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Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2015Simple and aneurysmal bone cysts are benign lytic bone lesions, usually encountered in children and adolescents. Simple bone cyst is a cystic, fluid-filled lesion, which... (Review)
Review
Simple and aneurysmal bone cysts are benign lytic bone lesions, usually encountered in children and adolescents. Simple bone cyst is a cystic, fluid-filled lesion, which may be unicameral (UBC) or partially separated. UBC can involve all bones, but usually the long bone metaphysis and otherwise primarily the proximal humerus and proximal femur. The classic aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an expansive and hemorrhagic tumor, usually showing characteristic translocation. About 30% of ABCs are secondary, without translocation; they occur in reaction to another, usually benign, bone lesion. ABCs are metaphyseal, excentric, bulging, fluid-filled and multicameral, and may develop in all bones of the skeleton. On MRI, the fluid level is evocative. It is mandatory to distinguish ABC from UBC, as prognosis and treatment are different. UBCs resolve spontaneously between adolescence and adulthood; the main concern is the risk of pathologic fracture. Treatment in non-threatening forms consists in intracystic injection of methylprednisolone. When there is a risk of fracture, especially of the femoral neck, surgery with curettage, filling with bone substitute or graft and osteosynthesis may be required. ABCs are potentially more aggressive, with a risk of bone destruction. Diagnosis must systematically be confirmed by biopsy, identifying soft-tissue parts, as telangiectatic sarcoma can mimic ABC. Intra-lesional sclerotherapy with alcohol is an effective treatment. In spinal ABC and in aggressive lesions with a risk of fracture, surgical treatment should be preferred, possibly after preoperative embolization. The risk of malignant transformation is very low, except in case of radiation therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Bone Cysts; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Child; Female; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25579825
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.06.031 -
Pediatric Radiology Aug 2022Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive lesion that predominantly affects children and young adults. ABC, which accounts for approximately 70% of... (Review)
Review
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive lesion that predominantly affects children and young adults. ABC, which accounts for approximately 70% of the cases, is now recognized to be a true neoplasm, whereas ABC-like changes associated to other bone neoplasms (also referred in the literature as secondary ABC) accounts for the remaining 30%. The solid variant of ABC is also considered a true neoplasm but is rare. ABC can involve any bone in the body, and although it has a metaphyseal preference, it can involve any part of a bone and soft tissues. As with any bone tumor, the initial evaluation of ABCs should be done with radiographs followed by magnetic resonance imaging or less frequently computed tomography for further characterization. The imaging appearance of ABC is variable; however, a lytic and expansile lesion with fluid-fluid levels is the most common presentation. The main differential diagnosis of an ABC in the pediatric population is unicameral bone cyst (UBC) and telangiectatic osteosarcoma, therefore a biopsy is recommended before treatment. The therapeutic options of ABC range from curettage with or without adjuncts such as phenol, liquid nitrogen, argon laser and bone grafting or bone substitutes to more recently employed alternatives such as image-guided sclerotherapy with various sclerosing agents and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Denosumab).
Topics: Bone Cysts; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 35941207
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05396-6 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Sep 2019A traumatic bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion of the jaws that is considered as a "pseudocyst" because of the lack of an epithelial lining. This lesion is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A traumatic bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion of the jaws that is considered as a "pseudocyst" because of the lack of an epithelial lining. This lesion is particularly asymptomatic and therefore is diagnosed by routine dental radiographic examination as a unilocular radiolucency with scalloped borders, mainly in the posterior mandibular region. The exact etiopathogenesis of the lesion remains uncertain, though it is often associated with trauma.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report three Persian cases of traumatic bone cyst with different clinical and radiographic features, and we present a review of the literature to further discuss diagnostic and treatment challenges. Only one of the three patients reported a history of trauma, and despite the usual signs and symptoms of the lesion, extension of the defect to the ramus, swelling of the lingual cortex, and their unusual presence in the anterior mandible were noted in these patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Because features of this cyst can be varied, careful history taking and radiographic evaluation alongside the clinical signs and symptoms have a very significant role in definitive diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and accurate assessment of prognosis.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Adolescent; Bone Cysts; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Mandibular Diseases; Radiography, Panoramic; Young Adult
PubMed: 31530284
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2220-7 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Mar 1995The aneurysmal bone cyst is the result of a specific pathophysiologic change, which is probably the result of trauma or a tumor-induced anomalous vascular process. In... (Review)
Review
The aneurysmal bone cyst is the result of a specific pathophysiologic change, which is probably the result of trauma or a tumor-induced anomalous vascular process. In approximately one third of cases, the preexisting lesion can be clearly identified. The most common of these is the giant cell tumor, which accounts for 19-39% of cases in which the preceding lesion is found. Other common precursor lesions include osteoblastoma, angioma, and chondroblastoma. Less common lesions include fibrous dysplasia, fibroxanthoma (nonossifying fibroma), chondromyxoid fibroma, solitary bone cyst, fibrous histiocytoma, eosinophilic granuloma, and even osteosarcoma. Interestingly, some of the controversy surrounding this lesion may be the result of a change in how the lesion was defined by Lichtenstein in 1953, when intramedullary lesions were added to the previously described juxtacortical (superficial) lesions. Members of the AFIP have suggested that many of the intramedullary lesions in which no previous lesion can be identified may represent giant cell tumors of bone. Their similarity to proved giant cell tumors in skeletally immature patients can be striking and seems more than coincidental. Appropriate treatment of an aneurysmal bone cyst requires the realization that it results from a specific pathophysiologic process, and identification of the preexisting lesion, if possible, is essential. Clearly an osteosarcoma with superimposed secondary aneurysmal bone cyst change must be treated as an osteosarcoma, and giant cell tumor with secondary features of aneurysmal bone cyst would be expected to be more likely to recur locally. The vast majority (approximately 80%) of patients presenting with aneurysmal bone cystlike findings are less than 20 years old. More than half of all such lesions occur in long bones, with approximately 12-30% of cases occurring in the spine. The pelvis accounts for about half of all flat bone lesions. Most patients present with pain and/or swelling, with symptoms usually present for less than 6 months. The imaging appearance of aneurysmal bone cyst reflects the underlying pathophysiologic change. Radiographs show an eccentric, lytic lesion with an expanded, remodeled "blown-out" or "ballooned" bony contour of the host bone, frequently with a delicate trabeculated appearance. Radiographs may rarely show flocculent densities within the lesion, which may mimic chondroid matrix. CT scanning will define the lesion and is especially valuable for those lesions located in areas in which the bony anatomy is complex, and which are not adequately evaluated by plain films. Fluid-fluid levels are common and may be seen on CT scans and MR images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Humans; Radiography
PubMed: 7863874
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.164.3.7863874 -
British Journal of Neurosurgery Oct 2020Unicameral bone cysts (UBC), also known as simple bone cysts, are common benign bone lesions filled with fluid, primarily occurring in children and adolescents....
Unicameral bone cysts (UBC), also known as simple bone cysts, are common benign bone lesions filled with fluid, primarily occurring in children and adolescents. Although they can develop in any bone, UBCs usually affect the long bones. A 53 year old male patient was found incidentally to have a calvarian lesion in the parietal region overlying the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) (Figure 1). The differential diagnosis included a large arachnoid granulation, haemangioma of bone, a giant cell tumour or tuberculous infection. The patient was planned for elective surgery to remove the lesion and establish the diagnosis. Surgery was uneventful. To the best of our knowledge we describe the first case of UBC affecting the cranial vault. The patient underwent surgery.
Topics: Bone Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skull
PubMed: 30691312
DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1519113 -
Skeletal Radiology Oct 2020Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign locally destructive lesion that usually developed in the bone cavity of bones, less commonly on the surface of cortical bones and... (Review)
Review
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign locally destructive lesion that usually developed in the bone cavity of bones, less commonly on the surface of cortical bones and very rarely develop outside the bone. There are only 35 reports of extraskeletal aneurysmal bone cyst (ESABC) in the English literature. We report a case of a 12-year-old female with no history of trauma who presented with knee pain. Imaging studies revealed an infrapatellar mass that was fast to calcify during a period of 3 months. MRI showed high T2 center, low T1 signal, and heterogenic enhancement with a rim of low intensity consistent with calcified boarders surrounded by severe soft tissue edema. The lesion was surgically excised, and a histological examination revealed an aneurysmal bone cyst possibly arising within myositis ossificans or heterotopic ossification. In her last follow-up 1.5 years after the surgical excision, the patient was symptom free and without signs of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intra-articular ESABC located in the knee.
Topics: Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myositis Ossificans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 32435899
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03464-2 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2019
Topics: Bone Cysts; Humans; Jaw
PubMed: 31321964
DOI: No ID Found -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jul 2019Simple bone cyst is a benign lytic lesion usually encountered in children and adolescents. It is a cystic, fluid-filled lesion that usually involves the metaphysis of...
Simple bone cyst is a benign lytic lesion usually encountered in children and adolescents. It is a cystic, fluid-filled lesion that usually involves the metaphysis of the long bones. Simple bone cyst of the rib is very rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Here we describe an interesting case of a simple bone cyst of the sixth rib in a 15-year-old girl that was managed successfully with surgical excision.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Cysts; Female; Humans; Ribs
PubMed: 30529678
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.10.074 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2010A classic solitary bone cyst is discussed. Radiology and histology is reviewed.
A classic solitary bone cyst is discussed. Radiology and histology is reviewed.
Topics: Bone Cysts; Humans; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Prognosis; Radiography, Panoramic; Young Adult
PubMed: 20405250
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-010-0179-1 -
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B Oct 1998Simple bone cyst (SBC) is an enigma to the radiologist, pathologist and the orthopaedic surgeon. The etiology of this asymptomatic lesion that frequently causes... (Review)
Review
Simple bone cyst (SBC) is an enigma to the radiologist, pathologist and the orthopaedic surgeon. The etiology of this asymptomatic lesion that frequently causes pathological fracture is still unknown. It is probably self limited in nature, seen in children but rare among adults. The biological behavior is unpredictable as is the clinical course in various anatomical sites. This reflects on the high recurrence rate that has been associated with various treatment modalities. The clinical, radiological and biological features are discussed together with comparative review of treatment options from resection, curettage, and bone grafting to steroid injection and the latest experience of the use of percutaneous autologous marrow grafting in SBC.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bone Cysts; Bone Transplantation; Child; Child, Preschool; Curettage; Humans; Osteotomy; Radiography; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Steroids
PubMed: 9810525
DOI: No ID Found