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BMJ Open May 2024The Bone And MicroBiOme Onset (BAMBOO) study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study conducted in Tianjin, China, aiming to determine age-appropriate... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
The Bone And MicroBiOme Onset (BAMBOO) study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study conducted in Tianjin, China, aiming to determine age-appropriate trajectories for microbiome maturation and bone development and to identify the influence of dietary factors in the process.
PARTICIPANTS
The recruitment started in September 2021 and was completed in February 2023. A total of 1380 subjects were recruited, 690 at birth (group 1) and 690 at 6 months of age (group 2). Groups 1 and 2 will be followed up for 12 months and 36 months, respectively.
FINDINGS TO DATE
The age of the mothers was 31.1±3.7 (mean±SD), and the birth weight of infants was 3.3±0.5 kg with an incidence of caesarean section 50.4%. Food diary information of the first 100 subjects showed that 64 food items were introduced by 6 months. A pilot microbiome analysis revealed that at the species level, bacterial communities were composed of mostly and , which were consistent with that of previous reports. Feasibility assessments of breast milk vitamin D and human milk oligosaccharides were validated through certified reference measurements. The early data assessment showed a high reliability of the data generated from this study.
FUTURE PLANS
Data collection will be completed in August 2025. Four stage-statistical analyses will be performed as the cohort reaches certain age thresholds before the final report. Analysis of BAMBOO data will be used to develop age-appropriate trajectories for microbiome maturation and bone development for children aged 0-3 years and investigate the contribution of dietary factors in the process.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR2100049972.
Topics: Humans; China; Infant; Female; Prospective Studies; Infant, Newborn; Male; Bone Development; Milk, Human; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adult; Child, Preschool; Vitamin D; Diet; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38760054
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075417 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) is a cardio-metabolic health protector. Objectives: (1) to compare body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Integrated neuromuscular training intervention applied in schools induces a higher increase in salivary high molecular weight adiponectin and a more favorable body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in children as compared to the traditional physical education classes.
BACKGROUND
High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) is a cardio-metabolic health protector. Objectives: (1) to compare body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength (MS) in healthy school-children depending on their baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration; and (2) to apply a 3-month integrated neuromuscular training (INT) and evaluate its effects on salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration, BMI, CRF and MS in the same children. Additional goal: to identify if any potential changes during the 3-month period may be related to a potential change in salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration.
METHODS
Ninety children (7.4 ± 0.3 years) were recruited in primary schools and randomly allocated into control or intervention group. The intervention consisted of a 3-month INT applied during physical education (PE) classes, twice-weekly, while the control group had traditional PE classes. Body mass and height were measured, BMI was calculated and HMW-adiponectin was quantified in saliva. To assess CRF and MS, 800 m-run and hand-dynamometry were applied, respectively. All measurements were performed twice, at baseline and after 3 months.
RESULTS
Children with higher baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin have more favorable BMI ( = 0.006) and slightly higher CRF ( = 0.017) in comparison to the children with lower baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin. There were no big changes after the 3-month-period neither in the control, nor the INT group. However, it is worthy to note that the INT induced slightly higher increase in salivary-HMW-adiponectin ( = 0.007), and a slightly higher improvement in BMI ( = 0.028), CRF ( = 0.043) and MS ( = 0.003), as compared to the traditional PE classes. Finally, the INT-induced improvement in CRF was associated with the increased post-salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration ( = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
Main findings may suggest the potential utility of an INT as a cost-effective strategy that can be applied in schools to induce cardio-protective effects in school-children.
Topics: Humans; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Body Mass Index; Child; Adiponectin; Male; Female; Saliva; Muscle Strength; Physical Education and Training; Schools; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 38756879
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337958 -
PeerJ 2024An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and...
BACKGROUND
An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals.
METHODS
The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings.
RESULTS
The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects ( = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group ( = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = -0.460, = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = -0.396, = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet.
CONCLUSION
Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Interleukin-17; Male; Female; Interleukin-18; Saliva; Adult; Periodontitis; Diet, Gluten-Free; Interleukin-1beta; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Young Adult
PubMed: 38756445
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17374 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), related oral health and investigate salivary mineral composition. The study...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), related oral health and investigate salivary mineral composition. The study was conducted with 50 participants aged between 6-15 years who were effected with MIH and 50 without MIH. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/Surface (DMFT/S), dft/s and gingival/plaque indices were evaluated. The pH, flow rate, buffering capacity and mineral composition of saliva was measured. "Student " test, one-way analysis of variance in repeated measurements of groups, and Tukey multiplex in subgroup comparisons was used. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used to analyze qualitative data and compare groups. A total of 100 children (57 females 43 males, mean age 10.12 ± 1.85) participated in the study. There was no difference between ICDAS, DMFT/S scores, but dft/s index values were statistically significant ( = 0.001). The simplified oral hygiene index of MIH patients were statistically higher, but no significant differences were found in modified gingival indices ( = 0.52). Although the salivary pH and flow rate of the patients in the study group were lower, the buffering capacity was higher than those in the control group, but no significant difference was observed ( = 0.64). The mean values of phosphorus, carbon and calcium content in the saliva samples of MIH patients were higher than those of patients without MIH, and this difference was low for phosphorus ( = 0.76) and carbon ( = 0.74), but significantly higher for calcium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association between calcium, phosphate and carbon levels in saliva of children with MIH. The significantly high amount of calcium in the saliva of patients with MIH suggests that further investigations are needed.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Child; Female; Male; Adolescent; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Minerals; Calcium; DMF Index; Severity of Illness Index; Phosphorus; Molar Hypomineralization
PubMed: 38755986
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.024 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Aiming to study the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, salivary cortisol levels, and economic viability of pigs administered...
Aspartic protease supplementation enhancing the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and economic viability, without changing blood parameters and salivary cortisol of pigs.
Aiming to study the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, salivary cortisol levels, and economic viability of pigs administered aspartic protease, a total of 135 pigs were housed in pens in a randomized block design, divided into five treatments with nine replications. The experimental diets were positive control (PC), basic diet with a 5.0% reduction in protein and amino acid requirements; negative control (NC) with a 7.5% reduction in protein and amino acid requirements; NC + 100 g/mT of aspartic protease (NC100); NC + 150 g/mT of aspartic protease (NC150); and NC + 200 g/mT of neutral serine protease (NC200). The inclusion of protease, independently of the source and amount, increased the average daily weight gain (P < 0.05) of animals compared with the control treatments (PC and NC), improved feed conversion (P < 0.05) in early stages, and improved diet digestibility (P < 0.05) compared with the PC. Treatment with NC150 and NC200 resulted in greater carcass weights (P < 0.05) than treatment with the PC. NC100 led to a greater carcass yield than PC (P < 0.05), and NC150 resulted in a greater loin eye area than PC (P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) in the blood parameters or salivary cortisol levels were found. Regarding economic viability, proteases increased the profitability, with NC150 leading to the best results. Thus, the use of aspartic proteases is recommended to improve performance and further facilitate pork production.
Topics: Animals; Hydrocortisone; Swine; Animal Feed; Saliva; Digestion; Dietary Supplements; Aspartic Acid Proteases; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Male; Diet
PubMed: 38755406
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62006-1 -
Nature Communications May 2024The goal of this study is to examine the association between in utero drought exposure and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in a global climate change hot spot....
The goal of this study is to examine the association between in utero drought exposure and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in a global climate change hot spot. Calculations of EAA in adults using DNA methylation have been found to accurately predict chronic disease and longevity. However, fewer studies have examined EAA in children, and drought exposure in utero has not been investigated. Additionally, studies of EAA in low-income countries with diverse populations are rare. We assess EAA using epigenetic clocks and two DNAm-based pace-of-aging measurements from whole saliva samples in 104 drought-exposed children and 109 same-sex sibling controls in northern Kenya. We find a positive association between in utero drought exposure and EAA in two epigenetic clocks (Hannum's and GrimAge) and a negative association in the DNAm based telomere length (DNAmTL) clock. The combined impact of drought's multiple deleterious stressors may reduce overall life expectancy through accelerated epigenetic aging.
Topics: Humans; Droughts; Female; Epigenesis, Genetic; Climate Change; Kenya; Male; Child; DNA Methylation; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pregnancy; Aging; Saliva; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38755138
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48426-7 -
PloS One 2024Bovine mastitis is a widespread and costly disease that affects dairy farming globally, characterized by mammary gland inflammation. Bovine intramammary gland infection...
Alarming multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis: Antibiotic resistance patterns and occurrence of selected resistance genes.
Bovine mastitis is a widespread and costly disease that affects dairy farming globally, characterized by mammary gland inflammation. Bovine intramammary gland infection has been associated with more than 135 different pathogens of which Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiology of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM). The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, tetK, aacA-aphD and blaZ) in S. aureus isolated from the raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. A total of 543 milk samples were collected from lactating cows such as Holstein Friesian (n = 79), Sahiwal (n = 175), Cholistani (n = 107), and Red Sindhi (n = 182) from different dairy farms in Pakistan. From the milk samples microscopic slides were prepared and the somatic cell count was assessed to find SCM. To isolate and identify S. aureus, milk was streaked on mannitol salt agar (MSA) plates. Further confirmation was done based on biochemical assays, including gram staining (+ coccus), catalase test (+), and coagulase test (+). All the biochemically confirmed S. aureus isolates were molecularly identified using the thermonuclease (nuc) gene. The antibiotic resistance pattern of all the S. aureus isolates was evaluated through the disc diffusion method. Out of 543 milk samples, 310 (57.09%) were positive for SCM. Among the SCM-positive samples, S. aureus was detected in 30.32% (94/310) samples. Out of 94 isolates, 47 (50%) were determined to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Among these MDR isolates, 11 exhibited resistance to Cefoxitin, and hence were classified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The S. aureus isolates showed the highest resistance to Lincomycin (84.04%) followed by Ampicillin (45.74%), while the least resistance was shown to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (3.19%) and Gentamycin (6.38%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that 55.31% of the isolates carried blaZ gene, 46.80% carried tetK gene, 17.02% harbored the mecA gene, whereas, aacA-aphD gene was found in 13.82% samples. Our findings revealed a significant level of contamination of milk with S. aureus and half (50%) of the isolates were MDR. The isolated S. aureus harbored various antibiotic resistance genes responsible for the absorbed phenotypic resistance. The alarmingly high prevalence of MDR S. aureus isolates and MRSA strains in these cases possess a serious risk to public health, emphasizes the urgent need to address this issue to protect both human and animal health in Pakistan.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Female; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcal Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Pakistan; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38753608
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301200 -
PloS One 2024Calcium binding protein, spermatid associated 1 (CABS1) is a protein most widely studied in spermatogenesis. However, mRNA for CABS1 has been found in numerous tissues,...
Calcium binding protein, spermatid associated 1 (CABS1) is a protein most widely studied in spermatogenesis. However, mRNA for CABS1 has been found in numerous tissues, albeit with little information about the protein. Previously, we identified CABS1 mRNA and protein in human salivary glands and provided evidence that in humans CABS1 contains a heptapeptide near its carboxyl terminus that has anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, levels of an immunoreactive form of CABS1 were elevated in psychological stress. To more fully characterize human CABS1 we developed additional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to different sections of the protein and used these antibodies to characterize CABS1 in an overexpression cell lysate, human salivary glands, saliva, serum and testes using western blot, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics approaches exploiting the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. CABS1 appears to have multiple molecular weight forms, consistent with its recognition as a structurally disordered protein, a protein with structural plasticity. Interestingly, in human testes, its cellular distribution differs from that in rodents and pigs, and includes Leydig cells, primary spermatogonia, Sertoli cells and developing spermatocytes and spermatids, Geodata suggests that CABS1 is much more widely distributed than previously recognized, including in the urogenital, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, as well as in the nervous system, immune system and other tissues. Much remains to be learned about this intriguing protein.
Topics: Humans; Male; Testis; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Animals; Saliva; Salivary Glands; Spermatids; Spermatogenesis
PubMed: 38753592
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301855 -
Veterinaria Italiana Sep 2023Farmhouse cheeses made from raw ovine or caprine milk are very popular among the consumers not only in Italy but also overseas because of their unique organoleptic...
Farmhouse cheeses made from raw ovine or caprine milk are very popular among the consumers not only in Italy but also overseas because of their unique organoleptic properties. These cheeses are usually manufactured, according to traditional methods, in small rudimental facilities adjacent to the farm where the achievement of satisfactory hygienic standards can be challenging. However, the lack of systematic data about farm management and the cheese manufacturing processes hampers the conduction of specific risk assessment studies. In order to fill the knowledge gaps, we collected relevant data, through a questionnaire - based survey, from 125 small ruminants' farmhouse dairies spread in Lazio. Results showed that 1.1% of registered farms process their own milk for the production of raw milk cheeses. Hand milking is still applied in almost half of them and most products are subject to a short ‑ to ‑ medium ripening period which might not be sufficient to reduce eventual pathogen load. Products are mainly sold directly to consumers on the farm premises. Our results suggest the need to support these artisan cheese producers in order to improve the production standards without altering the traditional cheesemaking practices. The reported data are also useful for specific risk assessment studies.
Topics: Cheese; Animals; Italy; Sheep; Dairying; Goats; Animal Husbandry; Milk
PubMed: 38752468
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.2687.19358.2 -
Parasites & Vectors May 2024Batai virus (BATV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of veterinary importance. A high seroprevalence in cows, sheep and goats and infection in different mosquito species has been...
BACKGROUND
Batai virus (BATV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of veterinary importance. A high seroprevalence in cows, sheep and goats and infection in different mosquito species has been observed in Central Europe. Therefore, we studied indigenous as well as exotic species of the genera Culex and Aedes for BATV vector competence at different fluctuating temperature profiles.
METHODS
Field caught Culex pipiens biotype pipiens, Culex torrentium, Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus japonicus from Germany and Aedes aegypti laboratory colony were infected with BATV strain 53.3 using artificial blood meals. Engorged mosquitoes were kept under four (Culex species) or three (Aedes species) fluctuating temperature profiles (18 ± 5 °C, 21 ± 5 °C, 24 ± 5 °C, 27 ± 5 °C) at a humidity of 70% and a dark/light rhythm of 12:12 for 14 days. Transmission was measured by testing the saliva obtained by forced salivation assay for viable BATV particles. Infection rates were analysed by testing whole mosquitoes for BATV RNA by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
RESULTS
No transmission was detected for Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus or Ae. japonicus japonicus. Infection was observed for Cx. p. pipiens, but only in the three conditions with the highest temperatures (21 ± 5 °C, 24 ± 5 °C, 27 ± 5 °C). In Cx. torrentium infection was measured at all tested temperatures with higher infection rates compared with Cx. p. pipiens. Transmission was only detected for Cx. torrentium exclusively at the highest temperature of 27 ± 5 °C.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the tested mosquito species, only Cx. torrentium seems to be able to transmit BATV if the climatic conditions are feasible.
Topics: Animals; Aedes; Culex; Mosquito Vectors; Temperature; Bunyamwera virus; Saliva; Bunyaviridae Infections; Female; Europe; Germany
PubMed: 38750581
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06296-4