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Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024There is clinical evidence that the fresh blood viscosity is an important indicator in the development of vascular disorder and coagulation. However, existing clinical...
There is clinical evidence that the fresh blood viscosity is an important indicator in the development of vascular disorder and coagulation. However, existing clinical viscosity measurement techniques lack the ability to measure blood viscosity and replicate the hemodynamics simultaneously. Here, we fabricate a novel digital device, called Tesla valves and ultrasound waves-powered blood plasma viscometer (TUBPV) which shows capacities in both viscosity measurement and coagulation monitoring. Based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, viscosity analysis can be faithfully performed by a video microscopy. Tesla-like channel ensured unidirectional liquid motion with stable pressure driven that was triggered by the interaction of Tesla valve structure and ultrasound waves. In few seconds the TUBPV can generate an accurate viscosity profile on clinic fresh blood samples from the flow time evaluation. Besides, Tesla-inspired microchannels can be used in the real-time coagulation monitoring. These results indicate that the TUBVP can serve as a point-of-care device in the ICU to evaluate the blood's viscosity and the anticoagulation treatment.
PubMed: 38720878
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1394373 -
Applied Magnetic Resonance Aug 2023The viscosity measurements are of clinical significance for evaluation of the potential pathological conditions of biological lubricants such as synovial fluids of...
The viscosity measurements are of clinical significance for evaluation of the potential pathological conditions of biological lubricants such as synovial fluids of joints, and for formulation and characterization of peptide- and protein-based biotherapeutics. Due to inherent potential therapeutic activity, protein drugs have proven to be one of the most efficient therapeutic agents in treatment of several life-threatening disorders, such as diabetes and autoimmune diseases. However, home-use applications for treating chronic inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, necessitate the development of high-concentration insulin and monoclonal antibodies formulations for patient self-administration. High protein concentrations can affect viscosity of the corresponding drug solutions complicating their manufacture and administration. The measurements of the viscosity of new insulin analogs and monoclonal antibodies solutions under development is of practical importance to avoid unwanted highly viscous, and therefore, painful for injection drug formulations. Recently, we have demonstrated capability of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) viscometry using viscosity-sensitive C-labeled trityl spin probe (C-dFT) to report the viscosity of human blood, and interstitial fluids measured in various organs in mice and in anesthetized mice, . In the present work, we demonstrate utility of the EPR viscometry using C-dFT to measure microviscosity of commercial insulin samples, antibodies solution, and human synovial fluids using small microliter volume samples (5-50 μL). This viscometry analysis approach provides useful tool to control formulations and administration of new biopharmaceuticals, and for evaluation of the state of synovial fluids of importance for clinical applications.
PubMed: 38707765
DOI: 10.1007/s00723-023-01556-5 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2024The integrity of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal network controls the morphology, specific surface area, material exchange, and state of erythrocytes in the blood...
The integrity of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal network controls the morphology, specific surface area, material exchange, and state of erythrocytes in the blood circulation. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol have been reported, but studies on the effect of resveratrol on the hypoxia-induced mechanical properties of erythrocytes are rare. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of resveratrol on the protection of red blood cell mor-phology and changes in intracellular redox levels were examined to select an appropriate concentration for further study. The Young's modulus and surface roughness of the red blood cells and blood viscosity were measured via atomic force microsco-py and a blood rheometer, respectively. Flow cytometry, free hemoglobin levels, and membrane lipid peroxidation levels were used to characterize cell membrane damage in the presence and absence of resveratrol after hypoxia. The effects of oxida-tive stress on the erythrocyte membrane proteins band 3 and spectrin were further investigated by immunofluorescent label-ing and Western blotting. Resveratrol changed the surface roughness and Young's modulus of the erythrocyte mem-brane, reduced the rate of eryptosis in erythrocytes after hypoxia, and stabilized the intracellular redox level. Further data showed that resveratrol protected the erythrocyte membrane proteins band 3 and spectrin. Moreover, resistance to band 3 pro-tein tyrosine phosphorylation and sulfhydryl oxidation can protect the stability of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton net-work, thereby protecting erythrocyte deformability under hypoxia. The results of the present study may provide new insights into the roles of resveratrol in the prevention of hypoxia and as an antioxidant.
PubMed: 38706947
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1399154 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Apr 2024Recently, our group developed a synergistic brain drug delivery method to achieve simultaneous transcranial hyperthermia and localized blood-brain barrier opening via...
Recently, our group developed a synergistic brain drug delivery method to achieve simultaneous transcranial hyperthermia and localized blood-brain barrier opening via MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). In a rodent model, we demonstrated that the ultrasound power required for transcranial MRgFUS hyperthermia was significantly reduced by injecting microbubbles (MBs). However, the specific mechanisms underlying the power reduction caused by MBs remain unclear. The present study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of MB-enhanced transcranial MRgFUS hyperthermia through numerical studies using the finite element method. The microbubble acoustic emission (MAE) and the viscous dissipation (VD) were hypothesized to be the specific mechanisms. Acoustic wave propagation was used to model the FUS propagation in the brain tissue, and a bubble dynamics equation for describing the dynamics of MBs with small shell thickness was used to model the MB oscillation under FUS exposures. A modified bioheat transfer equation was used to model the temperature in the rodent brain with different heat sources. A theoretical model was used to estimate the bubble shell's surface tension, elasticity, and viscosity losses. The simulation reveals that MAE and VD caused a 40.5% and 52.3% additional temperature rise, respectively. Compared with FUS only, MBs caused a 64.0% temperature increase, which is consistent with our previous animal experiments. Our investigation showed that MAE and VD are the main mechanisms of MB-enhanced transcranial MRgFUS hyperthermia.
PubMed: 38702233
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106889 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024In this study, waxy corn starch was modified with 230 U or 460 U of amylosucrase (AS) from (NP) to elongate the glucan. The amylose content of the AS-modified starches...
In this study, waxy corn starch was modified with 230 U or 460 U of amylosucrase (AS) from (NP) to elongate the glucan. The amylose content of the AS-modified starches was determined using iodine and concanavalin A (Con A) methods, and their in vivo digestion, thermal, swelling, and pasting properties were evaluated. The amylose content of AS-treated starches was not significantly different ( > 0.05) when using the Con A method but was significantly higher than that of non-AS-treated samples when using the iodine method. In vivo, rats fed AS-treated starch had significantly lower blood glucose levels at 15 min than other rats; rats fed 460 U AS had lower blood glucose levels at 30 and 60 min than non-AS-treated rats. DSC analysis revealed that AS-treated starches exhibited higher initial, melting, and completion temperatures. Minimal volume expansion was observed by swelling factor analysis, while a Rapid Visco Analyzer assessment revealed that they had higher pasting onset temperatures, lower peak viscosities, and no trough viscosity compared to native starch. The elongated glucans in AS-treated starch reinforced their crystalline structure and increased slowly digestible and enzyme-resistant starch content. Overall, AS-treated starch showed unique thermal properties and a reduced blood glucose index upon administration. This distinctive characteristic of NPAS-treated starch makes it a good candidate food or non-food material for cosmetic products, medical materials, and adhesives.
PubMed: 38672876
DOI: 10.3390/foods13081203 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The flow and heat transfer of a steady, viscous biomagnetic fluid containing magnetic particles caused by the swirling and stretching motion of a three-dimensional...
The flow and heat transfer of a steady, viscous biomagnetic fluid containing magnetic particles caused by the swirling and stretching motion of a three-dimensional cylinder has been investigated numerically in this study. Because fluid and particle rotation are different, a magnetic field is applied in both radial and tangential directions to counteract the effects of rotational viscosity in the flow domain. Partial differential equations are used to represent the governing three-dimensional modeled equations. With the aid of customary similarity transformations, this system of partial differential equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. They are then numerically resolved utilizing a common finite differences technique that includes iterative processing and the manipulation of tridiagonal matrices. Graphs are used to depict the physical effects of imperative parameters on the swirling velocity, temperature distributions, skin friction coefficient, and the rate of heat transfer. For higher values of the ferromagnetic interaction parameter, it is discovered that the axial velocity increases, whereas temperature and tangential velocity drop. With rising levels of the ferromagnetic interaction parameter, the size of the axial skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer are both accelerated. In some limited circumstances, a comparison with previously published work is also handled and found to be acceptably accurate.
PubMed: 38671738
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040317 -
PloS One 2024Association between whole blood viscosity (WBV) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. However, the causal relationship between WBV and...
AIMS
Association between whole blood viscosity (WBV) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. However, the causal relationship between WBV and CVD remains not thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relation between WBV and CVD.
METHODS
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method, to investigate the casual relationship between WBV and CVD. The calculated WBV and medical records of 378,210 individuals participating in the UK Biobank study were divided into halves and analyzed.
RESULTS
The means of calculated WBVs were 16.9 (standard deviation: 0.8) and 55.1 (standard deviation: 17.2) for high shear rate (HSR) and low shear rate (LSR), respectively. 37,859 (10.0%) major cardiovascular events (MACE) consisted of 23,894 (6.3%) cases of myocardial infarction (MI), 9,245 (2.4%) cases of ischemic stroke, 10,377 (2.7%) cases of revascularization, and 5,703 (1.5%) cases of coronary heart disease-related death. In the MR analysis, no evidence was found indicating a causal effect of WBV on MACE (IVW p-value for HSR = 0.81, IVW p-value for LSR = 0.47), MI (0.92, 0.83), ischemic stroke (0.52, 0.74), revascularization (0.71, 0.54), and coronary heart disease-related death (0.83, 0.70). The lack of sufficient evidence for causality persisted in other MR methods, including weighted median and MR-egger.
CONCLUSIONS
The Mendelian randomization analysis conducted in this study does not support a causal relationship between calculated WBV and CVD.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Blood Viscosity; Female; Male; Middle Aged; United Kingdom; Aged; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38669241
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294095 -
Biochemia Medica Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of lipemia on clinical chemistry and coagulation parameters in native ultralipemic (NULM) and intravenous lipid emulsion... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lipemia on clinical chemistry and coagulation parameters in native ultralipemic (NULM) and intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) spiked samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The evaluation of biochemistry (photometric, ion-selective electrode, immunoturbidimetric method), cardiac (electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method) and coagulation (the viscosity-based mechanical method for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and the immunoturbidimetric method for D-dimer) parameters were conducted. In addition to the main pools, five pools were prepared for both types of lipemia, each with triglyceride (TG) concentrations of approximately 2.8, 5.7, 11.3, 17.0 and 22.6 mmol/L. All parameters' mean differences (MD%) were presented as interferographs and compared with the desirable specification for the inaccuracy (bias%). Data were also evaluated by repeated measures of ANOVA.
RESULTS
Prothrombin time and APTT showed no clinically relevant interference in IVLE-added pools but were negatively affected in NULM pools(P < 0.001 in both parameters). For biochemistry, the most striking difference was seen for CRP; it is up to 134 MD% value with NULM (P < 0.001) at the highest TG concentration, whereas it was up to - 2.49 MD% value with IVLE (P = 0.009). Albumin was affected negatively upward of 5.7 mmol/L TG with IVLE, while there was no effect for NULM. Creatinine displayed significant positive interferences with NULM starting at the lowest TG concentration (P = 0.028). There was no clinically relevant interference in cardiac markers for both lipemia types.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences were scrutinized in interference patterns of lipemia types, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of lipemia interferences in clinical laboratories. It is crucial to note that lipid emulsions inadequately replicate lipemic samples.
Topics: Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Prothrombin Time; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Triglycerides; Blood Coagulation
PubMed: 38665874
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2024.020701 -
Reumatologia Clinica Apr 2024The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different...
BACKGROUND
The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was performed with a baseline of 517 SF samples between 2011 and 2023. White blood cell count was performed by Neubauer chamber and crystals were identified by polarized light microscopy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and prevalence was reported as a percentage.
RESULTS
The mean age of the adults was 73.5±5.0 years, 54.4% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean SF volume was 6.3±9.5mL in older adults and 15.3±24.9mL in those younger than 65 years. The mean viscosity in older adults was 9.5±4.5mm and the mean leukocyte count was 7352±16,402leukocytes/mm. Seventy percent of the older adults' SFs were referred to the laboratory for osteoarthritis (OA), with lower proportions for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (14.6%) and gout (5.1%). Of the crystals observed in the geriatric population, 14.6% corresponded to monosodium urate crystals (CUM) and 18.9% to calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP).
CONCLUSIONS
The characteristics of LS in older adults were smaller volume, increased viscosity, and non-inflammatory. The main diagnoses were OA, RA, and gout. The crystal content of the SF of the geriatric population corresponded mainly to CPP.
Topics: Humans; Synovial Fluid; Aged; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Gout; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Mexico; Leukocyte Count; Age Factors
PubMed: 38644030
DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.12.009 -
Atherosclerosis May 2024Mechanistic studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can modulate inflammation. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Mechanistic studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can modulate inflammation.
METHODS
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 41 ASCVD subjects with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria and LDL-C level >70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin therapy received subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg every 4 weeks or matching placebo. The primary outcomes were change in circulating immune cell transcriptional response, lipoproteins and blood viscosity at 2 weeks and 12 weeks. Safety was assessed in all subjects who received at least one dose of assigned treatment and analyses were conducted in the intention-to-treat population.
RESULTS
All 41 randomized subjects completed the 2-week visit. Six subjects did not receive study medication consistently after the 2-week visit due to COVID-19 pandemic suspension of research activities. The groups were well-matched with respect to age, comorbidities, baseline LDL-C, white blood cell counts, and markers of systemic inflammation. Evolocumab reduced LDL-C by -68.8% (p < 0.0001) and -52.8% (p < 0.0001) at 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. There were no differences in blood viscosity at baseline nor at 2 and 12 weeks. RNA-seq was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells with and without TLR4 stimulation ("Stress" transcriptomics). "Stress" transcriptomics unmasked immune cell phenotypic differences between evolocumab and placebo groups at 2 and 12 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
This trial is the first to demonstrate that PCSK9 mAB with evolocumab can modulate circulating immune cell properties and highlights the importance of "stress" profiling of circulating immune cells that more clearly define immune contributions to ASCVD.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Double-Blind Method; PCSK9 Inhibitors; Monocytes; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Proprotein Convertase 9; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Anticholesteremic Agents; Lipoproteins; Treatment Outcome; COVID-19; Blood Viscosity
PubMed: 38583289
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117529