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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Feb 2022
PubMed: 35505815
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and... Oct 2013Abdominal bloating is a very common and troublesome symptom of all ages, but it has not been fully understood to date. Bloating is usually associated with functional... (Review)
Review
Abdominal bloating is a very common and troublesome symptom of all ages, but it has not been fully understood to date. Bloating is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but it may also appear alone. The pathophysiology of bloating remains ambiguous, although some evidences support the potential mechanisms, including gut hypersensitivity, impaired gas handling, altered gut microbiota, and abnormal abdominal-phrenic reflexes. Owing to the insufficient understanding of these mechanisms, the available therapeutic options are limited. However, medical treatment with some prokinetics, rifaximin, lubiprostone and linaclotide could be considered in the treatment of bloating. In addition, dietary intervention is important in relieving symptom in patients with bloating.
PubMed: 24199004
DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.433 -
American Family Physician Mar 2019
Topics: Eructation; Flatulence; Humans
PubMed: 30811169
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2019Gastro-oesphageal reflux disease is an increasing health burden. The mainstay of treatment has conventionally been medical therapy but since the introduction of...
Gastro-oesphageal reflux disease is an increasing health burden. The mainstay of treatment has conventionally been medical therapy but since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery has been increasingly used for intractable symptoms or in patients unwilling to take long term medication. The Nissen 360 degree wrap has traditionally been considered the gold standard operation but can be associated with significant complications. These complications include "gas bloat" and dysphagia and can occur relatively frequently. Various modifications have been described to the original operation and some of these have been described. In addition alternative wraps have been described which seem to have a reduced incidence of complications associated with their use. This editorial discusses the various types of wrap that can be performed and the minimum requirements of the surgical technique. The evidence from a recent meta-analysis of the randomised data has suggested that an anterior wrap is associated with a lower rate of complications and gives just as good control of reflux symptoms. The advantages and disadvantages of an anterior wrap are discussed. The lack of long term follow up data concerns some practitioners and at the moment the choice of wrap carried out still rests with the individual surgeon.
Topics: Fundoplication; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Laparoscopy; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31908391
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i48.6876 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2023Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease where endometrial-like lesions settle outside the uterus, resulting in extensive inflammatory reactions. It is a complex... (Review)
Review
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease where endometrial-like lesions settle outside the uterus, resulting in extensive inflammatory reactions. It is a complex disease that presents with a range of symptoms, with pain and infertility being the most common. Along with severe dysmenorrhea, cyclic and acyclic lower abdominal pain, cyclic dysuria and dyschezia, dyspareunia, and infertility, there are also nonspecific complaints that can cause confusion and make endometriosis the chameleon among gynecological diseases. These symptoms include unspecific intestinal complaints, cyclic diarrhea, but also constipation, nausea, vomiting, and stomach complaints. It appears that in addition to general bowel symptoms, there are also specific symptoms related to endometriosis such as cyclic bloating of the abdomen, known as endo belly. During the second half of the menstrual cycle leading up to menstruation, the abdomen becomes increasingly bloated causing discomfort and pain due to elevated sensitivity of the intestinal wall. Patients with endometriosis exhibit a reduced stretch pain threshold of the intestinal wall. Here, we review the endo belly, for the first time, pathophysiology and the influence of other diseases (such as irritable bowel syndrome-IBS), microbiome, hormonal levels, inflammation, and diet on the presentation of this condition.
PubMed: 38002788
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227176 -
American Journal of Pharmaceutical... Apr 2023The syllabus is the cornerstone for directing faculty and student interaction within the didactic and experiential settings. Within each syllabus is both essential and... (Review)
Review
The syllabus is the cornerstone for directing faculty and student interaction within the didactic and experiential settings. Within each syllabus is both essential and optional information to guide students, faculty, and administration in course expectations as well as to explain how the course aligns within current curricular requirements to maintain program accreditation. Most syllabi contain a plethora of information that continues to grow each year, warranting concerns of syllabus bloat combined with dwindling student attention to syllabus detail. This paper summarizes best practices related to designing effective course syllabi and recommendations to promote clear and concise communication between students, faculty, and administrators involved in pharmacy education.
Topics: Humans; Education, Pharmacy; Curriculum; Students, Pharmacy; Faculty; Program Development
PubMed: 35487683
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8995 -
Nutrients May 2019Acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and an economic burden for families. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of probiotics on clinical... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and an economic burden for families. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of probiotics on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota, and inflammatory markers during childhood diarrhea.
METHODS
Children ( = 81) aged six months to six years (mean age 2.31 years) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were randomized to receive probiotics ( variety ; = 42) or no probiotics ( = 39) orally twice daily for seven days. Feces samples were also collected to evaluate microbial content using a traditional agar plate and next-generation sequencing. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin, and calprotectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared in different groups. Other clinical symptoms or signs, including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloated abdomen, daily intake, appetite, and body weight were also assessed.
RESULTS
Data were collected from 81 individuals across three different time points. Total fecal IgA levels in fecal extracts of the probiotics group were higher than those in the control group, reaching statistical significance ( 0.05). Concentrations of fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were significantly downregulated in patients with probiotic variety (Lc) consumption compared to those of the control ( 0.05). Probiotic Lc administration may be beneficial for gut-microbiota modulation, as shown by the data collected at one week after enrollment. Counts of and species were elevated in stool culture of the probiotic group. Appetite and oral intake, body-weight gain, abdominal pain, bloating, as well as bowel habits (diarrhea) were much better in children receiving probiotics compared with those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Fecal IgA increased during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment; in contrast, fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were downregulated during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment. Probiotic Lc may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.
Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Down-Regulation; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Infant; Inflammation Mediators; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lactoferrin; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Male; Probiotics; Prospective Studies; Taiwan; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31126062
DOI: 10.3390/nu11051150 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2022Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a disorder causing symptoms such as maldigestion, malnutrition, diarrhoea, bloating, vitamin deficiency and weight loss [...].
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a disorder causing symptoms such as maldigestion, malnutrition, diarrhoea, bloating, vitamin deficiency and weight loss [...].
PubMed: 36233587
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195720 -
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Feb 2022Abdominal bloating and distension are highly prevalent symptoms that can negatively impact quality of life and lead to medical consultation. Despite their prevalence,...
Abdominal bloating and distension are highly prevalent symptoms that can negatively impact quality of life and lead to medical consultation. Despite their prevalence, symptoms of bloating and distension pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as they are inherently nonspecific symptoms with a complex etiology, and no uniform diagnostic or treatment algorithm currently exists. Additionally, bloating is common among disorders of gut-brain interaction, which can be difficult to treat. This article offers a practical approach for evaluating and treating symptoms of bloating and distension through discussion of 5 common etiologies: diet, small intestinal bacterial over-growth, constipation, visceral hypersensitivity, and abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia. An effective personalized evaluation and treatment plan can be established to address symptoms of bloating and distension through consideration of these etiologies in the context of the patient's individual characteristics and presentation.
PubMed: 35505814
DOI: No ID Found