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Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... Mar 2019The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Cattle; Reflex; Unconsciousness
PubMed: 30669179
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13168 -
The Veterinary Record Aug 2021
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Diffusion of Innovation; Mice; Rats; Rodent Control
PubMed: 34357632
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.785 -
Interventional Cardiology Clinics Oct 2022In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a potential complication after percutaneous coronary intervention, even in the era of drug-eluting stents, and its treatment remains... (Review)
Review
In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a potential complication after percutaneous coronary intervention, even in the era of drug-eluting stents, and its treatment remains suboptimal. Neoatherosclerosis is an important component of the pathology of ISR and is accelerated in drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluating the morphology of ISR, although computed tomography angiography is emerging as an alternative noninvasive modality to evaluate the presence of ISR. Drug-coated balloons and stent reimplantation are the current mainstays of treatment for ISR, and the choice of treatment should be based on clinical background and lesion morphology.
Topics: Constriction, Pathologic; Coronary Restenosis; Drug-Eluting Stents; Humans; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prosthesis Design; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36243488
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2022.02.005 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2018Acceptable methods for the euthanasia of cattle include overdose of an anesthetic, gunshot and captive bolt. The use of anesthetics for euthanasia is costly and... (Review)
Review
Acceptable methods for the euthanasia of cattle include overdose of an anesthetic, gunshot and captive bolt. The use of anesthetics for euthanasia is costly and complicates carcass disposal. These issues can be avoided by use of a physical method such as gunshot or captive bolt; however, each requires that certain conditions be met to assure an immediate loss of consciousness and death. For example, the caliber of firearm and type of bullet are important considerations when gunshot is used. When captive bolt is used, a penetrating captive bolt loaded with the appropriate powder charge and accompanied by a follow up (adjunctive) step to assure death are required. The success of physical methods also requires careful selection of the anatomic site for entry of a “free bullet” or “bolt” in the case of penetrating captive bolt. Disease eradication plans for animal health emergencies necessitate methods of euthanasia that will facilitate rapid and efficient depopulation of animals while preserving their welfare to the greatest extent possible. A portable pneumatic captive bolt device has been developed and validated as effective for use in mass depopulation scenarios. Finally, while most tend to focus on the technical aspects of euthanasia, it is extremely important that no one forget the human cost for those who may be required to perform the task of euthanasia on a regular basis. Symptoms including depression, grief, sleeplessness and destructive behaviors including alcoholism and drug abuse are not uncommon for those who participate in the euthanasia of animals.
PubMed: 29673140
DOI: 10.3390/ani8040057 -
PloS One 2023Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and...
Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and demolition after construction, resulting in waste of resources and high costs. This paper proposes a bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation. It offers significant advantages in terms of convenient connection, low amortization cost and recyclability. The split connection point of the foundation is determined through the force analysis of the I-steel. With the ratio of the fixed cross-sectional area to the web height-to-thickness ratio (i.e. total cost) being constant, the inertia moment and bending stiffness of the I-steel are optimized using modern optimization design methods with the ratio of the web plate area to the total section area of the I-steel as the design variable, yielding the ideal strength and stiffness of the I-steel section.
Topics: Bone Plates; Steel
PubMed: 37733764
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291982 -
Cardiovascular Revascularization... Dec 2022
Review
Topics: Humans; Renal Artery; Acute Kidney Injury; Catheters
PubMed: 35810112
DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.06.018 -
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America Jul 2020The past decade has seen a significant shift in the number of centers performing intracranial electroencephalography from subdural grids and strips to... (Review)
Review
The past decade has seen a significant shift in the number of centers performing intracranial electroencephalography from subdural grids and strips to stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Unlike grid and strip insertion or other stereotactic procedures in which the cortical surface is visualized, SEEG involves insertion of an electrode through a bolt anchored into the skull. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of SEEG trajectory planning, it often is time-consuming and iterative. Computer-assisted planning improves time taken and efficacy of SEEG trajectory planning. This article provides an overview of the considerations, controversies, and practicalities of implementing an automated computer-assisted planning solution for SEEG planning.
Topics: Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Preoperative Care; Stereotaxic Techniques; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 32475489
DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.03.005 -
Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques Dec 2009An illustrative technique display and discussions. (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
An illustrative technique display and discussions.
OBJECTIVES
Review of traditional and new "anatomic" techniques for placement of iliac-spinal fixation.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Placement of iliac fixation traditionally has been performed using offset connectors, devascularizing the iliac muscles, in addition to the posterior iliac spine. The technique reviewed provides for the screw heads to be placed in a more anatomic position, allowing rods to be laid parallel without the detachment of the erector spinous muscles.
METHODS
Utilization of anatomic models and discussion of present surgical technique for iliac bolt fixation (traditional) compared and contrasted to newer technique using the anatomic landmarks and structures of the iliac crest.
RESULTS
The anatomic models illustrate and support the utilization of an anatomic technique for fixation due to the lessening of muscle trauma, alignment of the rod systems, and preservation of the cortical surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
The anatomic placement of iliac bolts provides for improved alignment of constructs while addressing spinal deformities. It may also increase screw pullout and construct strength.
Topics: Humans; Ilium; Internal Fixators; Joint Instability; Lumbar Vertebrae; Models, Anatomic; Muscle Weakness; Muscle, Skeletal; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Curvatures; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 19956026
DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31818da3e2 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Nov 2020Securing the catheter to the skin either with sutures or staples and to the skull with bolt system still represents the most common options in the management of CSF...
INTRODUCTION
Securing the catheter to the skin either with sutures or staples and to the skull with bolt system still represents the most common options in the management of CSF external drainage. However, these options bear an unavoidable risk of complications. This problem is common to vascular accesses and has been successfully overcome with the introduction of device for subcutaneous anchoring (SecurAcath®, Interrad Medical, Inc., Plymouth, Minnesota), which has rapidly become the standard of care in this field.
METHODS
We report our experience with the use of SecurAcath® to secure CSF drainage, either ventricular or spinal. Results were compared with literature data.
RESULTS
Since 2015, SecurAcath® was used in 209 patients (mean age 7 years) to secure 195 external cranial catheters (either ventricular or subdural or intralesional) and 16 spinal drainages. Indwell time ranged from 5 to 30 days. No complication related to the use of the device was observed. In particular, there was no case of dislocation or accidental pullout of the catheter. Rate of infection, or superinfection in case of ventricular catheter implanted for CSF infection, was null.
CONCLUSIONS
SecurAcath® is a safe and effective device to secure CSF external catheters, with several relevant advantages, including easy placement and maintenance. Moreover, it may stay in place for the whole duration of the catheter without any skin tissue trauma and allows a complete antisepsis of the exit site, thus reducing local skin complications. This factor has significant impact on the reduction of infection rate of external CSF catheters.
Topics: Catheters; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Drainage; Humans; Minnesota; Sutures
PubMed: 32548672
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04737-w -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Many designs of anchor cables are currently in use for rock support in civil and mining operations. Because of the exposed surface and weak shear performance of the...
Many designs of anchor cables are currently in use for rock support in civil and mining operations. Because of the exposed surface and weak shear performance of the cable bolt's free section (CBFS) in end-anchored structures, breaking failure frequently occurs. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments were performed in this study to develop measures to improve CBFS resistance to shear failure. Analysis of shear characteristics of the CBFS showed that higher axial tension weakens the cable bolt's shear resistance, and that shear damage on the cable surface and uneven distribution of shear stress aggravate CBFS tensile-shear failure. A high-strength steel pipe is proposed to protect the shear cable bolt, and the preliminary design of a CBFS-strengthening device (CFSD) is presented. Numerical simulation revealed that the CFSD effectively improved CBFS shear resistance and provided protection from harmful shear damage. The optimal performance of a Q-type (slotted steel pipe) CFSD was confirmed. The mechanism of improvement of the cable's shear resistance to surrounding rock by employing the CFSD was analyzed. Double-shear tests were carried out on a bare cable bolt and a cable bolt with a Q-CFSD. The results revealed that the CFSD increased the peak shear force on the joint plane, cable peak axial force, and ultimate shear displacement by 31%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The proposed device is effective in improving the shear performance of end-anchored cable bolts and enhancing surrounding rock stability.
PubMed: 38204050
DOI: 10.3390/ma17010197