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The British Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 1979The condition of blepharochalasis and its treatment are discussed. Four cases are presented which show a physical sign that may help in its diagnosis.
The condition of blepharochalasis and its treatment are discussed. Four cases are presented which show a physical sign that may help in its diagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blepharoptosis; Edema; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Recurrence
PubMed: 476029
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.63.8.542 -
Swiss Dental Journal 2014The first ophthalmologic complication in conjunction with a dental anesthesia was reported in 1936. The objective of the present study was a detailed analysis of case... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The first ophthalmologic complication in conjunction with a dental anesthesia was reported in 1936. The objective of the present study was a detailed analysis of case reports about that topic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
After conducting a literature search in PubMed this study analyzed 108 ophthalmologic complications following intraoral local anesthesia in 65 case reports with respect to patient-, anesthesia-, and complication- related factors.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 33.8 years and females predominated (72.3%). The most commonly reported complication was diplopia (39.8%), mostly resulting from paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle. Other relatively frequent complications included ptosis (16.7%), mydriasis (14.8%) and amaurosis (13%). Ophthalmologic complications were mainly associated with block anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (45.8%) or the posterior superior alveolar nerve (40.3%). Typically, the ophthalmologic complications in conjunction with intraoral local anesthesia had an immediate to short onset, and disappeared as the anesthesia subsided.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The increased number of ophthalmologic complications after intraoral local anesthesia in females may suggest a gender effect. Double vision (diplopia) is the most frequently described complication, which is usually completely reversible like the other reported ophthalmologic complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Blepharoptosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vision Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 25120235
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology Mar 2020Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide. As more countries consider bills that would legalize adult use of cannabis, health care providers, including eye... (Review)
Review
Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide. As more countries consider bills that would legalize adult use of cannabis, health care providers, including eye care professionals (ophthalmologists, optometrists), will need to recognize ocular effects of cannabis consumption in patients. There are only 20 studies on the eyelid effects of cannabis usage as a medical treatment or a recreational drug. These include ptosis induction, an "eyelid tremor" appearance and blepharospasm attenuation. Six articles describe how adequately dosed cannabis regimens could be promising medical treatments for blepharospasm induced by psychogenic factors. Fourteen articles report eyelid tremors in intoxicated drivers and ptosis as a secondary effect in cannabinoid animal experimental models. The exact mechanism of cannabinoids connecting cannabis to the eyelids is unclear. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the cannabinoid system in relation to the eyelid and eventually develop new, effective and safe therapeutic targets derived from cannabis.
Topics: Animals; Blepharoptosis; Blepharospasm; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Eyelids; Humans
PubMed: 31747112
DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13687 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2021Eyelid position and contour abnormality could lead to various diseases, such as blepharoptosis, which is a common eyelid disease. Accurate assessment of eyelid...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Eyelid position and contour abnormality could lead to various diseases, such as blepharoptosis, which is a common eyelid disease. Accurate assessment of eyelid morphology is important in the management of blepharoptosis. We aimed to proposed a novel deep learning-based image analysis to automatically measure eyelid morphological properties before and after blepharoptosis surgery.
METHODS
This study included 135 ptotic eyes of 103 patients who underwent blepharoptosis surgery. Facial photographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. Margin reflex distance (MRD) 1 and 2 of the operated eyes were manually measured by a senior surgeon. Multiple eyelid morphological parameters, such as MRD1, MRD2, upper eyelid length and corneal area, were automatically measured by our deep learning-based image analysis. Agreement between manual and automated measurements, as well as two repeated automated measurements of MRDs were analysed. Preoperative and postoperative eyelid morphological parameters were compared. Postoperative eyelid contour symmetry was evaluated using multiple mid-pupil lid distances (MPLDs).
RESULTS
The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between manual and automated measurements of MRDs ranged from 0.934 to 0.971 ( < .001), and the bias ranged from 0.09 mm to 0.15 mm. The ICCs between two repeated automated measurements were up to 0.999 ( < .001), and the bias was no more than 0.002 mm. After surgery, MRD1 increased significantly from 0.31 ± 1.17 mm to 2.89 ± 1.06 mm, upper eyelid length from 19.94 ± 3.61 mm to 21.40 ± 2.40 mm, and corneal area from 52.72 ± 15.97 mm to 76.31 ± 11.31mm (all < .001). Postoperative binocular MPLDs at different angles (from 0° to 180°) showed no significant differences in the patients.
CONCLUSION
This technique had high accuracy and repeatability for automatically measuring eyelid morphology, which allows objective assessment of blepharoptosis surgical outcomes. Using only patients' photographs, this technique has great potential in diagnosis and management of other eyelid-related diseases.
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Deep Learning; Eyelids; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34844503
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2009127 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Feb 2016
Topics: Adult; Blepharoptosis; Diplopia; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Orbital Diseases; Sinusitis
PubMed: 26794089
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.05.003 -
PloS One 2021In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of astigmatism preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively in patients with age-related ptosis (AP) and contact...
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of astigmatism preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively in patients with age-related ptosis (AP) and contact lens-related ptosis (CLP), and investigate surgery-induced astigmatism (SIA) using the Jaffe vector analysis and the Cravy method. Consecutive patients who underwent blepharoptosis surgery between January 2019 and December 2019 were included. The patients were divided into AP and CLP groups. Computerized corneal topography was used to assess the magnitude and axis of corneal astigmatism. Astigmatism was classified as with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR), or oblique astigmatism (OA) pre- and postoperatively. SIA was calculated by vector analysis using the Cravy and Jaffe methods. The correlation between SIA and margin reflex distance (MRD) was calculated. One hundred and eight eyes from 58 patients (AP group: 85 eyes from 45 patients, CLP group: 23 eyes from 13 patients) were included. The AP group (73.8±7.6 years) was significantly older than the CLP group (47.7±6.6 years). The MRD increased significantly after treatment in both groups. The proportions of WTR, ATR, and OA were 52%, 22%, and 25%, and 86%, 9%, and 4% in the AP and CLP groups, respectively. A shift in astigmatism type was observed in 41% and 13% of patients in the AP and CLP groups, respectively. The average SIA measured using the Cravy method was 0.11±1.22 D in the AP group and -0.28±1.07 D in the CLP group (WTR astigmatism). The SIA calculated using the Jaffe method was 0.78±0.70 D in the AP group and 0.82±0.88 D in the CLP group. There was no significant correlation between SIA calculated using the Cravy and Jaffe methods and MRD. ATR was most common in age-related ptosis and WTR was most common in contact lens-related ptosis. Upper eyelid re-positioning may affect visual functions due to astigmatic changes in the short term postoperatively.
Topics: Aged; Astigmatism; Blepharoptosis; Contact Lenses; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 34710107
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258688 -
Assessing the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus by confocal microscopy in patients with blepharoptosis.Annals of Medicine Dec 2022To assess confocal microscopy features of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in patients with congenital or aponeurogenic blepharoptosis using a fully automated software...
BACKGROUND
To assess confocal microscopy features of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in patients with congenital or aponeurogenic blepharoptosis using a fully automated software (ACCMetrics).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This prospective study included 33 patients with blepharoptosis and 17 normal controls. The corneal sub-basal nerve plexus was assessed using confocal microscopy, and the ocular surface status was evaluated by tear break-up times.
RESULTS
The mean age of 33 patients with blepharoptosis and 17 normal controls were 38.77 ± 22.81 years and 48.35 ± 17.15 years, respectively. The mean duration of blepharoptosis was 16.42 ± 15.60 years. In 13 patients with unilateral blepharoptosis, there was no significant difference between affected eyes and contralateral eyes (all s > .05), except for wider corneal nerve fibre width (CNFW) in affected eyes (0.024 ± 0.001 versus 0.023 ± 0.001 mm/mm, = .021). In 20 patients with bilateral blepharoptosis, there was no significant difference between the eyes. No significant difference was detected between 19 cases with congenital blepharoptosis and 14 cases with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis. When compared with normal controls, eyes with both unilateral and bilateral blepharoptosis had significantly wider CNFW. But from the point of aetiology, only eyes with congenital blepharoptosis presented with wider CNFW ( = .001), rather than the eyes with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis ( = .093). Besides, four young patients with congenital blepharoptosis revealed very sparse sub-basal nerve plexus.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggested that corneal confocal microscopy demonstrated no significant changes in patients with blepharoptosis as compared with normal controls, except for relatively wider CNFW in congenital affected eyes. However, in some children and young adults with congenital blepharoptosis, the density of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus was evidently decreased, which needs to be cautioned when ones with congenital blepharoptosis want to take corneal surgeries or wear contact lens.Key messagesWhen compared with normal controls, no significant effect was found in the influence of blepharoptosis on the most of corneal nerve parameters, except for corneal nerve fibre width (CNFW) in the group of congenital blepharoptosis.The age of onset of blepharoptosis may influence corneal nerve fibres, so timely surgical treatment of congenital blepharoptosis is not only conducive to the development of normal vision, but also beneficial to the reduction of corneal nerve lesions to some extent.We noted that some young blepharoptosis patients revealed sparse corneal nerve, which should be taken precaution when ones with congenital blepharoptosis who want to take corneal surgeries or wear contact lens.
Topics: Adult; Blepharoptosis; Child; Cornea; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Nerve Fibers; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 35014936
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2024246 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryTo explore the ocular surface changes after ptosis surgery in patients with severe congenital blepharoptosis.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the ocular surface changes after ptosis surgery in patients with severe congenital blepharoptosis.
METHODS
The patients were divided into group A and group B, Group A received conjoint fascial sheath suspension, and group B received frontal muscle flap suspension. The ocular surface changes were followed upon the 7th day and in the 1st and 3rd month after operation, which included Schirmer test (ST), break-up time (BUT), tear meniscus height (TMH). For normal distribution variables, t test was used before and after operation, and the Wilcoxon test was used for variables with abnormal distribution.
RESULTS
Compared to preoperative status, the ST and TMH were not significantly changed after surgery (P > 0.05), but BUT higher on the 7th day and in the 1st and 3rd month after operation (P < 0.05). The fluorescence staining (FL) score was higher in the 3rd month than that in the 1st month (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different between the 7th and in the 1st month after operation (P > 0.05). The ST, TMH, and BUT after surgery were not significantly different between groups of A and B (P > 0.05), but the FL score lower in the 3rd month than on the 7th day and in the 1st month after operation (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The ST, BUT, and TMH were not significantly changed after surgery between groups of A and B, but the FL score was lower in group A than that in group B in early postoperative time.
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Eye; Fascia; Humans; Muscles; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 34172687
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007693 -
BMC Ophthalmology Jun 2023Upper eyelid surgeries, such as blepharoplasty and ptosis correction, are commonly performed procedures worldwide. This review examines the effects of these surgeries on... (Review)
Review
Upper eyelid surgeries, such as blepharoplasty and ptosis correction, are commonly performed procedures worldwide. This review examines the effects of these surgeries on ocular properties and visual function. A search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published after 2000. The results demonstrate that the ocular and adnexal organs function as a unified visual system, with changes in one component affecting the functions of others. Eyelid surgery can alter ocular properties and functions by modifying retinal lighting and ocular optics. These alterations can affect intraocular pressure estimation, corneal curvature, corneal epithelial thickness, refractive power of the cornea, and intraocular lens calculation. Additionally, eyelid surgery can exacerbate dry eye symptoms and impact contrast sensitivity, which is a significant factor in visual quality. Therefore, understanding these interactions is crucial before performing eyelid surgery and during follow-up. This review summarizes recent literature on the effects of upper eyelid surgery on corneal properties and visual function, emphasizing the importance of considering these factors when planning or undergoing such procedures.
Topics: Humans; Blepharoplasty; Astigmatism; Cornea; Blepharoptosis; Eyelids
PubMed: 37280563
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03010-3 -
PloS One 2016Frontalis suspension surgery is considered the procedure of choice in cases of blepharoptosis. Among all the materials used in this type of surgery, ophthalmic and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Frontalis suspension surgery is considered the procedure of choice in cases of blepharoptosis. Among all the materials used in this type of surgery, ophthalmic and plastic surgeons prefer to use autologous Fascia Lata. However, during years, other autogenous and exogenous materials have been introduced.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was therefore that of systematically reviewing the functional results and the rate of complications of different synthetic materials, as compared to autogenous Fascia Lata. The primary objective was to determine the rates of Successful Surgeries (SSs) of these materials. The secondary objective was to assess the onset of complications. The following materials were investigated: Fascia Lata, Mersilene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Silicon.
DATA SOURCE AND METHODS
Following the Prisma procedure, on January 30th, 2016 we used the following electronic databases to select the studies: MEDLINE and Scopus.
RESULTS
The search strategy retrieved 48 publications that met the eligibility criteria of the systematic review. All studies were non-comparative. PTFE (n = 5) showed the best rate of SSs among the materials compared (statistically significant). Surgeries performed with autogenous Fascia Lata (n = 19) had a 87% rate of success those performed with Mersilene (n = 12)had 92% and those performed with Silicon (n = 17)88%. PTFE had the best outcome, with 99% success rate. As for complications, surgeries performed with PTFE had a higher rate of suture infections (1.9%) as compared to Fascia Lata, but lower incidence for all other complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Although most studies were good quality cohort studies, the overall quality of this evidence should be regarded as low due to their non-comparative design. Our data suggest that PTFE seems to be the most valid alternative material for frontalis suspension surgery, with low recurrence rates and good cosmetic and functional results.
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 27631781
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160827