-
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Apr 2024(STH) celebrates 50 years of publishing in 2024. To celebrate this landmark event, STH is republishing some archival material. This manuscript represents the second... (Review)
Review
(STH) celebrates 50 years of publishing in 2024. To celebrate this landmark event, STH is republishing some archival material. This manuscript represents the second most highly cited paper ever published in STH. The manuscript published without an abstract, and essentially represented a State of the Art Review on the bleeding time, a relatively invasive procedure that required an incision on the skin or earlobe of a patient, and timing how long it took for the incision to stop bleeding. The bleeding time test was first described in 1901 by the French physician Milian, who presented three studies of bleeding from stab wounds made in the fingertips of healthy and diseased subjects. In 1910, Duke observed the duration of bleeding from small incisions of the ear lobe, and pointed out that the duration of bleeding was increased in instances of reduced platelet counts. The test was subsequently repeatedly modified, and numerous variants of the test, including semiautomated methods, were described by several workers. The most frequently utilised test reflected one described by Ivy and coworkers, who shifted the location of the incision to the volar aspect of the forearm and applied a blood pressure cuff to the arm to maintain a standard venous pressure. The bleeding time has been proposed for use as a diagnostic test for platelet-related bleeding disorders, a measure of efficacy in various forms of therapy, and as a prognosticator of abnormal bleeding. The authors to the current review reevaluated the bleeding time literature using methods to assess the performance of the test in 1990, locating 862 printed documents that discussed the bleeding time, the majority in peer-reviewed professional journals. As this is a republication of archival material, transformed into a modern format, we apologise in advance for any errors introduced during this transformation.
Topics: Humans; Bleeding Time; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Hemostasis; Thrombocytopenia; Hemorrhage; Blood Platelet Disorders; Hemorrhagic Disorders
PubMed: 38086409
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777307 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1991
Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bleeding Time; Contraindications; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 1677086
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90177-q -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1991
Topics: Bleeding Time; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 1675324
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) May 1984
Topics: Anemia; Bleeding Time; Blood Platelets; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Platelet Function Tests; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 6143971
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Sep 1992
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bleeding Time; Contraindications; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Research Design
PubMed: 1389859
DOI: 10.1093/bja/69.3.330 -
Blood May 1992
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Bleeding Time; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 1533324
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 1998When performed with standardized methods and techniques, the bleeding time (BT) depends on variables that physiologically alter primary hemostasis. These variables... (Review)
Review
When performed with standardized methods and techniques, the bleeding time (BT) depends on variables that physiologically alter primary hemostasis. These variables include number of platelets and platelet function, white and red blood cell counts, vascular factors, hormones, and temperature. Variations within normal limits reflect the in vivo situation and are of no clinical relevance. If the BT is prolonged far above the upper normal limit, however, defects of primary hemostasis have to be anticipated. These include thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy, anemia, leukopenia, and deficiencies of plasmatic factors such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, the lupus anticoagulant, and factor V. The BT can be used as screening test for patients with bleeding symptoms. As a single test, the BT gives the best information in pediatrics, in which defects of primary hemostasis are more common than coagulopathies. In addition, BT can guide the therapy of these patients, because it reflects clinical improvement. When used as a preoperative screening test, BT should be combined with the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) because BT usually does not recognize patients with coagulopathies. With standardized techniques and the knowledge of its merits and limitations, BT is a useful test for diagnosing hemostatic disorders, guiding their therapy, and warning of unexpected bleeding complications during surgery. The BT is especially suited for use in pediatrics for the following reasons: (1) It does not require a venipuncture and is similar to capillary blood sampling if performed with standardized devices adapted for pediatric use; (2) it is an in vivo test informing mostly on defects of primary hemostasis, which are the most common bleeding diatheses in childhood; (3) the results are immediately available; (4) it requires only minimal amounts of blood; and (5) it does not require unphysiological reagents and preparation of the sample. The test requires a highly motivated and experienced operator who knows of the many variables influencing the BT. The interpretation cannot be done without knowledge of the history and physical status of the patient and of the limitations of the BT.
Topics: Bleeding Time; Child; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 10066148
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-996052 -
Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of... Mar 1992Bleeding time indicates the interaction of the platelets with the damaged vessel wall and the subsequent formation of the primary hemostatic plug. Bleeding time has been... (Review)
Review
Bleeding time indicates the interaction of the platelets with the damaged vessel wall and the subsequent formation of the primary hemostatic plug. Bleeding time has been widely used in the diagnosis of bleeding disorders, especially thrombocytopenia, abnormalities in platelet function, vascular disorders, and von Willebrand's disease. There are a number of methods to perform the bleeding time test, but there are significant problems concerning sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. To study the inhibitory effects of monoclonal antibodies (anti-vWF, anti-GPIb, and anti-GPIIb/IIIa) on primary hemostasis, these antibodies were infused to normal pigs. Anti-vWF and anti-GPIb antibodies markedly prolonged the bleeding time and inhibited hemostatic plug formation. The anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody completely inhibited ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but no or only mild prolongation of bleeding time was observed. The quantitative bleeding time which measures both the time and the amount of blood loss is useful in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders and in judging the efficacy of the treatment. It will provide important information to understand the mechanism of primary hemostasis.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bleeding Time; Humans; Swine
PubMed: 1518177
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Sep 1996
Review
Topics: Bleeding Time; Hemostasis; Humans; Platelet Function Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 8811825
DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(96)90173-1 -
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jan 1990
Review
Topics: Bibliographies as Topic; Bleeding Time; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Platelet Function Tests
PubMed: 2406909
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002659