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International Urogynecology Journal May 2018Women expel various kinds of fluids during sexual activities. These are manifestations of sexual arousal and orgasm or coital incontinence. This study is aimed at... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Women expel various kinds of fluids during sexual activities. These are manifestations of sexual arousal and orgasm or coital incontinence. This study is aimed at suggesting a diagnostic scheme to differentiate among these phenomena.
METHODS
Web of Science and Ovid (MEDLINE) databases were systematically searched from 1950 to 2017 for articles on various fluid expulsion phenomena in women during sexual activities, which contain relevant information on sources and composition of the expelled fluids.
RESULTS
An ultra-filtrate of blood plasma of variable quantity, which is composed of transvaginal transudate at sexual stimulation, enables vaginal lubrication. Female ejaculation (FE) is the secretion of a few milliliters of thick, milky fluid by the female prostate (Skene's glands) during orgasm, which contains prostate-specific antigen. Squirting (SQ) is defined as the orgasmic transurethral expulsion of tenths of milliliters of a form of urine containing various concentrations of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. FE and SQ are two phenomena with different mechanisms. Coital incontinence (CI) could be classified into penetration and orgasm forms, which could be associated with stress urinary incontinence or detrusor hyperactivity.
CONCLUSION
Squirting, FE, and CI are different phenomena with various mechanisms and could be differentiated according to source, quantity, expulsion mechanism, and subjective feelings during sexual activities.
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Coitus; Ejaculation; Female; Humans; Orgasm; Sexual Behavior; Urethra; Urinary Incontinence, Stress
PubMed: 29285596
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-017-3527-9 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Jan 2019
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bodily Secretions; Genetic Variation; RNA, Bacterial; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30517616
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny281 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Bodily Secretions; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Humans; Umbilicus; Urachus; Young Adult
PubMed: 31420441
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231139 -
Respiratory Care Sep 2021
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Conscious Sedation; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 34408083
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.09309 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Oct 2003Secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is important to almost all bacteria, and in particular mediates interactions between pathogenic or symbiotic... (Review)
Review
Secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is important to almost all bacteria, and in particular mediates interactions between pathogenic or symbiotic bacteria with their eukaryotic hosts. The accumulation of bacterial genome sequence data in the past few years has provided great insights into the distribution and function of these secretion systems. Three systems are responsible for secretion of proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane: Sec, SRP and Tat. Many novel examples of systems for transport across the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope have been discovered through genome sequencing and surveys, including many novel type III secretion systems and autotransporters. Similarly, genomic data mining has revealed many new potential secretion substrates and identified unsuspected domains in secretion-associated proteins. Interestingly, genomic analyses have also hinted at the existence of a dedicated protein secretion system in Gram-positive bacteria, targeting members of the WXG100/ESAT-6 family of proteins, and have revealed an unexpectedly wide distribution of sortase-driven protein-targeting systems.
Topics: Bacteria; Bodily Secretions; Genomics; Virulence
PubMed: 14572546
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2003.09.005 -
Cell Research Sep 2020
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Protein Transport; Vesicular Transport Proteins
PubMed: 32728197
DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0382-x -
Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite Mar 2014
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Coitus; Ejaculation; Female; Humans; Male; Orgasm; Vagina
PubMed: 24772467
DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.01.021 -
Parasites & Vectors Jan 2022Apicomplexans are important pathogens that cause severe infections in humans and animals. The biology and pathogeneses of these parasites have shown that proteins are... (Review)
Review
Apicomplexans are important pathogens that cause severe infections in humans and animals. The biology and pathogeneses of these parasites have shown that proteins are intrinsically modulated during developmental transitions, physiological processes and disease progression. Also, proteins are integral components of parasite structural elements and organelles. Among apicomplexan parasites, Eimeria species are an important disease aetiology for economically important animals wherein identification and characterisation of proteins have been long-winded. Nonetheless, this review seeks to give a comprehensive overview of constitutively expressed Eimeria proteins. These molecules are discussed across developmental stages, organelles and sub-cellular components vis-à-vis their biological functions. In addition, hindsight and suggestions are offered with intention to summarise the existing trend of eimerian protein characterisation and to provide a baseline for future studies.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Protozoan; Apicomplexa; Bodily Secretions; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Eimeria tenella; Genes, Protozoan; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Merozoites; Oocysts; Organelles; Peptide Hydrolases; Poultry Diseases; Protein Transport; Sporozoites
PubMed: 35073987
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05159-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Bacteria have existed on Earth for billions of years, exhibiting ubiquity and involvement in various biological activities. To ensure survival, bacteria usually release... (Review)
Review
Bacteria have existed on Earth for billions of years, exhibiting ubiquity and involvement in various biological activities. To ensure survival, bacteria usually release and secrete effector proteins to acquire nutrients and compete with other microorganisms for living space during long-term evolution. Consequently, bacteria have developed a range of secretion systems, which are complex macromolecular transport machines responsible for transporting proteins across the bacterial cell membranes. Among them, one particular secretion system that stands out from the rest is the type V secretion system (T5SS), known as the "autotransporter". Bacterial activities mediated by T5SS include adherence to host cells or the extracellular matrix, invasion of host cells, immune evasion and serum resistance, contact-dependent growth inhibition, cytotoxicity, intracellular flow, protease activity, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation. In a bacterial body, it is not enough to rely on T5SS alone; in most cases, T5SS cooperates with other secretion systems to carry out bacterial life activities, but regardless of how good the relationship is, there is friction between the secretion systems. T5SS and T1SS/T2SS/T3SS/T6SS all play a synergistic role in the pathogenic processes of bacteria, such as nutrient acquisition, pathogenicity enhancement, and immune modulation, but T5SS indirectly inhibits the function of T4SS. This could be considered a love-hate relationship between secretion systems. This paper uses the systematic literature review methodology to review 117 journal articles published within the period from 1995 to 2024, which are all available from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and aim to elucidate the link between T5SS and other secretion systems, providing clues for future prevention and control of bacterial diseases.
Topics: Type V Secretion Systems; Bacteria; Bodily Secretions; Cell Aggregation; Cell Membrane
PubMed: 38203452
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010281 -
Science Signaling Aug 2020The oral bacterium is often found in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the 21 July 2020 issue of , Casasanta show that CRC cell-resident promotes cytokine secretion that... (Review)
Review
The oral bacterium is often found in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the 21 July 2020 issue of , Casasanta show that CRC cell-resident promotes cytokine secretion that may potentiate tumor growth and metastatic progression in patients.
Topics: Bodily Secretions; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL1; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Interleukin-8
PubMed: 32788340
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc4218