the major contributing factor to... (Review)
Review
Bismuth compounds are considered relatively non-toxic, with their low solubility in aqueous solutions (e.g., biological fluids) being the major contributing factor to this property. Bismuth derivatives are widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and chronic gastritis. Moreover, the properties of bismuth compounds have also been extensively explored in two main fields of action: antimicrobial and anticancer. Despite the clinical interest of bismuth-based drugs, several side effects have also been reported. In fact, excessive acute ingestion of bismuth, or abuse for an extended period of time, can lead to toxicity. However, evidence has demonstrated that the discontinuation of these compounds usually reverses their toxic effects. Notwithstanding, the continuously growing use of bismuth products suggests that it is indeed part of our environment and our daily lives, which urges a more in-depth review and investigation into its possible undesired activities. Therefore, this review aims to update the pharmaco-toxicological properties of bismuth compounds. A special focus will be given to in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies exploring their toxicity.
Topics: Humans; Bismuth; Peptic Ulcer; Organometallic Compounds
PubMed: 38338879
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031600 -
Gastroenterology Sep 1990Bismuth therapy has shown efficacy against two major gastrointestinal disorders: peptic ulcer disease and diarrhea. In peptic ulcer disease it is as effective as the... (Review)
Review
Bismuth therapy has shown efficacy against two major gastrointestinal disorders: peptic ulcer disease and diarrhea. In peptic ulcer disease it is as effective as the H2-receptor antagonists, costs considerably less, and offers a lower rate of relapse. When Helicobacter pylori is implicated, bismuth acts as an antimicrobial agent, suppressing the organism but not eliminating it. In recent studies, bismuth compounds have been used with conventional antibiotics, producing elimination of the organism, histological improvement, and amelioration of symptoms for periods longer than one year. Bismuth subsalicylate has shown modest efficacy in treating traveler's diarrhea and acute and chronic diarrhea in children, and it is effective prophylactically for traveler's diarrhea. An epidemic of neurological toxicity was reported in France in the 1970's with prolonged bismuth treatment, usually bismuth subgallate and subnitrate. Such toxicity has been rare with bismuth subsalicylate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate. However, recent studies have demonstrated intestinal absorption of bismuth (about 0.2% of the ingested dose) and sequestration of this heavy metal in multiple tissue sites, even occurring with conventional dosing over a 6-week period. These findings have inspired recommendations that treatment periods with any bismuth-containing compound should last no longer than 6-8 weeks, followed by 8-week bismuth-free intervals.
Topics: Bismuth; Campylobacter; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Diarrhea; Humans; Peptic Ulcer
PubMed: 2199292
DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90983-8 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Sep 2011This article reviews the literature pertaining to bismuth iodoform paraffin paste. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This article reviews the literature pertaining to bismuth iodoform paraffin paste.
OVERVIEW
Bismuth iodoform paraffin paste is used in most otolaryngology departments on a daily basis. Questions about its properties are common in postgraduate otolaryngology examinations. This article reviews bismuth iodoform paraffin paste's current and historical usage, constituents, properties, side effects, and radiographic properties, and its alternatives in otological and rhinological practice.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bismuth; Drug Combinations; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epistaxis; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; Military Medicine; Nitrites; Occlusive Dressings; Otologic Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Care; Pregnancy; Tampons, Surgical
PubMed: 21745431
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215111001599 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Bismuth-based drugs have been used primarily to treat ulcers caused by and other gastrointestinal ailments. Combined with antibiotics, these drugs also possess... (Review)
Review
Bismuth-based drugs have been used primarily to treat ulcers caused by and other gastrointestinal ailments. Combined with antibiotics, these drugs also possess synergistic activity, making them ideal for multiple therapy regimens and overcoming bacterial resistance. Compounds based on bismuth have a low cost, are safe for human use, and some of them are also effective against tumoral cells, leishmaniasis, fungi, and viruses. However, these compounds have limited bioavailability in physiological environments. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing new bismuth compounds and approaches to overcome this challenge. Considering the beneficial properties of bismuth and the importance of discovering new drugs, this review focused on the last decade's updates involving bismuth compounds, especially those with potent activity and low toxicity, desirable characteristics for developing new drugs. In addition, bismuth-based compounds with dual activity were also highlighted, as well as their modes of action and structure-activity relationship, among other relevant discoveries. In this way, we hope this review provides a fertile ground for rationalizing new bismuth-based drugs.
Topics: Humans; Bismuth; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination
PubMed: 37570891
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155921 -
Journal of Labelled Compounds &... Sep 2019Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. The use of alpha emitters for cancer therapy has two distinct advantages over... (Review)
Review
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. The use of alpha emitters for cancer therapy has two distinct advantages over conventional therapies. The short range of alpha radiation in human tissue (less than 0.1 mm), corresponding to only a few cell diameters, allows selective killing of targeted cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. At the same time, the high energy (several MeV) of alpha radiation and its associated high linear energy transfer leads to highly effective cell kill. Consequently, alpha radiation can destroy cells which otherwise exhibit resistance to treatment with beta or gamma irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, and can thus offer a therapeutic option for tumors resistant to conventional therapies. Recent results demonstrating the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of alpha emitters to treat various cancers have underlined the clinical potential of TAT. This paper describes the recent clinical experience with Bi and Ac. In view of the enormous benefit of targeted cancer treatment with alpha emitters, their production will have to be considerably increased beyond current supply capabilities. Alternative production methods based on the irradiation of uranium, thorium, or radium targets at reactors or accelerator facilities have the potential to meet future demand.
Topics: Actinium; Alpha Particles; Bismuth; Humans; Radiochemistry; Radioisotopes; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 31369165
DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3792 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Bismuth-based nanostructures (BBNs) have attracted extensive research attention due to their tremendous development in the fields of photocatalysis and... (Review)
Review
Bismuth-based nanostructures (BBNs) have attracted extensive research attention due to their tremendous development in the fields of photocatalysis and electro-catalysis. BBNs are considered potential photocatalysts because of their easily tuned electronic properties by changing their chemical composition, surface morphology, crystal structure, and band energies. However, their photocatalytic performance is not satisfactory yet, which limits their use in practical applications. To date, the charge carrier behavior of surface-engineered bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts has been under study to harness abundant solar energy for pollutant degradation and water splitting. Therefore, in this review, photocatalytic concepts and surface engineering for improving charge transport and the separation of available photocatalysts are first introduced. Afterward, the different strategies mainly implemented for the improvement of the photocatalytic activity are considered, including different synthetic approaches, the engineering of nanostructures, the influence of phase structure, and the active species produced from heterojunctions. Photocatalytic enhancement via the surface plasmon resonance effect is also examined and the photocatalytic performance of the bismuth-based photocatalytic mechanism is elucidated and discussed in detail, considering the different semiconductor junctions. Based on recent reports, current challenges and future directions for designing and developing bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for enhanced photoactivity and stability are summarized.
Topics: Bismuth; Photochemical Processes; Semiconductors; Nanostructures; Solar Energy; Catalysis
PubMed: 36614112
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010663 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Apr 1995Bismuth has been used to treat dyspepsia for more than a hundred years, and has now become an important element in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Less than 1% of... (Review)
Review
Bismuth has been used to treat dyspepsia for more than a hundred years, and has now become an important element in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Less than 1% of ingested bismuth is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted in the urine. Bismuth forms a protective coating on the mucosa, it stimulates secretion of bicarbonate and has an effect on the G-cell and Helicobacter pylori. Bismuth gives equal ulcer healing rates as H2-receptor blocking agents, but causes significantly less relapses. Triple treatment with bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole eradicates H pylori in 95% of patients. Bismuth accumulates in the body during treatment and is neurotoxic, and it cannot be excluded that even short-term treatment may cause subclinical damage to the central nervous system.
Topics: Bismuth; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 7770830
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Here, bismuth-based nanomaterials (Bi-based NMs) are introduced as promising theranostic agents to enhance image contrast as well as for the therapeutic gain for... (Review)
Review
Here, bismuth-based nanomaterials (Bi-based NMs) are introduced as promising theranostic agents to enhance image contrast as well as for the therapeutic gain for numerous diseases. However, understanding the interaction of such novel developed nanoparticles (NPs) within a biological environment is a requisite for the translation of any promising agent from the lab bench to the clinic. This interaction delineates the fate of NPs after circulation in the body. In an ideal setting, a nano-based therapeutic agent should be eliminated via the renal clearance pathway, meanwhile it should have specific targeting to a diseased organ to reach an effective dose and also to overcome off-targeting. Due to their clearance pathway, biodistribution patterns and pharmacokinetics (PK), Bi-based NMs have been found to play a determinative role to pass clinical approval and they have been investigated extensively in vivo to date. In this review, we expansively discuss the possible toxicity induced by Bi-based NMs on cells or organs, as well as biodistribution profiles, PK and the clearance pathways in animal models. A low cytotoxicity of Bi-based NMs has been found in vitro and in vivo, and along with their long-term biodistribution and proper renal clearance in animal models, the translation of Bi-based NMs to the clinic as a useful novel theranostic agent is promising to improve numerous medical applications.
Topics: Animals; Bismuth; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Precision Medicine; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 33061369
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S250001 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Sep 1999